Modbus

https://www.drago-automation.de/en/service-en/tips-tricks/category/
rs485-.html
Profibus
https://felser.ch/profibus-manual/der_busabschluss_fuer_rs485.html
https://www.felser.ch/profibus-manual/unterbrechende_stecker.html
https://www.indu-sol.com/en/products/profibus/infrastructure-components/
https://www.plcacademy.com/profibus-cable-connector-termination/
https://omina.com.vn/bo-chuyen-doi-profibus-profinet-dang-dau-noi-d-sub9/

IO Link
https://comtrol.com/io-link-master-gateways/io-link-101-top-ten-benefits-
explained

Ngày 1/4/2022
Hoạt động:
- Xem video về profinet, các nội dung liên quan
- Lớp trao đổi, xây dựng lại slide hoàn thiện hơn
- Mô phỏng kết nối, điều khiển với TIA Portal, PLCSim, PLCSim Advance –
PLC Siemens (s7-1200; 1500, HMI)
- Hoàn thành bộ tài liệu + video hướng dẫn
- Mở rộng- kết nối HMI?
Profinet
PAA – Profinet Network Design-2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7g6RgvTAC4s
Mô phỏng
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_MP7KxwjXs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyXbEEmYkbo
S7300- simulation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jcO8pdRX4M
Tài liệu
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-XDMGTn1HYIjNJZbxGtzX_wclnygxNhx/view?
usp=sharing
Day #4:
Ethenet based Network
Network basic and Industrial communication network
1. Các lớp vật lý, các loại mạng được xây dựng từ Ethenet
2. Thông số vật lý: IP, Subnet, ….
3. Các thiết bị mạng: Repeater, Router,….
4. Cables:
5.
Day #3
Beckhoff Network
CC-Link - Open-technology fieldbus network with performance up to 10 Mbps providing
absolute deterministic behavior and cost effectiveness, flexibility and ease of use
Making your products compatible with CC-Link Family, an open field network originating from Japan.

That will not only ensure the level of system flexibility distinctively characteristic of multi-vendor
products but also provide you with the opportunity to boost the competitiveness of your products to
the global level once and for all.
With various certifications, including International Organization for Standardization ISO 15745-5 *1,
IEC 61158 and 61784*2, SEMI*3, Chinese National Standards GB*4, Korean Industrial Standards KS*5,
and Japanese Industrial Standards JIS*6, CC-Link has lived up to its name as a global standard. To
ensure quick and certain development of CC-Link Family compatible products, such as new
generation CC-Link IE Control network and CC-Link IE Field network, Mitsubishi Electric will support
you in every phase of development, including the provision of development tools.
https://www.renesas.com/us/en/application/industrial/industrial-network/
industrial-ethernet-fieldbus#overview
https://panasonic-plc.com/2019/07/18/industrial-network/

Thông kê phương thức truyền thông

Mạng với Ethernet

The Industrial Ethernet market is growing by 22% annually

From Above, we know Ethernet share the biggest Market. However, what is Relative
Popularity of Ethernet Protocols? which brands use it? and which models are their
application?
IEEE 802.3 UDP TCP

EthernetIP
 one of the leading industrial protocols in the United States and is widely
used in a range of industries including factory, hybrid and process.
 Rockwell 1734-AENTR

IEC 61158 and 61784 Standard

CC-Link Industrial Networks

 open-architecture network that was originally developed by the Mitsubishi
Electric Corporation
 Mitsubishi QJ61BT11N
https://lappconnect.lappgroup.com/en/expertise/single-pair-ethernet-iiot/
https://www.controldesign.com/industry-news/news/11347469/cc-link-ie-
extends-1gb-ethernet-to-field-devices
https://instrumentationtools.com/basics-of-industrial-communication-networks/
https://instrumentationtools.com/basics-of-industrial-communication-networks/

Basics of Industrial
Communication Networks
by Editorial Staff

Communication networks may be used in control systems

to pass data between field devices and PLCs, between
different PLCs, or between PLCs and personal computers used
for operator interface, data processing and storage, or
management information.

Although a communications circuit can involve only two

pieces of equipment with a circuit between them, the
term network typically refers to connecting many devices
together to permit the sharing of data between devices over
a single (or redundant) circuits.

Data is transmitted over a network using serial

communication, in which words of data called bytes
consisting of individual logical zeros and ones (bits) are
transmitted sequentially from one device to another.

The collection of data in a single transmission is often called

a packet. The rate at which data can be transmitted over a
network is defined in bits-per-second or bps, but typically
expressed in thousands (Kbps) or millions (Mbps).

Industrial Communication Networks

In large SCADA systems, there is usually a communications
network of some type connecting the individual PLCs to the
operator interface equipment at the central control room.

There may also be networks used at lower levels in

the control system architecture, for communications between
different PLCs in the same subsystem or industrial facility, as
well as for communications between field devices and
individual PLCs.

The below figure shows the various levels of network

communications in a typical large SCADA system.

Although not widely applied to SCADA systems, two terms

that are commonly used with respect to management
information systems communication are local area
network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN). A LAN consists
of all of the devices, typically PCs and servers within a
particular industrial facility or site.

A WAN is created by providing a connection between LANs,

typically over a long geographic distance using
telecommunications industrial facilities. Large SCADA
systems may be required to interface to LANs or WANs to
provide data transfer to management information systems or
to permit internet access to SCADA system data.

Physical media
All communications networks utilize one of two media to
transmit data signals between devices: Electrical conductors
such as copper wire or optical conductors such as fiber optic
cable (wireless communication via radio or microwave
radiation does not require an intervening medium).

The point on a device at which the circuit is connected is

referred to as a communications port; the physical and
electrical characteristics of the communications port must
match the media to be used for the network.

Copper Cables
Copper media will support either point-to-point or tapped
network configurations. Copper-based networks may be used
between devices and PLCs or between PLCs, but should not
be installed over long distances, or across an industrial
facility boundary. All copper network cables should be
of shielded construction.

For copper-based networks, three basic types of copper

conductors are used.
Shielded Twisted pair (STP)
Shielded twisted pair (STP), in which individual pairs of
insulated conductors are twisted together to reduce
inductively coupled interference and covered with a
continuous metallic foil shield to reduce capacitively coupled
interference.

Individual pairs or multiple pairs are then assembled into a

cable within an overall jacket that provides environmental
protection.

Unshielded Twisted pair (UTP)

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP), have individual pairs of
insulated conductors that are twisted together to reduce
inductively coupled interference.

Individual pairs or multiple pairs are then assembled into a

cable with an overall jacket to provide environmental
protection.

Coaxial cable (COAX)

Coaxial cable (COAX) has a single conductor that is
surrounded by an annular layer of dielectric material that is
then covered with a metallic braided shield and then an
overall jacket.

Configurations are available with multiple coaxial cables

within a common overall jacket; these are often referred to as
twin-ax (2 cables) or tri-ax (3 cables). Coaxial cable
construction is inherently shielded.

Fiber-based Networks
In fiber-based networks, optical fibers transmit data in the
form of pulses of light, which are produced by a light-emitting
diode (LED) or laser transmitter and detected by a
photodiode or phototransistor receiver at the other end of the
fiber.

In addition to these photoelectric components, fiber optic

transceivers contain the circuitry required to convert
electronic data into pulses of light and the reverse.
Each optical fiber consists of a glass fiber core with another
layer of glass over the core called cladding.

The core and cladding have different indexes of refraction,

causing light waves that enter the core to be continuously
reflected from the interface and not dispersed outside the
core.

Cable sizes are typically defined by the outside diameters of

the core and cladding in microns, such as 62.5/125. Optical
fiber is available in two types:

Single Mode Fiber

Single Mode Fiber, consisting of a single core strand having a
single transmission path, provides very high data
transmission rates over long distances, but is costly.

This type of cable is used for long-distance

telecommunications and video applications.

Multi-Mode Fiber
Multi-Mode Fiber, consisting of multiple core strands,
provides multiple signal paths which result in some distortion
of the signal and is therefore restricted to shorter lengths, but
is more economical.
This is the type of cable commonly used in SCADA system
and data processing networks.

SCADA Networks
SCADA networks operating between industrial facilities on
large sites, over long distances, or outside of the industrial
facility, the shield should be fiber-based.

Fiber-based networks have some significant advantages for

SCADA application, including the following.

1. They provide very high signal quality.

2. As no electric voltage or current is used, they are
completely free of RFI and EMI interference.
3. When used over long distances or between
buildings they eliminate problems with ground
potential differences, ground loops, and transient
voltages.
4. They provide enhanced security since point-to-point
communications cannot be tapped or daisy-chained.
Media Standards
Industry standards for communications media define both
the physical and electrical (or optical) characteristics of both
the conductors and the connectors used to mate them to
communications ports.

Some common network conductor physical standards and

their characteristics are listed in the below the table.
 Table 1. Common network communication media

Communication Protocols
Communication protocols define the “rules” by which
devices on a network are able to communicate. They define
the structure of data packets that are transmitted on the
network as well as other necessary information such as how
individual devices are uniquely addressed, what signals the
beginning and end of a data message, and how each
message is checked for transmission errors by the receiving
device. A particular communication protocol may be
implemented using more than one type of physical media.

For example, Ethernet may operate on UTP, coaxial cable or

fiber, but the data structure is the same on any of these
media. The protocol used may impose limitations on the
media such as maximum data transmission rate (Mbps) or
maximum circuit length between devices.

Protocols
Protocols may be either proprietary or open. Proprietary
protocols are those developed by vendors for use with their
own systems and for which application information is not
made publicly available for use by other vendors.

Open protocols are those for which all application information

is in the public domain, permitting any vendor to develop
devices and software that can use the protocol.

Most of the open protocols used today originated with

specific vendors. However, they have been made accessible
by those vendors to increase the number of devices that are
compatible with their systems, making them more
marketable.

Table 2 shows common open network communication

protocols.

SCADA Systems
SCADA systems for industrial facilities should use open
protocols for a number of reasons:

1. There is substantial published data regarding their

reliability and performance characteristics.
2. Technical support is available from multiple
sources.
3. There are larger numbers of competing compatible
devices to select from.
4. Systems may be modified or expanded without
requiring sole-source proprietary contracts.
 Table 2. Common open network communication protocols

Network Topologies
Commonly used network topologies include star, ring and
tapped configurations. A logical network is defined as a group
of interconnected devices that are communicating together
with the same protocol.

Different logical networks may be interconnected by using

protocol converters or translators.

Star Topology
In a star topology, each device on the network is connected
to a central hub by a single communications circuit, as shown
in the below figure. The hub performs the function of passing
messages between devices.

Types of devices that may serve as the hub of a star network

include repeaters, switches, and routers.
The most common example of this topology is the Ethernet
LAN used to interconnect all of the personal computers within
an office environment. In this case, a dedicated cable is
routed from the Ethernet port on each PC back to a switch or
router somewhere in the office building.

In a star network, loss of a single communication circuit

affects only the single device at the end of that circuit,
although the loss of a hub device obviously affects the entire
network. The star network has the highest installation cost
per device.

Ring Topology
In a ring topology, two communication ports are provided
on each device and the network circuit makes a loop through
all of the devices, with an open point, as shown in the below
figure.
Two-way communication allows messages to pass in either
direction along the network. Messages must be passed
through the communication ports of each device on the
network, making it vulnerable to a break if a single device
fails or is removed.

If a means is provided to bridge the open point on the failure

of a particular device or circuit segment, this configuration
can have high reliability at a relatively low cost.

Multi-drop Topology
In a tapped (or multi-drop) network the communications
circuit is tapped to be connected to each device so that the
communication ports of the various devices are effectively
electrically in parallel. Tapped connections are applicable
only to copper-based media; fiber-optic circuits are limited to
point-to-point operation.
The configuration in the figure below typically represents the
lowest installed cost per device.

This configuration is commonly used for field device

communications; a common example is a fire detection
system with addressable devices, in which a UTP network is
T-tapped at each device.

Network Redundancy
The need for network redundancy in a SCADA system is
dependent on the robustness and vulnerabilities of the type
of network used as well as the criticality of the control or
reporting functions that rely on the network.

In a system where the network serves only to pass

management information reporting or trending of data to a
central location, and all automatic control and operator
interface functions are fully present with the network out of
service, a non-redundant configuration is acceptable.

If a network serves only a single redundant component of a

system, such as the point-to-point communication circuit
between a generator PLC located in the control room and the
local engine control panel, network redundancy is also not
required.

Any network, however, that is required for system operation,

or whose failure could affect multiple redundant sub-systems
or components, must be redundant. For example, a
communications network used to pass information (such as
generator start signals) between all of the generator PLCs
and the system master PLC must provide redundancy.

Star or a Tapped Network with Redundancy

In either a star or a tapped network, redundancy requires
complete duplication of the network, including
communication ports at each device, communication circuits,
and the hub equipment.

The below Figure presents an example of a fully redundant

network configuration. In this configuration, one network
serves as the primary with all devices using it for
communication. If any (or all devices) sense loss of
communications with the primary network, they
automatically transfer to the backup network.
This provides protection both against loss of the entire
primary network and loss of an individual device connection.
A bridge is required between the two networks to allow a
device that has transferred to the backup network to
communicate to those remaining on the primary network.

An advantage of this configuration is that each device

requires only a single address, as it only communicates with
one network at a time.

Ring Network
The reliability of a ring network can be increased by
providing an automatic switching device at the open point.
The switching device periodically polls the other devices on
the network and detects an open point due to device or
communication circuit failure by the lack of response from
particular devices.

The switch is then automatically closed, restoring

communications between all devices. This is referred to as
a “self-healing” ring as shown in the below figure.
This provides a network that is more reliable than any of the
non-redundant configurations, at less cost than a fully
redundant configuration, and maybe acceptable for facilities
with lower RAM criteria.

Network Speed
The speed at which information can be transmitted on a
communications network depends upon the protocol, the
physical media, the number of devices on the network and
the level of message traffic.

Traditionally, the networks associated with SCADA systems

have provided adequate speed for alarm and status reporting
and operator control but were not fast enough for critical
functions like protective relay tripping or under frequency
load shedding.
Advances in electrical utility substation automation have led
to the testing and qualification of some network systems to
speeds adequate for protective relay trip functions (4
milliseconds) under specified traffic levels.

However, before considering a SCADA system that relies

upon the network for critical control and protection functions,
the user must verify that the hardware and software to be
used has been tested and demonstrated the required speed
under worst-case traffic conditions.

Reference : This material adapted from the “Department of

the Army, TM 5-601, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) Systems for Command, Control, Communications,
Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
(C4ISR) Facilities, 21 January 2006.”
SCADA Communication and
Protocols
by Editorial Staff

SCADA software is the most important aspect which runs

on the hardware. Earlier SCADA was mostly hardware and
less on software. Presently, SCADA is 85% software and 15 %
hardware. SCADA software can be divided into two types,
proprietary or open.

The important SCADA protocols can be classified into

the following

 DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol)

 IEC (International Electro Technical Commission)
60870
ISO Model
The working these protocols are based on the ISO or open
systems interconnection model (OSI) are shown below.
The OSI Reference model has seven layers, the details of
which are given below. The different layers are categorized
based on the functions they perform

DNP3 Protocol
DNP3 stands for distributed network protocol and it consist of
a set of communication protocols used between components
which are used in process automation systems like electric
utility, chemical process plants, etc.

The purpose of DNP3 is to accomplish communication

between various types of monitoring, data acquisition
systems and control equipment. This protocol forms an
integral part in SCADA systems while interconnecting the
RTUs and IEDs named as the Inter –Control Center
Communications (ICCP) protocol. ICCP is a part of IEC 60870
and is widely used in inter- master station communications.

IEC 60870 was primarily design to allow important reliable

communication between in electric utility automation
systems under situations of information distortion and
transmission. Security of these protocols is an important
aspect to be considered.

DNP3 protocols were not designed to be secure from hackers

and threats. There was a need to introduce security
authentication to the DNP3 protocol. Presently it is in
complaint with IEC 62315-5 and is regarded as a a set of best
practices for implementing SCADA-RTU master station
communications.

Important Features of DNP3

1. DNP3 protocol is characterised by important features that
makes it inter-operable with related protocols like MODBUS,
etc. This makes it more efficient and efficient for
communicating between components in SCADA systems.

2. DNP3, with reference to the widely used OSI model for

communicating networks, corresponds to layer 2, which
provides multiplexing of various features like error checking,
link control, data fragmentation, etc.

3. DNP3 provides a transport function (layer 4) and

Application layer (Layer 7) corresponding to SCADA
applications.

4. DNP3 has improved bandwidth efficiency which is

accomplished through event oriented data reporting.

5. DNP3 has good ability to handle error detection.

The DNP Protocol performs time synchronization with RTU,

where time stamped variants of all data point objects are
reconstructed through a sequence of events.
The DNP3 protocol has the added advantage of supporting
RTUs of different nature and complexity through four levels of
subsets of the protocols for RTU compliance. However this
protocol tends to become more complex with increased
number of RTUs and interconnection.

IEC60870 Protocol
IEC standard 60870 is widely used for controlling electric
power transmission grids and other process plants. This
standard can be used for interoperating various equipment
from different suppliers through standardized protocols.

IEC standard 60870 has six parts, defining general

information related to the standard, operating conditions,
electrical interfaces, performance requirements, and data
transmission protocols.

IEC 60870 provides a communication profile for tele-control

messages between two directly connected systems. This
protocols provides tele-control and tele-protection of electric
power systems through associated tele-communication.

IEC 60870-5 has five parts:

IEC 60870-5-1: Transmission Frame Formats

IEC 60870-5-2: Data Link Transmission Services

IEC 60870-5-3; General Structure of Application Data

IEC 60870-5-4; Definition and Coding of Information Elements

IEC 60870-5-5; Basic Application Functions

The two widely used protocols for SCADA Applications are

  HDLC (High Level Data Link Control)
 MODBUS
HDLC
HDLC (High Level Data Link Control) is a bit oriented code
transparent synchronous data link layer protocol developed
by ISO. HDLC provides connection – oriented and connection
– less service.

Though HDLC can be used for point to point multi point

connections, but is preferable to use one to one connections,
known as asynchronous balanced mode (ABM). It forms the
basis for all modern protocols.

Modbus
MODBUS is a serial communications protocol originally
published by MODICON in 1979 for use with its
programmable logic controllers. MODBUS protocol is simple
and robust which has become a widely used standard
communication protocol for connecting industrial electronic
devices.

The advantages of MODBUS protocol from an industry point

of view are

1. Industry centric.

2. Open Source

3. Easy to use and deploy

4. Vendor independent

MODBUS allows communication between several devices

connected to the network through RTUs in SCADA. In this
protocol, the master may initiate a MODBUS command to
activate the connected element / device.

The command contains the MODBUS address of the device.

Only the indented device will act on receiving the command
though other devices receive them. The MODBUS command
ensures that the command is received unchanged through an
inbuilt checking information.

No standard way exists for a node to find the description of a

data object, there is no way for a field device to “report by
exception” Modbus is restricted to addressing 247 devices on
one data link, which limits the number of field devices that
may be connected to a master station Modbus transmissions
must be contiguous which limits the types of remote
communications devices to those that can buffer data to
avoid gaps in the transmission. Modbus protocol provides no
security against unauthorized commands or interception of
data.

Companies develop proprietary software to communicate to

their hardware. These systems are sold as ‘turn key’
solutions. The main problem with this system is the
overwhelming reliance on the supplier of the system.

Open software systems have gained popularity because of

the inter-operability they bring to the system. Interoperability
is the ability to mix different manufacturers’ equipment on
the same system.

The widely used open software for SCADA systems are Citect
and Wonderware.

Key features of SCADA Software are

 User interfaces
 Graphics displays
 Alarms
 Trends
 RTU (and PLC) interface
 Scalability
 Access to data
 Database
 Networking
 Fault tolerance and redundancy
 Client/server distributed processing
https://lappconnect.lappgroup.com/en/expertise/single-pair-ethernet-iiot/

Impressed? Before jumping on SPE, the following should be noted:

 As a potential user, you should already look at the new technology, identify
fields of application and discuss these requirements with manufacturers
such as LAPP. System decisions are now being made and the manufacturers
need the customers’ requirements for system design.
 Users should now expand their technological knowledge of SPE.
Manufacturers and the Industrial Partner Network already offer extensive
information material such as webinars or e-learning. SPE technology is
currently developing very rapidly – we should stay on the ball.
 Think outside the box. Things that previously seemed unthinkable are now
possible. SPE is not only about reducing it to two cores, but also completely
new network structures are possible: trunk capability, power over dataline
(PoDL) or longer cable lengths are just a few examples. Anyone who stays
abreast of the new possibilities and deploys them in their application can
benefit from them as much as possible.
 On the other hand: Not every installation needs to be implemented in a
single pair, just because this is possible. We should rather keep the entire
Ethernet network in mind in production. In many cases, a 4-pair Ethernet
installation still makes sense to avoid installing a “bottleneck”, just to save
some copper. Users should remember that standard Ethernet devices must
still be able to connect in the event of future plant expansion.
At a glance
The benefits of Single Pair Ethernet

 Networking with TCP/IP without system disruptions

 Every field participant can be addressed via IP
 Suitable for real-time critical applications thanks to TSN
 Substitute for the proliferation of proprietary fieldbuses
 Large distances up to 1000 metres
 This enables more flexibility in cabling and requires fewer switches
 Power supply to terminal devices via the same cable using PoDL
 Sustainable thanks to the omission of batteries compared to wireless
systems
 Less material and weight
 Flexible and space-saving, e.g. in drag chains
 Easier and error-free installation
 Saves assembly time
 Higher operational reliability
 More economical
Field Bus Communication
by SivaranjithSeptember 19, 20180650

SHARE0

It is a data communication that aims to reduce or prevent failure in several

loops. This results in the failure of a loop to affect the other control loops.
The use of Fieldbus also functions as savings on cable routing because the
addressing system carried out by Fieldbus allows many devices to
communicate via one cable pair. Unlike HART technology, Fieldbus does not
do linearization data that occurs on HART technology by using 4-20 mA
analog signals to be converted, while Fieldbus technology uses data
programming. You could say Fieldbus technology relies more on software
engineers from all sides, such as checking, sending data in the control unit,
calibrating, etc.

An automated complex of industrial systems such as manufacturing

assembly lines usually requires an organized hierarchy of control systems. In
this hierarchy, there is usually a Human Machine Interface (HMI) at the top,
where the operator can monitor or operate the system. This is usually
related to the middle layer of a programmable logic controller (PLC) through
a non-time-critical communication system (eg Ethernet). At the bottom of the
control chain is the Fieldbus that connects the PLC to the components that
actually do the job, such as sensors, actuators, electric motors, console
lights, switches, valves and contractors.

Organized Hierarchy The Fieldbus Control System works on network

structures that normally allow daisy-chains, stars, rings, branches. Previously
computers connected using RS-232 (serial connection) with only two devices
can communicate.

This would be the equivalent of the currently used 4-20 mA communication

scheme which requires each device to have its own communication point at
the controller level, while Fieldbus is equivalent to the current LAN-type
connection, which only requires one communication point at the controller
level and allows several ( hundreds) of analog and digital points to be
connected at the same time.

This reduces both the length of the cable needed and the number of cables
needed. Furthermore, because devices that communicate through fieldbus
require a microprocessor, some points are usually provided by the same
device. Some Fieldbus devices now support control schemes such as PID
controls on the side of the device, not forcing the controller to process. There
are various kinds of Fieldbus standards. Some of the most widely used
include:

1. AS-Interface
2. CAN
3. Interbus
4. LonWorks
5. Modbus
6. Profibus
7. BITBUS
8. CompoNet
9. SafetyBUS p
10. SERCOS interface
11. RAPIEnet

The last edition of the IEC IEC 61158 standard allows 8 technologies. This is a
multiple layer hierarchy of automation protocols.

AS-Interface:
AS-Interface (Actuator Sensor Interface, AS-i) is an industrial network
solution (physical layer, data access method and protocol) used in PLC, DCS
and PC based automation systems. It is designed to connect simple I / O
devices (binaries such as ON / OFF devices such as actuators, sensors, rotary
encoders, analog inputs and outputs, push buttons, and valve position
sensors) in discrete manufacturing and process applications using 2 single-
conductor cable.

AS-Interface is an ‘open’ technology that is supported by many automation

equipment vendors.

CAN bus (Controller Area Network):

CAN bus is a message-based protocol, designed specifically for automotive
applications but now also used in other areas such as industrial automation
and medical equipment. CAN bus development began initially in 1983 at
Robert Bosch GmbH. [1] This protocol was officially released in 1986 at the
congress’s Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in Detroit.

The CAN bus is one of five protocols used in OBD-II vehicle diagnostic
standards.

ModBus:
is a serial communication protocol published by Modicon in 1979 for use with
logic programmable controllers (PLC). Simple and powerful, it has since
become one of the standard de facto communication protocols in industry,
and is now among the most common ways available to connect industrial
electronic devices. The main reasons for the wide use of Modbus in an
industrial environment are:

 It has been developed with industrial applications in mind

 It is openly published and royalty free
 It is easy to deploy and maintain
 Raw bits or words move without placing many restrictions on the vendor
Modbus allows for communication between multiple departures (around 240)
connected to the same network, for example a system that measures
temperature and humidity and communicates the results to a computer.
Modbus is often used to connect surveillance computers with remote
terminal units (RTUs) in system control and data acquisition (SCADA). Many
types of data are named for their use.

Profibus:
Profibus (Field Bus Process) is the standard for bus communication in
automation technology and firstly promoted in 1989 by BMBF (German
education and research department) and then used by Siemens. It should
not be confused with the PROFINET standard for the Ethernet Industry.
Profibus is not an open and royalty-free open protocol as older ones like
Modbus.

https://us.profinet.com/profinet-cables-requirements-specifications-and-types/
cable selection
https://www.nve.com/isoapps-485