ELEMENTARY STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Multiple Choices
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What type of sampling is being used if VSUA students are divided into different groups according to their colleges and
a sample is chosen from each college to be surveyed?
A. stratified B. cluster C. random D. systematic
2. The rating as to strongly agree to strongly disagree is an example of what level of measurement?
A. Ratio B. Interval C. Nominal D. Ordinal
3. What measure of central tendency can best describe the most saleable scientific calculator?
A. Mean B. Median C. Mode D. Mean and Mode
4. Which of the following measure is NOT equal to the other measure?
A. 4th quartile B. median C. 50th percentile D. 5th decile
5. 16,3,19,3,9 What is the median mode and mean?
A. Median-3 Mode-9 Mean 10 C. Median-5 Mode 10 Mean-3
B. Median-2 Mode-none Mean-4 D. Median-9 Mode-3 Mean-10
6. What is the computed standard deviation of the set of scores 99, 100, 105, 107, 110, 112, and 126?
A. 5.9 B. 6.2 C. 6.4 D. 9.1
7. A basketball team scored a total of 6944 points in a certain number of games. If they averaged 112 points per game,
how many games did they play?
A. 56 B. 58 C. 60 D. 62
8. What can you infer from a measure of variability obtained in a population?
A. The grades are very scattered. C. The population is very homogeneous.
B. The measures are very unstable. D. The range of scores is a very reliable measure of variability.
9. Bernard obtained a 97 percentile rank in an aptitude test. This means
A. He answered 97% of the items correctly.
B. He belongs to the 97% of the group who took the test.
C. 79% of the examinees did better than her on the test.
D. He surpassed 97% of those who took the test.
10. Which among the following measures of central tendency is NOT influenced by an extremely low score.
A. Mean B. Median C. Mode D. Range
11. What is the computed sample standard deviation of a set of scores 120, 123, 132, 135, 140, 149, 150
A. 10.83 B. 11.70 C. 117.29 D. 136.89
12. The correlation coefficient is used to determine
A. the strength of relationship between two variables
B. the proximity of the relationship between two variables
C. the specific value of one variable given the other variable
D. whether one variable is better than the other
13. Three measures were recorded as 53, 60, and 58. What additional measure should be added so that the average of
the four measures will be 60?
A. 69 B. 65 C. 68 D. 71
14. If you classified the course preference as BSED, BEED, BSA, BSES, this would be an example of which level of
measurement?
A. Interval B. Ratio C. Ordinal D. Nominal
15. Which of the following measures how scattered is the data set?
A. Central Tendency B. Variation C. Location D. Correlation
16. Who among the following is considered to be the founder of probability theory?
A. Galileo Galilei B. Jerome Cardan C. Chevalier de Mere’ D. Blaise Pascal
17. What is the set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment?
A. Events B. Sample Space C. Trial D. Outcome
18. What type of probability uses a knowledge of sample spaces as opposed to experiments to determine the numerical
probability that an event will occur?
A. classical probability C. conditional probability
B. subjective probability D. empirical probability
19. The statement, "The probability that a certain sports team will win it's next game is about 60%," is an example of
A. classical probability C. conditional probability
B. subjective probability D. empirical probability
20. Tree diagrams are useful for
A. ordering outcomes from lowest to highest.
B. showing that the outcome is the set of all possible sample spaces.
C. finding all possible outcomes in a probability experiment involving several steps.
D. illustrating the law of large numbers.
21. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about probability?
A. The probability of an impossible event is 0.
B. Probability can be greater than 1 or less than 0.
C. Probability cannot be greater than 1.
D. None of the above
22. If one event occurs, another event cannot happen, i.e., the events that cannot occur simultaneously are called as
A. Dependent Events C. Equally likely events
 B. Mutually exclusive events D. Independent events
23. Which event describes the situation below?
Drawing a card from a deck and getting a queen, replacing it, and drawing a second card and getting a queen
A. Dependent Events C. Not Mutually exclusive events
B. Mutually exclusive events D. Independent events
24. Conditional probability is used in which of the following events?
A. Dependent Events C. Not Mutually exclusive events
B. Mutually exclusive events D. Independent events
25. Jacob Bernoulli proved that as the number of trial increases, the empirical probability gets close to the result of a
classical probability. This situation is known as
A. Law of large events C. Law of large numbers
B. Law of large outcomes D. Law of large trials
26. How many outcomes are there in the sample space if a coin is tossed once and a die is rolled?
A. 10 B. 4 C. 12 D. 36
27. If the probability that it will rain tomorrow is 0.39, what is the probability that it will not rain tomorrow?
A. -0.39 B. 1.39 C. 0.39 D. 0.61
28. Find the probability of getting a number greater than 4 when a die is rolled one time.
A. 2/3 B. 1/3 C. 1/6 D. 1/2
29. If two dice are rolled one time, find the probability of getting a sum less than 5.
A. 1/3 B. 1/6 C. 5/36 D. 7/36
30. If a card is drawn from an ordinary deck of cards, what is the probability that the card is a diamond?
A. 1/2 B. 1/4 C. 1/5 D. 1/3
31. According to a survey, 43% of teenagers could recognize a picture of legendary film star Tom Cruz. What is the
probability that a randomly-selected teenager could recognize Tom Cruz?
A. 0.01 B. 0.75 C. 0.43 D. 0.57
32. In a poll of 416 university students, 170 said that they were opposed to legalizing marijuana. What is the probability
that a surveyed student opposes legalization of marijuana?
A. 0.409 B. 0.591 C. 0.309 D. 0.691
33. A section of an exam contains two multiple-choice questions, each with three answer choices (listed "A", "B", and
"C"). List all the outcomes of the sample space.
A. {A, B, C} C. {AB, AC, BA, BC, CA, CB}
B. {AA, AB, AC, BA, BB, BC, CA, CB, CC} D. {AA, AB, AC, BB, BC, CC}
34. A coin is tossed 758 times and comes up heads 409 times. Use the Empirical Method to approximate the probability
that the coin comes up heads.
A. 0.46 B. 0.54 C. 0.35 D. 0.5
35. If a family has three children, find the probability that all the children are girls.
A. 1/8 B. 1/3 C. 1/2 D. 1/9
36. Given that A and B are events such that P(A)=0.6, P(B)=0.3, and P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)=0.2, then find 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵).
A. 2/3 B. 1/3 C. 3/4 D. 1/4
37. Three cards are drawn from a deck without replacement. Find the probability that all are jacks.
A. 0.75 B. 0.016 C. 0.014 D. 0.013
38. A supermarket employs cashiers, managers, and cleaner. The distribution of employees according to marital status is
shown below.
Cashier Manager Cleaner Total
Married 8 12 3 23
Not Married 5 15 2 22
Total 13 27 5 45
Find the probability that a cleaner is NOT married.
A. 5/45 B. 1/11 C. 2/45 D. 5/22
39. Urn 1 contains 5 red balls and 3 black balls. Urn 2 contains 3 red balls and 1 black ball. Urn 3 contains 4 red balls and
2 black balls. If an urn is selected at random and a ball is drawn. Find the probability it will be red?
A. 2/3 B. 49/72 C. 23/72 D. 49/24
40. Which of the following involves arrangement?
A. Combination B. Permutation C. Factorial D. Probability
41. There are 2 and 4 possible roads going from city A to city B and from city A to C, respectively. Going to D, there are 4
and 5 roads from city B and C, respectively. How many possible ways are there to go from A to D given that you will
pass through B or C?
A. 45 B. 32 C. 16 D. 28
42. How many 5 digit numbers can be formed by using digits 1,2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 if one digit is used only once in one
number?
A. 320 B. 360 C. 720 D. 7,776
43. How many ways can 9 people be seated in a row?
A. 9 B. 45 C. 362,880 D. 388, 620
44. In how many ways can 4 persons be seated in a room were there are 8 seats?
A. 70 B. 1,680 C. 32 D. 1,860
45. What is the number of permutations of the letters in the word VISAYAS?
A. 1,260 B. 1,620 C. 5,040 D. 2,520
46. Three different colored flags can be hung in a row to make a coded signal. How many signals can be made if a signal
consists of the display of one or more flags?
 A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 15
47. In how many ways can 10 people be seated in a round table with 10 seats?
A. 8! B. 9! C. 10! D. 11!
48. How many committees can be formed by choosing 4 men from an organization of a membership of 15 men?
A. 1536 B. 1365 C. 37,260 D. 32,760
49. In how many ways can an association with 15 directors select a committee of 5 members with different positions?
A. 3,003 B. 32, 760 C. 360, 360 D. 3, 603, 600
50. Five different mathematics books, 4 different ProfEd books and 2 different GenEd books are to be placed in a shelf of
the same subject together. Find the number of ways in which the books can be placed.
A. 292 B. 5760 C. 34560 D. 12870
51. Which of the following is/are TRUE about normal distribution?
I. It is bell-shaped and unimodal.
II. The curve is mesokurtic.
III. The skewness is 0.
A. I only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, III
52. It measures of whether the data are heavy-tailed or light-tailed relative to a normal distribution.
A. Skewness B. Kurtosis C. Dispersion D. Normality
53. In a positively skewed distribution, the following statement are true EXCEPT
A. Median is higher than the mode. C. Mean is lower than the Mode.
B. Mean is higher than the Media. D. Mean is not lower than the Mode.
54. Use the standard normal distribution to find P(0 < z < 2.25).
A. 0.8817 B. 0.5122 C. 0.4878 D. 0.7888
55. IQ test scores are normally distributed with a mean of 96 and a standard deviation of 19. An individualʹs IQ score is
found to be 125. Find the z-score corresponding to this value.
A. -0.66 B. 1.53 C. 0.66 D. -1.53
56. In which test did Maria perform better relative to the performance of the class?
Subject Score Mean Score of the Class Standard Deviation
Math 39 30 3.1
English 43 40 2.3
PE 48 47 1.8
Science 40 41 2.5
A. Math B. English C. PE D. Science
57. The average height of the 500 youth attendees is 53 inches and the standard deviation is 4 inches. If the variable is
normally distributed, approximately how many attendees have a height less than 57 inches?
A. 171 B. 421 C.241 D. 342
58. A statement made about a population for testing purpose is called?
A. Statistic B. Hypothesis C. Level of Significance D. Test-Statistic
59. The alternative hypothesis is stated as “There is no significant relationship between study time preference and
academic ranks.”. Which type of test is appropriate?
A. Two-tailed B. One-tailed C. Zero-tailed D. Three-tailed
60. Type 1 error occurs when
A. We reject H0 if it is True C. We accept H0 if it is True
B. We reject H0 if it is False D. We accept H0 if it is False
61. Suppose that we reject a null hypothesis at the 5% level of significance. For which of the following levels of
significance do we also reject the null hypothesis?
A. 6% B. 2.5% C. 4% D. 3%
62. A result is called “statistically significant” whenever
A. The null hypothesis is true. C. The p-value is less to the significance level.
B. The alternative hypothesis is true. D. The p-value is larger than the significance level.
63. The hypothesis that states that “There is no significant difference between the scores of Class A and Class B.” can be
expressed as
A. 𝐻𝑎 : ̅̅̅
𝑥1 = ̅̅̅
𝑥2 B. 𝐻𝑎 : ̅̅̅
𝑥1 ≠ ̅̅̅
𝑥2 C. 𝐻0 : ̅̅̅
𝑥1 = ̅̅̅
𝑥2 D. 𝐻0 : ̅̅̅
𝑥1 ≠ ̅̅̅
𝑥2
64. Which of the following tests is appropriate to use when the objective of the study is
“To improve the mathematical problem-solving skills using peer-tutoring”?
A. T-test B. Correlation C. Regression D. Proportions
65. A chi-square test is used to determine the relationship between study time preference (vacant time at school, evening,
early in the morning) and academic ranks (low performer, average performer, and high performer). Which of the
following is the most appropriate measure to test the strength of relationship?
A. Cramer’s V B. Phi-Coefficient C. Spearman rho D. Contingency coefficient
66. Below is the normality result after, which of the following is the appropriate interpretation?

Test of Normality (Shapiro-Wilk)

W p
Group 1 - Group 2 0.9388 0.0466

A. The data sets are normally distributed. C. The data sets are not normally distributed.
67. Suppose the data is normally distributed for the following results, which of the following is the appropriate
interpretation?
 Paired Samples T-Test
Measure 1 Measure 2 T df P
Group 1 - Group 2 -5.3868 35 < .001
Note. Student's t-test.
A. The null hypothesis is rejected. C. The null hypothesis is not rejected.

68. The Levene’s test result is shown in the table below. Which is an appropriate interpretation?
Test of Equality of Variances (Levene's)
F df1 df2 P
Scores 0.4459 1 70 0.5065

A. The data sets have equal variances. B. The data sets do not have equal variances.

69. Which interpretation is appropriate for the table below.

Test of Normality (Shapiro-Wilk)
W p
Scores Group 1 0.9713 0.4632
Group 2 0.9755 0.5936

A. The two data sets are normally distributed. B. The two data sets are not normally distributed.
70. With the normality and equality of variance test results shown in the two preceding items, which appropriate to test the
hypothesis?
A. Independent t-test is appropriate to test the C. Mann-Whitney U Test is appropriate to use.
B. Welch Test is appropriate to test
71. If the null hypothesis is stated as, “There is no significant difference between the Group 1 and Group 2 performance
scores.”, which alternative hypothesis must be checked?
A. Group 1≠ Group 2 B. Group 1 < Group 2 C. Group 1 > Group 2
72. Suppose all the assumptions of the independent t-test were satisfied and the results are shown below. Which is an
appropriate interpretation.

Independent Samples T-Test

T df p Cohen's d
Scores -2.3842 70 0.0099 -0.5620

A. There is no significant difference between the Group 1 and Group 2 performance scores.
B. There is a significant difference between the Group 1 and Group 2 performance scores.
73. Which interpretation best describes the scatter diagram below?
A. Group 1 scores is positively related with Group 2 scores.
B. Group 1 scores is negatively related with Group 2 scores.
C. Group 1 scores is not related with Group 2 scores.
74. Suppose the assumption of Pearson’s r was satisfied, which best interprets the result below

Pearson's Correlations
Pearson's r p
Group 1 - Group 2 0.8060 < .001

A. There is a significant relationship between Group 1 and Group 2.

B. There is no significant relationship between Group 1 and Group 2.

75. The table below shows a chi-square test result. Which interpretation below is appropriate?
Chi-Squared Tests
Value df p
Χ² 27.9281 6 < .001
Cramer's V 0.2849
N 172

A. There is a significant positive weak relationship between variable 1 and variable 2.

B. There is a significant positive high relationship between variable 1 and variable 2.
C. There is a significant negative weak relationship between variable 1 and variable 2.
D. There is a positive weak relationship but not significant.
Good luck and God Bless!