01/10/2024, 17:26 Copy of Project 4 : House Price Prediction.

ipynb - Colab

Importing the Dependencies

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import sklearn.datasets
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from xgboost import XGBRegressor
from sklearn import metrics

Importing the Boston House Price Dataset

house_price_dataset = sklearn.datasets.fetch_california_housing()

print(house_price_dataset)

{'data': array([[ 8.3252 , 41. , 6.98412698, ..., 2.55555556,

37.88 , -122.23 ],
[ 8.3014 , 21. , 6.23813708, ..., 2.10984183,
37.86 , -122.22 ],
[ 7.2574 , 52. , 8.28813559, ..., 2.80225989,
37.85 , -122.24 ],
...,
[ 1.7 , 17. , 5.20554273, ..., 2.3256351 ,
39.43 , -121.22 ],
[ 1.8672 , 18. , 5.32951289, ..., 2.12320917,
39.43 , -121.32 ],
[ 2.3886 , 16. , 5.25471698, ..., 2.61698113,
39.37 , -121.24 ]]), 'target': array([4.526, 3.585, 3.521, ..., 0.923, 0.847, 0.894]), 'frame': None, 'target_na

# Loading the dataset to a Pandas DataFrame

house_price_dataframe = pd.DataFrame(house_price_dataset.data, columns = house_price_dataset.feature_names)

# Print First 5 rows of our DataFrame

house_price_dataframe.head()

MedInc HouseAge AveRooms AveBedrms Population AveOccup Latitude Longitude

0 8.3252 41.0 6.984127 1.023810 322.0 2.555556 37.88 -122.23

1 8.3014 21.0 6.238137 0.971880 2401.0 2.109842 37.86 -122.22

2 7.2574 52.0 8.288136 1.073446 496.0 2.802260 37.85 -122.24

3 5.6431 52.0 5.817352 1.073059 558.0 2.547945 37.85 -122.25

4 3 8462 52 0 6 281853 1 081081 565 0 2 181467 37 85 -122 25

Next steps: Generate code with house_price_dataframe

toggle_off View recommended plots New interactive sheet

# add the target (price) column to the DataFrame

house_price_dataframe['price'] = house_price_dataset.target

house_price_dataframe.head()

MedInc HouseAge AveRooms AveBedrms Population AveOccup Latitude Longitude price

0 8.3252 41.0 6.984127 1.023810 322.0 2.555556 37.88 -122.23 4.526

1 8.3014 21.0 6.238137 0.971880 2401.0 2.109842 37.86 -122.22 3.585

2 7.2574 52.0 8.288136 1.073446 496.0 2.802260 37.85 -122.24 3.521

3 5.6431 52.0 5.817352 1.073059 558.0 2.547945 37.85 -122.25 3.413

4 3 8462 52 0 6 281853 1 081081 565 0 2 181467 37 85 -122 25 3 422

Next steps: Generate code with house_price_dataframe

toggle_off View recommended plots New interactive sheet

# checking the number of rows and Columns in the data frame

house_price_dataframe.shape

(20640, 9)

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01/10/2024, 17:26 Copy of Project 4 : House Price Prediction.ipynb - Colab
# check for missing values
house_price_dataframe.isnull().sum()

MedInc 0

HouseAge 0

AveRooms 0

AveBedrms 0

Population 0

AveOccup 0

Latitude 0

Longitude 0

price 0

# statistical measures of the dataset

house_price_dataframe.describe()

MedInc HouseAge AveRooms AveBedrms Population AveOccup Latitude Longitude price

count 20640.000000 20640.000000 20640.000000 20640.000000 20640.000000 20640.000000 20640.000000 20640.000000 20640.000000

mean 3.870671 28.639486 5.429000 1.096675 1425.476744 3.070655 35.631861 -119.569704 2.068558

std 1.899822 12.585558 2.474173 0.473911 1132.462122 10.386050 2.135952 2.003532 1.153956

min 0.499900 1.000000 0.846154 0.333333 3.000000 0.692308 32.540000 -124.350000 0.149990

25% 2.563400 18.000000 4.440716 1.006079 787.000000 2.429741 33.930000 -121.800000 1.196000

50% 3.534800 29.000000 5.229129 1.048780 1166.000000 2.818116 34.260000 -118.490000 1.797000

75% 4.743250 37.000000 6.052381 1.099526 1725.000000 3.282261 37.710000 -118.010000 2.647250

max 15 000100 52 000000 141 909091 34 066667 35682 000000 1243 333333 41 950000 -114 310000 5 000010

Understanding the correlation between various features in the dataset

1. Positive Correlation

2. Negative Correlation

correlation = house_price_dataframe.corr()

# constructing a heatmap to nderstand the correlation

plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
sns.heatmap(correlation, cbar=True, square=True, fmt='.1f', annot=True, annot_kws={'size':8}, cmap='Blues')

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01/10/2024, 17:26 Copy of Project 4 : House Price Prediction.ipynb - Colab

<Axes: >

Splitting the data and Target

X = house_price_dataframe.drop(['price'], axis=1)
Y = house_price_dataframe['price']

print(X)
print(Y)

MedInc HouseAge AveRooms AveBedrms Population AveOccup Latitude \

0 8.3252 41.0 6.984127 1.023810 322.0 2.555556 37.88
1 8.3014 21.0 6.238137 0.971880 2401.0 2.109842 37.86
2 7.2574 52.0 8.288136 1.073446 496.0 2.802260 37.85
3 5.6431 52.0 5.817352 1.073059 558.0 2.547945 37.85
4 3.8462 52.0 6.281853 1.081081 565.0 2.181467 37.85
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
20635 1.5603 25.0 5.045455 1.133333 845.0 2.560606 39.48
20636 2.5568 18.0 6.114035 1.315789 356.0 3.122807 39.49
20637 1.7000 17.0 5.205543 1.120092 1007.0 2.325635 39.43
20638 1.8672 18.0 5.329513 1.171920 741.0 2.123209 39.43
20639 2.3886 16.0 5.254717 1.162264 1387.0 2.616981 39.37

Longitude
0 -122.23
1 -122.22
2 -122.24
3 -122.25
4 -122.25
... ...
20635 -121.09
20636 -121.21
20637 -121.22
20638 -121.32
20639 -121.24

[20640 rows x 8 columns]

0 4.526
1 3.585
2 3.521

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01/10/2024, 17:26 Copy of Project 4 : House Price Prediction.ipynb - Colab
3 3.413
4 3.422
...
20635 0.781
20636 0.771
20637 0.923
20638 0.847
20639 0.894
Name: price, Length: 20640, dtype: float64

Splitting the data into Training data and Test data

X_train, X_test, Y_train, Y_test = train_test_split(X, Y, test_size = 0.2, random_state = 2)

print(X.shape, X_train.shape, X_test.shape)

(506, 13) (404, 13) (102, 13)

Model Training

XGBoost Regressor

# loading the model

model = XGBRegressor()

# training the model with X_train

model.fit(X_train, Y_train)

▾ XGBRegressor i

XGBRegressor(base_score=None, booster=None, callbacks=None,

colsample_bylevel=None, colsample_bynode=None,
colsample_bytree=None, device=None, early_stopping_rounds=None,
enable_categorical=False, eval_metric=None, feature_types=None,
gamma=None, grow_policy=None, importance_type=None,
interaction_constraints=None, learning_rate=None, max_bin=None,
max_cat_threshold=None, max_cat_to_onehot=None,
max_delta_step=None, max_depth=None, max_leaves=None,
min_child_weight=None, missing=nan, monotone_constraints=None,
multi_strategy=None, n_estimators=None, n_jobs=None,
num parallel tree=None, random state=None, ...)

Evaluation

Prediction on training data

# accuracy for prediction on training data

training_data_prediction = model.predict(X_train)

print(training_data_prediction)

[0.5523039 3.0850039 0.5835302 ... 1.9204227 1.952873 0.6768683]

# R squared error
score_1 = metrics.r2_score(Y_train, training_data_prediction)

# Mean Absolute Error

score_2 = metrics.mean_absolute_error(Y_train, training_data_prediction)

print("R squared error : ", score_1)

print('Mean Absolute Error : ', score_2)

R squared error : 0.943650140819218

Mean Absolute Error : 0.1933648700612105

Visualizing the actual Prices and predicted prices

plt.scatter(Y_train, training_data_prediction)
plt.xlabel("Actual Prices")
plt.ylabel("Predicted Prices")
plt.title("Actual Price vs Preicted Price")
plt.show()

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Prediction on Test Data

# accuracy for prediction on test data

test_data_prediction = model.predict(X_test)

# R squared error
score_1 = metrics.r2_score(Y_test, test_data_prediction)

# Mean Absolute Error

score_2 = metrics.mean_absolute_error(Y_test, test_data_prediction)

print("R squared error : ", score_1)

print('Mean Absolute Error : ', score_2)

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