Science and Technology and Nation Building

Lesson Objectives

• Discuss the role of science and technology in Philippine

nation building;

• Evaluate government policies pertaining to S&T in terms of

their contributions to nation-building; and

• Identify actual S&T policies of the government and appraise

their impact on the development of the Filipino nation.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

PRE-SPANISH ERA
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES THEN AND NOW

Click the link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zi_yWetmdtA
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• The early inhabitants of the

archipelago had their own
culture and traditions.
• Own belief system and
indigenous knowledge
• Keeps them organized and
sustained their lives and
communities for many
years.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Science in Pre-Spanish
Philippines

• Embedded in the way of life

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• They already had an alphabet,

number system, a weighing and
measuring system and a calendar

• Filipinos were already engaged in

farming, shipbuilding, mining and
weaving.

• The Banaue Rice Terraces are among

the sophisticated products of
engineering by pre-Spanish era
Filipinos.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

SCIENCE in Pre-Spanish
Philippines:
• Planting crops that provide them
food
• Taking care of animals
• Food production
• Interpret the movements of
heavenly bodies to predict seasons
and climates
• Medicinal uses of plants
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

TECHNOLOGY:
• Building houses
• Irrigations
• Developing tools
• Musical
instruments
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

TREE HOUSE

• To keep safe from

enemies and wild
animals

• Ladders are hoisted in

at night
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Metal Age influence

• Gold and silver jewelry
• Trading with other countries
 Indigenous or Folk Science
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Spanish Rule
• Brought
their own
culture and
practices
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

– Established schools and introduced the concepts of

subjects and disciplines

– Learning of science in school focuses on understanding

different concepts related to the human body, plants,
animals and heavenly bodies.

– Technology focuses on using and developing house

tools
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Life during the Spanish era

– Became modernized

• Filipinos replicated
technology brought by
the Spaniards using
indigenous materials.

• Medicine and advanced science

were introduced in formal
colleges and universities
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Galleon Trade
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Galleon Trade
• The galleon trade was supplied by merchants largely from
port areas of Fujian who traveled to Manila to sell the
Spaniards spices, porcelain, ivory, processed silk cloth and
other valuable commodities.

• From 1565 to 1815, the galleon trade contributed to the

change of culture, language and environment for both
Philippines and Mexico.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Galleon Trade

PORCELAIN IVORY SILK SPICES

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. Only

two galleons were used:
• One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some
500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at
sea;
• the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco with
some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90
days at sea.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• The country became

one of the centers of
global trade in SEA
– One of the most
developed places in the
region.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Superstitious beliefs and Catholic doctrines and practices

halted the growth of science in the country.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

American Period

• More influence in the

Development of S&T
compared to the Spaniards
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

American Period

• Public education system

• Improved engineering works and health conditions of the
people
• Established a modern research university, the University of
the Philippines and more public hospitals
• Mineral resources were explored and exploited
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

“Americanize” the Filipinos

• Reorganized the learning of science

• In basic education, science education focuses on nature

studies and science and sanitation

• Improved and modernized higher education with

researches on the control of malaria, cholera, TB and
other tropical diseases
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

HEALTH AND SANITATION

• Filipinos learned the

value of cleanliness,
proper hygiene, and
healthy practices

• Hospitals, clinics, and health

centers were established
including hospitals for lepers
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

INFRASTRUCTURE

• Americans built roads,

streets, and bridges
• The new infrastructure helped
make the movement of products
and services more efficient
• Boulevards, zone districts, and
centers of leisure were also
established
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

WORLD WAR 2
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

World War 2

• The country had a

difficult time to rebuild
itself from the ruins of
the war.

• The human spirit to survive and

to rebuild the country may be
strong but the capacity of the
country to bring back what was
destroyed was limited.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

New Republic

• Focusing on using its limited resources

in improving S&T capability

• Use of Overseas Development

Allocation to improve scientific
productivity and technological
capability

• Human resource development

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

INFLUENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF S & T IN THE PHILIPPINES

External Influences
• Foreign
Internal Influences Colonizers
• Survival Developmentof
Development • Traders with
• Culture of S&T
S&Tininthe
the Foreign
• Economic Philippines
Philippines Countries
Activities • International
Economic
demands
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

How does school science

shape Science and
Technology in our
country?
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

• Introduced and implemented

programs, projects and policies to
boost science and technology.

• GOAL: prepare the whole country and its

people to meet the demands of a
technologically driven world and
capacitate the people to live in a world
driven by science.
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

• In response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda, the

government, particularly the DOST, has sought the
expertise of the NRCP to consult various sectors in
the society to study how the Philippines can prepare
itself in meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals.
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The NRCP clustered these policies into four:
1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education,
International Policies and Governance

2. Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth

and Space Sciences, and Mathematics

3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry

GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education,
International Policies and Governance
• Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education
without adding to the curriculum
• Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue
• Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT
broadband
• Local food security
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
2. Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research,
Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics
• Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment
opportunities
• Outright grants for peer monitoring
• Review of RA 9184
• Harnessing science and technology as an
independent mover of development
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN-
harmonized standards by full implementation of the FDA
• Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of
pharmaceutical services and care
• Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based
research as pool of information
• Allocating 2% of the GDP to research
• Legislating a law supporting human genome projects
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry
• Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full
implementation of existing laws
• Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN
countries
• Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and
indigenous people’s conservation
• Formulation of common food and safety
standards
Any question?
 Activity

GROUP ACTIVITY:

6 groups: Each will be assigned to a president.

Identify some achievements in the field of science and technology

under the assigned administration and trace how they helped
shape the Philippines as a nation.
• FERDINAND MARCOS
• CORAZON C. AQUINO
• FIDEL V. RAMOS
• GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO
• BENIGNO S. AQUINO III
• RODRIGO DUTERTE