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Mathlab - 4

The document outlines an experiment focused on understanding matrix concepts, specifically the rank of a matrix and the properties of upper and lower triangular matrices. It explains how to determine the rank using Gaussian elimination and provides examples of transforming matrices into upper triangular form. Additionally, it includes algorithms for these transformations and Python programming tasks related to matrix manipulation.

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Yash Sharma
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12 views9 pages

Mathlab - 4

The document outlines an experiment focused on understanding matrix concepts, specifically the rank of a matrix and the properties of upper and lower triangular matrices. It explains how to determine the rank using Gaussian elimination and provides examples of transforming matrices into upper triangular form. Additionally, it includes algorithms for these transformations and Python programming tasks related to matrix manipulation.

Uploaded by

Yash Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT-4

Aim of the experiment: -


understanding the concepts of matrix
Theory:-
Rank of a Matrix:
To determine the rank of a matrix, you can use Gaussian elimination or row reduction
to transform the matrix into row echelon form (REF) or reduced row echelon form
(RREF). The number of non-zero rows in this form is the rank of the matrix.
Another method to determine the rank is by finding the largest square submatrix
with a non-zero determinant.
Upper Triangular Matrix:
An upper triangular matrix can be used to simplify the process of solving systems of
linear equations. If the matrix is in upper triangular form, you can use back
substitution to find the solutions more efficiently.
The determinant of an upper triangular matrix is the product of its diagonal
elements.
Lower Triangular Matrix:
Similarly, a lower triangular matrix can be used to simplify solving systems of linear
equations. If the matrix is in lower triangular form, you can use forward substitution
to find the solutions.
The determinant of a lower triangular matrix is also the product of its diagonal
elements.
Q1: What is the rank of a matrix? Explain with example.
Solution: The rank of a matrix is the number of non-zero rows in its row echelon form
(i.e., after applying row operations to convert it into an upper triangular form). It tells
us how many independent rows (or columns) exist in the matrix.
Example:
When we simplify it using row operations, the second row becomes zero because it is
a multiple of the first row. So, the rank of this matrix is 1 (since only one non-zero row
remains).
Q2: How to find the rank of a matrix? Explain with example.
Solution: To find the rank of a matrix, follow these steps:
1. Convert the matrix into row echelon form (upper triangular form) using row
operations.
2. Count the number of non-zero rows in the transformed matrix.
Example:

After row operations, it becomes:

So, Here, there are two non-zero rows, so the rank of the matrix is 2.
Q3: What is an upper triangular matrix and lower triangular matrix? Explain with
example.
Solution: Upper Triangular Matrix: A matrix where all elements below the
diagonal are zero.
Example:

Lower Triangular Matrix: A matrix where all elements above the diagonal are
zero.
Example:
Q4: Write the algorithm to transform a matrix into its upper triangular form with
example.

Solution:
Example:

After row operations, we get:

This is now in upper triangular form.


Q5: How to find the rank of a matrix after transforming into its upper triangular
form?
Solution:
1. Convert the matrix into upper triangular form using row operations.
2. Count the number of non-zero rows in the resulting matrix.
Example:

After conversion to upper triangular form:

Since there are two non-zero rows, the rank of the matrix is 2.
Q6: Transform the following matrices into their upper triangular form and also
find the rank by Algorithm.
Solution:
Transform the given matrices into upper triangular form and find their rank using
an algorithm.
We will convert each matrix into upper triangular form using row operations and
then find the rank by counting the number of non-zero rows.
Matrix A:

1: Make the elements below the first pivot (1) zero


Subtract 5 times the first row from the second row, 9 times from the third row, and
13 times from the fourth row.

2: Make the elements below the second pivot (-4) zero


Divide the second row by -4 to get 1 in the pivot position, then subtract
appropriate multiples from the rows below.

Since there are two non-zero rows, Rank(A) = 2.


Matrix B:

we get:

Since there are five non-zero rows, Rank(B) = 5.


Matrix C:
After row operations:

Since there are two non-zero rows, Rank(C) = 2.


Matrix D:

After row operations:

Since there are two non-zero rows, Rank(D) = 2.


Matrix E:

After row operations:


Since there are two non-zero rows, Rank(E) = 2.
Q7: Write a Python program to transform a matrix into its upper triangular form
in Python and verify it for the given matrices.
Solution:

Output:
Q8: Write a Python program to find the rank of a matrix after transforming into
its upper triangular form in Python and verify it for the given matrices.
Solution:

Output:

SUBMITTED BY
Name:-SOMYA RANJAN SAHOO
Redg no:-2301020835
Branch:-CSE(AI&DS)
Group:-6

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