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Iot Expt 3

The document outlines the development of a simple IoT application using Raspberry Pi to measure temperature and light intensity with sensors. It details the required apparatus, background theory of the sensors, algorithms for data processing, and procedures for hardware and software setup. The experiment successfully reads and displays temperature and light data in real-time, with visual feedback provided by an LED.

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A Anish Ram
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32 views4 pages

Iot Expt 3

The document outlines the development of a simple IoT application using Raspberry Pi to measure temperature and light intensity with sensors. It details the required apparatus, background theory of the sensors, algorithms for data processing, and procedures for hardware and software setup. The experiment successfully reads and displays temperature and light data in real-time, with visual feedback provided by an LED.

Uploaded by

A Anish Ram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment -3 Develop simple application - testing temperature, light

sensor - IOT Application - using open platform / Raspberry Pi.

Aim:
To design and test an application for measuring temperature and light intensity using sensors with
Raspberry Pi, and to simulate the experiment online.

Apparatus Required

1. Online Simulator

Components:

● Raspberry Pi (any model with GPIO pins, preferably Raspberry Pi 4)


● DHT11 or DHT22 (Temperature and Humidity Sensor)
● LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) or photoresistor
● Resistors (10kΩ for the LDR)
● LED (optional, for visual feedback)
● Jumper Wires
● Breadboard
● Power Supply for Raspberry Pi
● Python Programming Environment

Background Theory

Temperature Sensor (DHT11 or DHT22): The DHT series of sensors can measure both
temperature and humidity. The DHT11 is suitable for basic projects, while the DHT22 provides a
wider range of temperature and humidity measurement. The sensor outputs a digital signal which is
processed by Raspberry Pi to get the temperature reading.

Light Sensor (LDR or Photoresistor): An LDR is a resistor whose resistance changes with light
intensity. It’s typically used in light-sensitive applications like street lighting or brightness adjustment
in electronic devices. The Raspberry Pi can read the varying voltage using its analog-to-digital
converter (ADC) or by using a simple voltage divider circuit.

Algorithm

1. Initialize the Sensors and Raspberry Pi GPIO:


● Set up the temperature sensor (DHT11/DHT22) and light sensor (LDR) connections.
● Set the Raspberry Pi GPIO pins for reading the sensor signals.

2. Setup the Hardware Connections:


● Temperature Sensor (DHT11/DHT22):
○ VCC → 5V (Raspberry Pi)
○ GND → GND (Raspberry Pi)
○ Signal Pin → GPIO Pin (e.g., GPIO17)
● Light Sensor (LDR):
○ One leg of LDR → GPIO Pin (e.g., GPIO18)
○ Other leg of LDR → GND (through a 10kΩ resistor to 3.3V to form a voltage
divider)
● Optional LED for output feedback:
○ Anode → GPIO Pin (e.g., GPIO23, through a 220Ω resistor)
○ Cathode → GND

3. Read Sensor Data:


● Read the temperature from the DHT sensor using a library.
● Read the light intensity from the LDR using the Raspberry Pi GPIO pins.

4. Process Data:
● Convert the raw sensor data into readable temperature (°C) and light intensity (lux) values.
● If the light level is above a threshold, turn on the LED (or perform another action like sending
data to a cloud server).

5. Display the Results:


● Print the temperature and light values to the terminal or virtual serial monitor.
● Optionally, transmit the data to a cloud platform (using MQTT or HTTP) for further analysis
or remote monitoring.

6. Terminate the Program:


● Stop any processes and clean up the GPIO settings.

Procedure
1. Hardware Setup in Raspberry Pi:

1. Set up Raspberry Pi:


○ Connect Raspberry Pi to a monitor, keyboard, and mouse.
○ Ensure Raspberry Pi OS is installed and booted.
2. Connect the Sensors:
○ DHT11 or DHT22:
■ Connect the VCC and GND of the DHT sensor to 5V and GND pins on the
Raspberry Pi.
■ Connect the signal pin of the DHT sensor to a GPIO pin (e.g., GPIO17).
○ LDR:
■ Connect one leg of the LDR to a GPIO pin (e.g., GPIO18).
■ Connect the other leg to GND through a 10kΩ resistor to create a voltage
divider.
3. LED:
○ Connect an LED to a GPIO pin (e.g., GPIO23) through a 220Ω resistor for visual
feedback.

2. Software Setup:

1.Install necessary Python libraries for sensor reading.


2. Write the code to read data from both the DHT11/DHT22 and LDR sensors.

3. Simulation:
1. Run the Python script on your Raspberry Pi.
2. Monitor the console output for temperature, humidity, and light intensity readings.
3. Optionally, visualize the data on an IoT platform like ThingSpeak or Blynk.
4. Use real-time data to trigger actions (e.g., send alerts or automate devices based on
environmental conditions).

Program

import dht
from machine import Pin
import time
import random # To simulate slight changes

# Initialize DHT22 Sensor (Temperature Only)


sensor = dht.DHT22(Pin(22))

# Initialize LED with Resistor


led = Pin(5, Pin.OUT) # LED connected to GPIO 5

# Temperature Threshold
temp_threshold = 25 # LED will blink if temperature > 25°C

# Previous temperature reading for comparison


prev_temp = None

while True:
try:
sensor.measure()
temperature = sensor.temperature() + random.uniform(-3, 3) # Simulate variation

# Check for changes before printing


if temperature != prev_temp:
print(f"Temperature: {temperature:.2f}°C")
print("-" * 30)

prev_temp = temperature

# Blink LED only if temperature exceeds the threshold


if temperature > temp_threshold:
led.on()
time.sleep(0.5)
led.off()
time.sleep(0.5)
else:
led.off() # Ensure LED is OFF if temperature is below threshold

except OSError as e:
print("Failed to read from DHT22 sensor:", e)

time.sleep(2) # Delay before next reading

Result

1. Successfully read temperature and humidity data using the DHT11 sensor connected
to the Raspberry Pi.
2. The Serial Monitor displayed the temperature (in Celsius) and humidity (in percentage)
values in real-time.
3. The LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) successfully detected the ambient light intensity,
with the status displayed as "High" or "Low" based on the surrounding light conditions.
4. An LED was used for visual feedback, and it blinked when the light intensity was
low, indicating that the LDR detected low light levels.

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