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GPT4 Architecture

GPT-4 is a state-of-the-art language model utilizing a Transformer architecture optimized for text generation and understanding. It processes input through tokenization, embedding, and multiple stacked transformer decoder layers, employing mechanisms like multi-head self-attention and feed-forward networks. For specific tasks, GPT-4 includes a classification head that maps outputs to predefined classes using a dense layer and softmax activation.

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58 views2 pages

GPT4 Architecture

GPT-4 is a state-of-the-art language model utilizing a Transformer architecture optimized for text generation and understanding. It processes input through tokenization, embedding, and multiple stacked transformer decoder layers, employing mechanisms like multi-head self-attention and feed-forward networks. For specific tasks, GPT-4 includes a classification head that maps outputs to predefined classes using a dense layer and softmax activation.

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ayomide.adekoya
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GPT-4 Architecture Overview

Introduction
GPT-4, short for Generative Pretrained Transformer 4, is a state-of-the-art language model
developed for various natural language processing tasks. It utilizes the Transformer
architecture with decoder-only layers, optimized for text generation and understanding.
This document explains GPT-4's architecture by detailing its input processing, embedding,
transformer encoding layers, and classification heads.

Input Processing
Input to GPT-4 begins with raw text, which is tokenized into smaller units such as words or
subwords. Tokenization allows the model to process text as numerical data. GPT-4 employs
a byte-pair encoding (BPE) tokenizer, which converts text into a sequence of tokens. For
instance, the sentence 'Hello World!' could be tokenized as [15496, 995].

Embedding and Positional Encoding


Tokens are converted into dense vector representations called embeddings. GPT-4 uses
learned positional encodings to preserve the order of tokens in a sequence. The final input
representation for each token is the sum of its token embedding and positional encoding.

Mathematically, the embedding for token t at position i is represented as:


Embedding_i = E_t + P_i
where E_t is the token embedding, and P_i is the positional encoding.

Transformer Encoder Layers


GPT-4's core consists of multiple stacked transformer decoder layers. Each layer includes
the following components:

1. Multi-Head Self-Attention: Captures relationships between tokens by attending to all


tokens in the sequence.
2. Feed-Forward Networks (FFN): Applies non-linear transformations to the self-attention
output.
3. Layer Normalization: Stabilizes training by normalizing outputs.
4. Residual Connections: Helps preserve gradients during backpropagation.

The attention mechanism is computed as:


Attention(Q, K, V) = softmax(QK^T / sqrt(d_k))V
where Q, K, and V are the query, key, and value matrices.

Classification Head
For specific tasks like text classification, GPT-4 uses a classification head. This head maps
the output of the transformer layers to a fixed number of classes. The classification process
involves a dense layer followed by a softmax activation to generate probabilities for each
class.

Illustrations and Code Examples


Below is a conceptual diagram of the GPT-4 architecture, followed by a Python code snippet
demonstrating the transformer block.

[Insert GPT-4 Architecture Diagram Here]

Code Example (Simplified Transformer Layer in PyTorch):

import torch
from torch import nn

class TransformerBlock(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, embed_size, heads, dropout, forward_expansion):
super(TransformerBlock, self).__init__()
self.attention = nn.MultiheadAttention(embed_dim=embed_size, num_heads=heads)
self.norm1 = nn.LayerNorm(embed_size)
self.norm2 = nn.LayerNorm(embed_size)
self.feed_forward = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(embed_size, forward_expansion * embed_size),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(forward_expansion * embed_size, embed_size)
)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)

def forward(self, value, key, query):


attention = self.attention(query, key, value)[0]
x = self.dropout(self.norm1(attention + query))
forward = self.feed_forward(x)
out = self.dropout(self.norm2(forward + x))
return out

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