2 marks

1)Features of MS Word

Text Formatting: Allows users to change font style, size, color, alignment, and spacing for
better readability and presentation.

Spell Check & Grammar Check: Helps users identify and correct spelling and grammar
errors in a document.

2)A hanging indentation is a type of paragraph formatting where the first line of a paragraph
is aligned to the left margin, while all subsequent lines are indented. It is commonly used in
bibliographies and reference lists (e.g., MLA or APA citations).

Steps to Apply Hanging Indentation in MS Word:

1. Select the paragraph.

2. Go to the Home tab Click on the Paragraph dialog box launcher.
3. Under Indentation, select Hanging from the "Special" dropdown.
4. Click OK to apply.

3) macros on wodrd:A macro is a recorded sequence of commands or actions that can be

executed automatically to perform repetitive tasks in MS Word. It helps improve efficiency
by reducing manual work.

Steps to Create a Macro:

1. Click on the View tab Select Macros Click Record Macro.

2. Name the macro and assign it to a button or shortcut key.
3. Perform the actions you want to record.
4. Click Stop Recording when done

4)A worksheet is a single sheet within an Excel workbook that consists of rows and columns
where users can enter and manipulate data. It is commonly used for calculations, data
analysis, and visualization.

5)A relative cell reference in Excel means that when a formula is copied from one cell to
another, the referenced cell automatically changes relative to its new position.

6)Filtering in Excel:Filtering is a feature in Excel that allows users to display only specific
data based on conditions while hiding the rest. It helps in analyzing large datasets efficiently.

Steps to Apply a Filter:

1. Select the data range.

2. Click on the Data tab Select Filter.
3. Click on the dropdown arrow in a column header and choose filter options.
7)Goal Seek is a tool in Excel that allows users to determine the required input value to
achieve a specific result in a formula.

8)Goal Seek Function:Goal Seek is found under the Data tab in the What-If Analysis
section. It is useful for financial modeling, budgeting, and forecasting.

Steps to Use Goal Seek:

1. Click on the Data tab Select What-If Analysis Click Goal Seek.
2. In the "Set cell" box, select the cell containing the formula.
3. In the "To value" box, enter the desired target value.
4. In the "By changing cell" box, select the input cell to be adjusted.
5. Click OK, and Excel will calculate the required input.

9)A logical error occurs when a program or formula runs without crashing but produces
incorrect or unintended results due to an error in logic. These errors are difficult to detect
because they do not generate error messages.

10)Entrance Animation is an effect in PowerPoint that makes objects (text, images, shapes)
appear on the slide in a specific manner. Examples include "Fade In," "Fly In," and
"Bounce." These animations help create engaging presentations.

Steps to Apply Entrance Animation:

1. Select the object in PowerPoint.

2. Click on the Animations tab.
3. Choose an entrance animation from the list.

11)Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an early form of real-time text communication over the
internet, allowing multiple users to chat in channels (chat rooms). It was widely used in the
1990s for online discussions, file sharing, and group communication.

12)DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a high-speed internet connection that transmits data
over traditional telephone lines. Unlike dial-up, it allows simultaneous internet and voice
communication.

Types of DSL:

 ADSL (Asymmetric DSL): Faster download speed than upload speed.

 SDSL (Symmetric DSL): Equal upload and download speeds.

13)Gopher is an early internet protocol used for searching and retrieving documents before
the World Wide Web became popular. It provided a menu-driven interface to access text-
based information stored on different servers.

14)WAIS (Wide Area Information Server) is a document indexing and retrieval system
used before modern search engines. It allowed users to search multiple databases using
keywords to find relevant documents.
15)A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the web address used to access websites and
online resources.

Example:
https://www.google.com is the URL for Google.

Structure of a URL:

 Protocol: https:// (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

 Domain Name: www.google.com (Website name)
 Path (Optional): /search (Specific page or directory)

16)The Ribbon is the toolbar at the top of Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint that
contains tabs, groups, and commands for different functions.

Key Parts of the Ribbon:

 Tabs: Home, Insert, Design, Layout, etc.

 Groups: Collections of related commands (e.g., Font group under the Home tab).
 Commands: Buttons and options to perform tasks (e.g., Bold, Italic, Copy).

17)AutoRecover is a feature in MS Office that automatically saves a temporary copy of your

document at regular intervals. This helps recover unsaved changes in case of a crash or power
failure.

How to Enable AutoRecover:

1. Click File Options.

2. Go to Save settings.
3. Check Save AutoRecover information every X minutes.

18)Right indentation moves the right margin of a paragraph inward, controlling how far the
text extends to the right.

Steps to Apply Right Indentation in MS Word:

1. Select the paragraph.

2. Go to the Layout tab.
3. In the Indentation section, set the Right Indent value.

19)Mail Merge is a feature in MS Word that allows users to create personalized letters,
emails, or labels using a data source (e.g., Excel or Access).

Steps to Use Mail Merge:

1. Click Mailings Start Mail Merge.

2. Select the document type (letters, labels, envelopes, etc.).
3. Connect to a data source (Excel file, Outlook contacts).
4. Insert merge fields (e.g., name, address).
5. Preview and finish the merge.
20)An absolute cell reference in Excel keeps a specific cell fixed when copying formulas. It
uses the $ symbol (e.g., $A$1).

21)A workbook in Excel is a file that contains multiple worksheets (spreadsheets). Each
worksheet consists of rows and columns for data entry and calculations.

22)Freezing Panes in Excel allows users to lock specific rows or columns so they remain
visible while scrolling through large datasets.

Steps to Freeze Panes:

1. Select the row below or column to the right of the section you want to freeze.
2. Go to the View tab Click Freeze Panes.
3. Choose Freeze Top Row, Freeze First Column, or Freeze Panes.

23)The FV (Future Value) function in Excel calculates the future value of an investment
based on periodic payments and a fixed interest rate.

Syntax:
=FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])

 rate – Interest rate per period.

 nper – Number of payment periods.
 pmt – Payment per period (optional).
 pv – Present value (optional).
 type – 0 (end of period) or 1 (beginning of period).

24)A runtime error occurs while a program is running, usually due to invalid operations,
memory issues, or software bugs.

25)Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation software that allows users to create slideshows

with text, images, animations, and multimedia. It is widely used for business, education, and
personal presentations.

26)WordArt is a decorative text feature in MS Word, PowerPoint, and Excel that allows
users to create stylized text with effects such as shadows, outlines, gradients, and 3D rotation.

Steps to Insert WordArt in PowerPoint/Word:

1. Click Insert Select WordArt.

2. Choose a WordArt style.
3. Enter text and customize it.

27)motion Paths are animation effects in PowerPoint that allow objects to move along a
defined path (e.g., straight, circular, or custom paths).

Steps to Add a Motion Path:

1. Select an object.
2. Click on the Animations tab.
 3. Choose Motion Paths Select a path or draw a custom one.
4. Adjust the speed and direction of movement.

28)The Animation Pane in PowerPoint provides a list of all animations in a slide and allows
users to control their order, timing, and effects.

How to Open Animation Pane:

1. Click Animations Select Animation Pane.

2. View and manage animations in the side panel.

29)The Slide Master in PowerPoint controls the layout, design, and formatting of multiple
slides at once. It helps maintain consistency across presentations.

Steps to Use Slide Master:

1. Click View Slide Master.

2. Edit the master slide (change fonts, background, layouts).
3. Close Slide Master to apply changes to all slides.

30)A router is a networking device that connects multiple devices to the internet or a local
network (LAN). It directs data packets between networks and ensures efficient
communication.

Functions of a Router:

 Connects devices to the internet via Wi-Fi or Ethernet.

 Assigns IP addresses to devices.
 Ensures network security through firewalls and encryption.

31)Ms-word is a word processor & is a constituent of MS—office software. MS word 2010 is

helpful to create & edit personal & business documents, such as letters, reports, invoices,
emails & books . by default, documents saved in word 2010 are saved with the .docx extension
32)The Quick Access Toolbar is located above the ribbon. It contain common
commands such as save, undo & repeat commands. This is a convenient place for keeping the
most frequently used commands in word. We can also add other
commands to make our work more convenient

33) undo & redoThe Undo feature is used to undo the previous action & the repeat or redo
feature is used to repeat the previous action.
34)Clip art:Microsoft word provides images that we can use, free of charge, called Clip Art.

35)Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application used to process business & financial

transaction of various kinds. To carry out various tasks, MS Excel organizes each
one of its workbooks into worksheets. A workbook may contain just one
worksheet or it may consist of lot worksheets.