1920/203 STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING November 2021 ‘Time: 3 hours . THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CRAFT CERTIFICATE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MODULE IL STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING 3 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES, This paper consists of 15 (FIFTEEN) questions in TWO Sections: A and B Answer ALL the questions in section A and any FOUR in section B in the answer booklet provided. Candidate should answer the questions in English o This paper consists of 4 printed pages. | Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing. © 2021 The Kenya National Examinations Council ‘Turn over9. 10. SECTION A (40 Marks) Answer all questions in this section (@) Outline three types of C sokens used in a C program, G marks) {b) Outline the use of each of the following operators in a C program: (relational; i) logical; (2 marks) State three differences between a character and a string constant as used in a C program. (G marks) Outline three disadvantages of a low level programming language. G marks) Joan used linked list data structures in her program. Outline four advantages she is likely to realise from using this data structures, (4 marks) Explain one reason that would make a programmer use of each of the following escape sequence operators in a C program: am Ge (4 marks) ‘The surface area of a cuboid is obtained by using the formula 2/width x length + length x height + height x width). Write a C program that would declare the dimesions and compute the surface area of the cuboid and display on the sereen given that the length =10,width =20 and height = 40. (4 marks) Johnson intends to name identifiers when writing a C program. Outline three rules that he should observe. (3 marks) Explain two ways of defining constants in a € program. (4 marks) Distinguish between a pointer and an iterator as used in C programming, (4 marks) (2) Outline three advantages of using a call by reference method as used in a C programming language. (marks) (b) John a programming student opted to use an objected oriented programming language to write a program. Outline three features of this language that he is likely to use. G marks)© @ 127 @) (b) (©) (d) 1920/203 November 2021 SECTION B (60 marks) Answer any FOUR questions in this section (i) Explain the term sorting as used in C programming data structures. (mark) (ii) State four examples of sorting techniques used in data structures. (2 marks) Figure | shows a binary tree having the nodes A, B, C, D and E, Use it to answer the questions that follow. Figure | Using the figure, state two characteristics of the binary tree. (2 marks) Differentiate between an assembler and a compiler as used in programming. (4 marks) Explain three disadvantages of not following a program development life cycle during the development of software (6 marks) State the format specifies used with a printf statement to display each of the following: (i) avalue of an integer; (i) astring variable; (iii) a hexadecimal value. (G marks) poe Distinguish between top down and batiom up program design approach as used in programming. way = (4 marks) State one reason for performing each of the following program testing when developing a program: (i) seeurity; (ii) functional. (4: marks) Anne would like to include pointers in a program she is writing. Outline four advantages of using pointers. (4 marks) 3 ‘Turn over0) () @) My @) ) CG) 4; « (b) © 1920/203 ‘The following is a syntax of a structure statement in a C program, Use it to answer the question that follows: Student-firstname State the function of the dot(.) operator in the statement. (2 marks) Explain the function of each of the following declared function prototype statements in aC program: (float area(int int) (ii) int sum(int). (4 marks) A student used expressions in a C program that he developed. Outline three types of expressions that he may have used. G marks) Write a C program that would prompt for 5 numbers one after the other and print the sum of the numbers using an array. (6 marks) Outline three advantages of structures in a C program. (G marks) Jane documented a program she developed using a C programming language. Describe three types of documentations she may have included. (6 marks) Write a C program that would display the following pattern when executed. Use a fi loop statement. it 22 33 44 (6 marks) Distinguish between prinyf() and putchar( function as used in C programming, language (4 marks) Explain the function of each of the following commands in a C program: (curly braces; A Gi) return 0; (iii) #include (6 marks) Write a C program that accepts a string of 10 characters and prints the first and last character of the string. (5 marks) Kein ©) THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE. a November 2021 + MH —“_Seee