Python MMN

Types of Inheritance
In Python, based upon the number of child and parent classes involved, there
are five types of inheritance. The types of inheritance are listed below:

1. Single inheritance
2. Multiple Inheritance
3. Multilevel inheritance
4. Hierarchical Inheritance
5. Hybrid Inheritance

Single Inheritance
In single inheritance, a child class inherits from a single-parent class. Here
is one child class and one parent class.

Parent Class

Child Class

Python Single Inheritance

Example

Let’s create one parent class called Vehicle and one child class called Car to
implement single inheritance.

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# Base class
class Vehicle:
def Vehicle_info(self):
print('Inside Vehicle class')

# Child class
class Car(Vehicle):
def car_info(self):
print('Inside Car class')

# Create object of Car

car = Car()

# access Vehicle's info using car object

car.Vehicle_info()
car.car_info()

Output

Inside Vehicle class

Inside Car class

Multiple Inheritance
In multiple inheritance, one child class can inherit from multiple parent
classes. So here is one child class and multiple parent classes.

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Example

# Parent class 1
class Person:
def person_info(self, name, age):
print('Inside Person class')
print('Name:', name, 'Age:', age)

# Parent class 2
class Company:
def company_info(self, company_name, location):
print('Inside Company class')
print('Name:', company_name, 'location:', location)

# Child class
class Employee(Person, Company):
def Employee_info(self, salary, skill):
print('Inside Employee class')
print('Salary:', salary, 'Skill:', skill)

# Create object of Employee

emp = Employee()

# access data
emp.person_info('Jessa', 28)
emp.company_info('Google', 'Atlanta')
emp.Employee_info(12000, 'Machine Learning')

Output

Inside Person class

Name: Jessa Age: 28

Inside Company class

Name: Google location: Atlanta

Inside Employee class

Salary: 12000 Skill: Machine Learning

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In the above example, we created two parent

classes Person and Company respectively. Then we create one child
called Employee which inherits from Person and Company classes.

Multilevel inheritance
In multilevel inheritance, a class inherits from a child class or derived class.
Suppose three classes A, B, C. A is the superclass, B is the child class of A, C is the
child class of B.

In other words, we can say a chain of classes is called multilevel

inheritance.

Example

# Base class
class Vehicle:
def Vehicle_info(self):
print('Inside Vehicle class')

# Child class
class Car(Vehicle):
def car_info(self):
print('Inside Car class')

# Child class
class SportsCar(Car):
def sports_car_info(self):
print('Inside SportsCar class')

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# Create object of SportsCar

s_car = SportsCar()

# access Vehicle's and Car info using SportsCar object

s_car.Vehicle_info()
s_car.car_info()
s_car.sports_car_info()

Output

Inside Vehicle class

Inside Car class

Inside SportsCar class

 In the above example, we can see there are three classes

named Vehicle, Car, SportsCar.
 Vehicle is the superclass, Car is a child of Vehicle, SportsCar is a child of Car.
 So we can see the chaining of classes.

Hierarchical Inheritance
In Hierarchical inheritance, more than one child class is derived from a
single parent class. In other words, we can say one parent class and multiple child
classes.

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Example

Let’s create ‘Vehicle’ as a parent class and two child class ‘Car’ and ‘Truck’ as a
parent class.

class Vehicle:
def info(self):
print("This is Vehicle")

class Car(Vehicle):
def car_info(self, name):
print("Car name is:", name)

class Truck(Vehicle):
def truck_info(self, name):
print("Truck name is:", name)

obj1 = Car()
obj1.info()
obj1.car_info('BMW')

obj2 = Truck()
obj2.info()
obj2.truck_info('Ford')

Output

This is Vehicle

Car name is: BMW

This is Vehicle

Truck name is: Ford

Hybrid Inheritance
When inheritance is consists of multiple types or a combination of different
inheritance is called hybrid inheritance.

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Example

class Vehicle:
def vehicle_info(self):
print("Inside Vehicle class")

class Car(Vehicle):
def car_info(self):
print("Inside Car class")

class Truck(Vehicle):
def truck_info(self):
print("Inside Truck class")

# Sports Car can inherits properties of Vehicle and Car

class SportsCar(Car, Vehicle):
def sports_car_info(self):
print("Inside SportsCar class")

# create object
s_car = SportsCar()

s_car.vehicle_info()
s_car.car_info()
s_car.sports_car_info()

Note: In the above example, hierarchical and multiple inheritance exists. Here
we created, parent class Vehicle and two child classes named Car and Truck this is
hierarchical inheritance.

Another is SportsCar inherit from two parent classes named Car and Vehicle.
This is multiple inheritances.

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