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Module 7

The document covers the principles of static equilibrium in coplanar concurrent force systems, detailing the conditions and equations necessary for analysis. It outlines the procedure for determining unknown forces through free-body diagrams and equilibrium equations, and introduces graphical methods like the Triangle and Polygonal Laws. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises to reinforce understanding of equilibrium concepts.

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Zeeshan Ahmed
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Module 7

The document covers the principles of static equilibrium in coplanar concurrent force systems, detailing the conditions and equations necessary for analysis. It outlines the procedure for determining unknown forces through free-body diagrams and equilibrium equations, and introduces graphical methods like the Triangle and Polygonal Laws. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises to reinforce understanding of equilibrium concepts.

Uploaded by

Zeeshan Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Engineering and Technology

Peshawar, Pakistan

CE-117: Engineering Mechanics

MODULE 7:

Equilibrium of particles
(concurrent force system)

1
Lecture Objectives

To learn determining unknown (reactions or/and applied


forces) in Coplanar concurrent force system under Static
Equilibrium
stAtic equiLibrium

If a system of forces acting on a body, keeps the body in


a state of rest or in a state of uniform motion along a
straight line, then the system of forces is said to be in
Static Equilibrium (simply referred to as Equilibrium).

3
equiLibrium cOnditiOns
The Coplanar force system (in x-y plane) under Static
Equilibrium shall follow the follow eqns. of equilibrium:
ΣFx =0 , ΣFy =0 and ΣMo = 0

The summations in above given Eqs. must include all the


forces that act on the body—both the applied forces and
the reactions (the forces provided by supports).

4
PrOcedure FOr equiLibrium
AnALYsis OF FOrce sYstems
Step 1: Draw a free-body diagram (FBD) of the body that
shows all the applied and reaction forces and couples that
act on the body.

Step 2: Write the equilibrium equations in terms of the


forces and couples that appear on the free-body diagram.

Step 3: Solve the equilibrium equations for the unknowns

5
GrAPhicAL methOds FOr equiLibrium AnALYsis

Triangle Law: If three forces are in equilibrium, then, they form a


closed triangle when represented in a Tip to Tail arrangement, as shown
in below Figure
F2
F2
F1 F1
F3 F1
F3 F1
Polygonal Law: If more than three forces are in equilibrium, then,
they form a closed polygon when represented in a Tip to Tail
arrangement, as shown in below Figure
F
F33 F
F22
F1
F1
F44
F
F55 F1 6
F
LAmi’s theOrem
If a system of Three forces is in equilibrium, then, each force
of the system is proportional to sine of the angle between
the other two forces (and constant of proportionality is the
same for all the forces). Thus, with reference to Figure, we
have: F3 F2

α
β γ

This theorm is not valid for a system of more than or less than 3 forces.

F1

Note: While using Lami’s theorem, all the three forces


should be either directed away or all directed towards the
point of concurrence.
equiLibrium cOnditiOns FOr
cOncurrent FOrce sYstem
 In case of Coplanar Concurrent force system, following
equations can be used more conveniently to determine
unknown reactions
y x

ΣFx =0 , ΣFy =0

 ΣMO = 0 can be used to verify the result.

 Moment centre O shall be any point other than point


of intersection of forces and reactions
8
9
PrObLem 7.1

The device shown is used to straighten the frames of


wrecked autos. Determine the tension of each segment
of the chain, i.e., AB and BC, if the force which the
hydraulic cylinder DB exerts on point B is 3.50 kN, as
shown.

10
steP1: Fbd

Draw the FBD of a point at which the unknown


forces, FAB and FBC acts

FAB

β
α
FBC
3.5 kN
α = Tan-1 |400/450| = 41.63o
β = Tan-1 |250/450| = 29.06o

11
steP2: deveLOP equiLibrium eqns.
FBC Sin 29.06o
3.5 Sin 41.63o

3.5 Cos 41.63o

FBC Cos 29.06o


 ΣFx= 0
-FAB+3.5 Sin 41.63o-FBC Sin 29.06o=0
FAB = 2.325 -0.486FBC

 ΣFy= 0
3.5 Cos 41.63o+FBCCos 29.06o=0
FBC= - 3 kN
12
steP2 . cOndt;

 -ve sign indicate the correct direction of FBC is


apposite to the assumed one. However, instead of
revising the calculations it is more appropriate to
carry on with negative sign in rest of calculations work

 The resulting eqn from equilibrium along x-axis is:


FAB = 2.325 -0.486FBC = 2.325-0.343*(-3)
FAB = 3.78 kN (+ve sign indicate that the assumed
direction of FAB is correct

13
steP3 (OPtiOnAL): veriFY the resuLts
Moment centre to
ΣMD = -3.78*450+3.5*0 verify the results
-(-3 Sin29.06o*450) 3.78kN 3 Sin 29.06o
-(-3Cos29.06o*400)

3 Cos 29.06o
or ΣMD = 3.66 kN.mm ≈ 0
This indicate that our
calculations are correct.

Note: The small error in ΣMD is due to rounding off the value of
forces and angle. Using values up to 3 decimals (α = 41.634o , β =
29.055o) result in FBC= 2.993 KN & FAB= 3.779 kN. Using these
values in ΣMD reduce the error to 0.0833 kN.mm
14
PrObLem 7.2

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16
17
18
19
20
21
PrObLem 7.3

22
23
24
PrObLem 7.4

25
26
27
28
equiLibrium OF cOncurrent FOrce sYstems
exercise 7.1
1

Ans: FCD= 359N, FBD= 440 N,


FAB= 622 N, FBC = 228 N

29
equiLibrium OF cOncurrent FOrce sYstems
exercise 7.1
3

Ans: FBA=80.7 lb, FCD= 65.9 lb,


FBC= 57.1 lb, θ = 2.95o

4 Determine the values of α and θ so that the forces


shown in Figure will be in equilibrium.

Ans: α = 46.57o, θ =28.96o

30
equiLibrium OF cOncurrent FOrce sYstems
exercise 7.1
5

31

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