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Research Design

Chapter 3 outlines the research methodology used to gather data on the effects of climate change across various sectors of society. It details the descriptive research design, the diverse respondents, random sampling techniques, and the construction and validation of a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The chapter also describes the statistical treatment of the data, including frequency distribution, weighted mean, Likert scale, and ranking methods for analysis.

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6 views3 pages

Research Design

Chapter 3 outlines the research methodology used to gather data on the effects of climate change across various sectors of society. It details the descriptive research design, the diverse respondents, random sampling techniques, and the construction and validation of a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The chapter also describes the statistical treatment of the data, including frequency distribution, weighted mean, Likert scale, and ranking methods for analysis.

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orillashe
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CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methods and procedures of research employed to gather the needed data. It
includes the Research design, Respondent, Sampling Techniques, Instruments used with its construction,
validation and retrieval.

RESEARCH DESIGN
The researcher employed the Descriptive Method, which is defined by Ardales (2000) as a “process of
gathering facts concerning nature and status of anything that is of interest and importance”.

This method is employed to the respondents which are the Farmers, Businessmen, Teachers, Housewives
and students to have knowledge and perception towards the effect of climate change to different sectors
of society and how do this affect their life.

RESPONDENTS
The respondents were composed of Farmer, Businessmen,Teachers, Housewives and students.

The researcher were confident that these respondents had direct knowledge or ideas pertaining to the
effects of climate change to different sectors of society.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
The research used random sampling in order to describe a population with an equal probability of being
chosen as a respondent. It is applied to the Farmers, Businessmen, Teachers, Housewives and students
for this research and all of them are qualified to become a respondent. In this sampling technique, all
members of the population have an equal chance of being selected as subject. The entire process of
sampling is done in a single step with each subject selected independently of the other members of the
population.

INSTRUMENTS USED
To gather the needed data, the following instruments were employed:

QUESTIONNAIRE

It was the primary source of data. It contained questions that answered the problems stated in Chapter
1. The respondent checked a blank that corresponds to their answer to the question. The responses
were given numerical values, which were computed using the needed statistical tools.

CONSTRUCTION OF INSTRUMENT
To determine the variables and indicators to be used, the researcher read literature and studies related
to the subject of the study. The researcher prepared the initial draft of the questionnaire based on those
readings.

VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT
The final draft of the instrument was pre-tested to ten (10) trial respondents who were not part of the
sampled respondents. The purpose of the validation is to determine if there are items in the
questionnaire that are still unclear and skepticism.

ADMINISTRATION AND RETRIEVAL OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE


Once approved, the researcher personally administered the questionnaire. The researcher floats the
questionnaire to the Farmers, Businessmen, Teachers, Housewives and students which were retrieved or
collected for analysis.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA


The data yielded by the questionnaire were tallied tabulated and subjected to statistical treatment in
order to ensure validity, reliability, and interpretation. The data gathered were summarized, translated
and arranged using the following statistical technique.

1. FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION


This was used to determine the personal profile of the respondents, the perception towards the
effect of climate change to different sectors of the society.

P= f/N x 100

Where:
P= percentage
F= frequency
N= number of respondents

2. WEIGHTED MEAN
The responses of the respondents were categorized into five and given corresponding weight.
The weight where multiplied by the numbers of replies in each category and were added and
then divided to the total number of the respondents. To qualify the responses on the rating
scale, the five-point Likert scale methods of measuring attitudes were used. Each statement has
five responses, which were classified under the degree of frequency with 5,4,3,2,1. The
respondents reacted to every perception item by checking one of the five possible answers
responses. Thus, the score was the sum of the weight of the responses check.
Formula:

Wx= fw/N x 100

Where:

Wx= weighted mean


Fw= of the product of frequency
N= Number of respondents

3. Likert Scale
To qualify the respondents on the rating scale, the five point Likert scale methods of measuring
attitudes were used. Each statement has five responses, which were classified under the degree
of frequency with 5,4,3,2,1. The respondents reacted to every perception item by checking onre
of the five possible answer responses. Thus, the score was the sum of the weight of the
responses check.

POINTS/ WEIGHTED MEAN SCALE DESCRIPTION/ INTERPRETATION

4.50- 5.0 5 Very High Extent


3.50- 4.49 4 High Extent
2.50- 3.59 3 Moderate Extend
1.50- 2.49 2 Low Extend
1.0- 1.49 1 Ver Low Extend

Rating: this was to determine the order of perceptions of the respondents.

4. Ranking
This method was used to reinforce the description by percentage and decide the positional
importance of the items. The numbers were in decreasing or increasing order. The highest scores
were written first, followed by the next and so on. The frequency and percentage distribution
were ranked from highest to lowest in tabulated form.

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