Republic of the Philippines

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY- ANDREWS CAMPUS

College of Allied Health Sciences
Caritan, Tuguegarao City

CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY
Professor: Ethel Mangada
MICROBIAL TAXONOMY
o D. Class: contains similar
orders
Taxonomy
o E. Order: contains similar
 Area of biologic science comprising families
three distinct but highly interrelated o F. Family: contains similar
disciplines: genera
o Classification  Group of organisms that
 e.g, eukaryote, may contain multiple
prokaryote genera and consists of
o Nomenclature (naming) organisms with a
o Identification of organisms common attribute
 e.g., genotypic and  Example:
phenotypic identification Enterobacteriaceae,
 Orderly classification and grouping of Streptocaccaceae
organisms into taxa (categories) o G. Genus: contains similar
 Bases on similarities and differences in species
genotype and phenotype  Based on various genetic
and phenotypic
Carl von Linne / Carolus Linnaeus
characteristics shared
 Laid down the basic rules for among the species
taxonomic categories o H. Species: specific epithet
 Most basic of the
taxonomic groups and
Classification can be defined as a
collection of bacterial
 Method for organizing microorganisms
strains that share
into groups or taxa based on similar
common physiologic and
morphologic, physiologic, and genetic
genetic features and
traits
differ notably from other
 Hierarchical classification system
microbial species
consists of the following taxa
 Subspecies:
designations:
taxonomic
o A. Domain: Bacteria,
subgroups within
Archaebacteria, Eukarya
species
o B. Kingdom: contains similar
o Species
divisions or phyla
subdivided
based on
o C. Phylum: contains similar
phenotypic
classes; equivalent to the
with the
Division taxa

Zairacon M. Rosales RMT 2026 1

 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY- ANDREWS CAMPUS
College of Allied Health Sciences
Caritan, Tuguegarao City

CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY
Professor: Ethel Mangada
MICROBIAL TAXONOMY
following o The family
differences o A genus
o A. Biotype- o A specie
considered  Species definitions are distinguished
the same using DNA Profiling, including a
species nearly complete 16S rRNA sequence
with the in combination with phenotypic traits
same
characterist
ic genetic Nomenclature
makeup
that  Naming of microorganisms according
displays to established rules and guidelines set
differential forth in the International Code of
physiologic Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or
characterist Bacteriological Code (BC)
ics  Genus designation- first letter is
o B. always capitalized
 Species designation- first letter is
Serotype-
lowercase
based on
serologic **Two components are used simultaneously
differences and are printed in Italics or underlined in
script
Example: Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus
agalactiae, and Streptococcus bovis
Note: Dear King Philip Came Over For Good  When bacteria are referred to as a
Soup group, their names are neither
capitalized nor underlines (e.g.,
Example :
staphycocci)
Family: Micrococcaceae
Genus: Staphylocci
Specie: Staphyloccocus aureus
Identification
Note!
 Process by which microorganism’s key
 Diagnostic microbiologist traditionally features are delineated
emphasize placement and naming of
bacterial species intro three
(occasionally four or five) categories:

Zairacon M. Rosales RMT 2026 2

 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY- ANDREWS CAMPUS
College of Allied Health Sciences
Caritan, Tuguegarao City

CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY
Professor: Ethel Mangada
MICROBIAL TAXONOMY
 Process of discovering and recording
the traits of organisms so that they
may be placed in overall taxonomic
scheme
 Organism can be then assigned to the
most appropriate taxa (classification)
and can be given appropriate genus
and species names (nomenclaturw)
Identification Methods
 Genotypic characteristics- relate to
an organism’s genetic makeup,
including the nature of organism’s
genes and constituent nucleic acids

Examples: base sequencing of DNA or

RNA and DNA base composition ratio
to measure the degree of relatedness
of two organisms

extensive analytic procedures to be

detected

Phenotypic characteristics
 Based on features beyond the genetic
level and include both readily
observable characteristics and
characteristics that may require

Zairacon M. Rosales RMT 2026 3

 Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY- ANDREWS CAMPUS
College of Allied Health Sciences
Caritan, Tuguegarao City

CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY
Professor: Ethel Mangada
MICROBIAL TAXONOMY
Examples: macroscopic (colony
morphology on media) (e.g., E. coli- Major Characteristics Used in
greenish with metallic sheen ) and Taxonomy
microscopic (size, shape, arrangement
into groups or chains of organisms)  Classical Characteristics
morphology, staining characteristics o useful in routine identification of
(gram- positive or gram- negative), phylogenetic information
nutritional requirements, physiologic  Ex: morphology,
and biochemical characteristics, and physiology and
metabolism, ecology and
genetic analysis
o Phylogenetic and phyletic
classification is based on
evolutionary relationships
instead of general resemblance
 Molecular characteristics
o Based on the study of nucleic
acid composition and proteins

susceptibility or resistance to
antibiotics or chemicals

Zairacon M. Rosales RMT 2026 4