GEMS POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

(Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India, F. No Northern/2015/1-2474317051) NH-2,

Jogiya More, Ratanpura, Aurangabad, Bihar – 824 121

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

2020608A- BUILDING ELECTRIFICATION LAB

STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, BIHAR

VI SEMESTER DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG.
(Effective from Session 2020-23 Batch)

LABORATORY MANUAL

Prepared By
Mr. V. David Naik,
Lecturer - DEEE
 INDEX

Sl. No Content Page No

1. Teaching and Examinations Scheme 03

2. Syllabus -SBTE, Bihar 04

3. Course Outcomes 05

4. Identify, dismantle, sketch & assemble different Electrical accessories 06

5. Prepare Series Testing Board. 10

6. Select the Electric Wire Using Measuring and Testing Instruments for 12
Particular Applications.

7. Identify Cables of Different Current Ratings. 15

8. Prepare Wiring Installation on a board Showing Control of One Lamp, 21

One Fan, and one Socket from one Switchboard in a PVC surface
Conduit Wiring System.

9. Prepare Wiring Installation on a board. 23

10. Control One Lamp from two different places using PVC Surface Conduit 25
Wiring System.

11. Prepare Wiring for One Lamp for three different arrangements using a 27
two-way switch.

12. Perform go-down wiring for three blocks using PVC casing Capping. 29

13. Design 2 BHK residential installation Scheme and estimate the material 33
required. And draw the details required for installation on A4 Size Sheet.

14. Test Wiring Installation using Megger. 38

Prepared By Approved By
V. David Naik Mrs. Pameela M
Lecturer - EEE HoD/EEE

Page No. 2
 TEACHING AND EXAMINATIONS SCHEME

LABORATORY NAME Building Electrification Lab

LABORATORY CODE 2020608A

TEACHING
04
SCHEME Periods per Week

02
Hours of Exam.

Internal(A) 20
Practical (ESE)
External(B) 30
EXAMINATION
SCHEME 50
Total Marks (A+B)

20
Pass Marks in the Subject

02
Credits

Page No. 3
 ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP LAB (ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING GROUP )
Practical Credits

Full
No. of Periods Per Week
Marks : 50
Subject Code
2020608A L T P/S ESE : 50
02
- - 03 Internal : 20

- - External : 30

Course objectives :
The aim of this course is to help the student to attain the following industry identified competency
through various teaching learning experiences:
● Design electrical installation systems in building complexes.

CONTENTS: PRACTICAL

Practical’s :

1. Prepare a series testing board.

2. Select the electric wire using measuring and testing instruments for particular
applications.
3. Identify cables of different current ratings.
4. Prepare wiring installation on a board showing control of one lamp, one fan and one
socket from one switch board in the PVC surface conduit wiring system.
5. Prepare wiring installation aboard.
6. Control one lamp from two different places using a PVC surface conduit wiring
system.
7. Prepare wiring installation on a board. Control one lamp from three different places
using a PVC surface conduit wiring system.
8. Prepare wiring installation on aboard.
9. Perform go-down wiring for three blocks using PVC casing capping.
10. Design 2 BHK residential installation scheme and estimate the material required. And
draw the details required for installation on an A4 size sheet.
11. Test wiring installation using megger.

Page No. 4
Course Outcomes :-

CO ID Course Outcome Statement

CO 317.1 List the different types of tools, wires, cables and accessories for electrification.

CO 317.2 Prepare a series testing board, Godown wiring and One lamp controlled by two
switches.

CO 317.3 Prepare wiring installation on board showing one lamp, one fan and one socket with PVC
surface conduit.

CO 317.4 Design residential installation schemes and estimate the material required.

CO 317.5 Test wiring installation using megger.

CO - PO & PSO’s Mapping :-

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

CO 317.1 3 - - 2 1 - - 3 - -

CO 317.2 3 - 1 2 - - - 2 - -

CO 317.3 3 - 1 2 1 - - 3 - -

CO 317.4 3 - 2 2 1 - - 3 - -

CO 317.5 3 - - 2 - - - 2 - -

Page No. 5
 Exp. No. 01 Identify, Dismantle, Sketch & Assemble Different
Electrical Accessories

Aim:
To Identify, Dismantle, Sketch & Assemble Different Electrical Accessories.

Theory:
Electrical accessories are classified according to their uses. They are used for connecting
appliances.
1. Controlling Accessories
2. Holding Accessories
3. Safety Accessories
Accessories are used to take supplies.

Switch: - A switch makes or breaks an electrical circuit. It is used to switch ‘on’ or ‘off’ the supply of
electricity to an appliance. There are various switches such as surface, flush, ceiling, pull, push button,
and bed switches.

Surface switch: It is mounted on wooden boards fixed on the surface of a wall. It is of three types.

One-way switch: - It is used to control single circuits and lamps.

Two-way switch: - It is used to divert the flow of current to either of two directions. The two-way
switch can also be used to control one lamp from two different places as in the case of staircase wiring.

Intermediate switch: - It is used to control a lamp from more than two locations.

Flush switch: It is used for decorative purposes.

Bed switch: As the name indicates, it is used to switch ‘on’ the light from any place, other than
switch board or near the bed. This switch is connected through a flexible wire.

Holders: - A holder is of two types

Pendant holder : A Pendant Holder is a type of bulb holder that serves as a stylish and functional
solution for hanging decorative lights from the ceiling or wall. This type of bulb holder features a
portable wire that is attached to a ceiling rose, allowing you to easily suspend a light or lamp directly
from the wall or ceiling.

Batten holder : A batten holder is an electrical component. It is the light fittings that is hard wired to the
wiring in your home, café or space in which the light bulb is screwed into. Instead of fabric cable
connecting a lamp holder to the ceiling, a batten holder reduces the need to use electrical cord.

Ceiling Rose: - It is used to provide tapping to the pendant lamp– holder through the flexible wire or a
connection to a fluorescent tube.
Page No. 6
Socket outlet/plug: -The socket-outlet has an insulated base with the molded socket base having three
terminal sleeves.

Main switch: - A main switch is used to control the electrical circuit. Through the main switch, the
power in a building is controlled completely.

PVC casing-capping wiring Accessories: - PVC capping is done to cover the wires. It includes
casing also. This casing-capping wiring is also known as open wiring, as it is done outside the wall.
Materials required for PVC casing-capping wiring) include wire, casing enclosures made up of plastic,
capping made up of plastic, T. Joints VIR (Vulcanized Indian Rubber) or PVC (Polyvinyl chloride)
insulated wire, junction box, elbow, casing, and capping joints.

Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB): - A MCB is used in new constructions instead of the older types
of fuses. Circuit breakers are small devices used to control and protect the electrical panel and the
other devices from overflowing electrical power.

ICTP (Iron Clad Triple Pole) Switch: - It is used along with the energy meter to isolate the supply of
electricity automatically or manually.

Distribution Board: - A distribution board is a component of an electricity supply system that divides
an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for
each circuit in a common enclosure. A distribution board is also known as a panelboard, breaker panel,
or electric panel.

Conduit Wiring Accessories: -

GI (Galvanized Iron) wire, Elbow, Coupling, VIR (Vulcanized Indian Rubber) or PVC (Poly Vinyl
Chloride) insulated cables, Lock nut, Clip, Junction Box.

Page No. 7
Page No. 8
Result: -
All the electrical accessories are drawn, identified, dismantled and assembled successfully.

Page No. 9
 Exp. No. 02 Series Testing Board

AIM :

To Wire up a series of test boards.

TOOLS REQUIRED: -

Sl.No Name of Tool Specification Quantity

1 Screwdriver 200 mm 1no

2 combination plier 150 mm 1no

3 Line tester 500 v 1no

4 Wire stripper 1no

5 Poker 1no

6 Mallet- 1no

7 Hack saw 1no

8 hand drilling machine 12mm 1no

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Page No. 10
ESTIMATE: -
SI NAME OF SPECIFICATION QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT
MATERIALS

1 SPST (Singlepole 6 amp 2

single throw or
single way

2 Power Socket (5 pins) 6 amp 2

3 Conduit Pipe 20 mm As per required

4 Switch Box 4x4 1

5 Connecting Wire 1mm As per required

6 INDICATOR 6 amp 1

7 Batten Holder 6 amp 1

8 Fuse 10 amp 1

PROCEDURE: -
1. Draw the layout and connection diagram.
2. Collect the required wiring materials.
3. Connect the required materials on the work board as per the connection diagram.
4. Check the circuit for continuity.
5. Give the supply to the circuit after checking.
6. Finished the work neatly and correctly.

RESULT: -

Wired up a Series test board. (This circuit is used in testing the electrical appliance and for
testing the electrical wiring)

Page No. 11
 Exp. No. 03 Electric Wire Using Measuring and Testing Instrumen

Aim :-
To Select the Electric Wire Using Measuring and Testing Instruments.

TOOLS REQUIRED: -

Sl.No Name of Tool Specification Quantity

1 Wire 1 Coil

2 Wire Cage 1 no

Theory :-
What size wire do I need?
There are two pieces to the wire size question: thickness (gauge) and length. To determine what
gauge wire you need, consider the carrying capacity and the amount of current the wire needs to
conduct (measured in ampere or amps). Wire gauge is directly related to how many amps you need to
run through it.
The distance you need the wire to go can also impact the gauge of wire you need. Because no
conductor is perfect, the longer the wire, the more voltage you can lose through resistance/heat. You
can counteract voltage drop by increasing the wire gauge which will, therefore, increase the amperage
capacity. This allows you to pump more amps through to ensure the right amount of electricity is
received, even if you lose a little along the way.

How flexible should the wire be?

Different types of wire offer different levels of wire flexibility:

Solid core – almost no flexibility in lower gauge wire; becomes more flexible in higher gauges. ∙
Coarsely-stranded wire – moderately flexible; it will keep the shape you give it ∙
Finely-stranded wire – highly flexible; won’t hold shape.

What type of wire insulation is best?

The assembly’s working environment will dictate the type of insulation your wires need.

● Voltage – the higher the voltage level, the thicker the insulation needs to be to reduce the risk
of shock.
● Environmental considerations – exposure to the sun and UV, extreme temperatures, presence
of chemicals or oils can impact performance.
● Regulatory considerations – UL, SA, SAE, CE, etc.
● Abrasion resistance – higher vibration environments require thicker insulation.
● Coating – some coatings can make it easier to print on the wire or push/pull them through
the conduit.
Does wire color matter?
Using different colored wires within your electrical assembly can help you, the end user, and
Page No. 12
anyone who may need to service the assembly in the future, understand what the purpose of each wire
is. Many companies use standardized wire colors to denote hot wires, ground wires, and neutral wires;
some will even color code the different circuits within an electrical assembly.
Should I use copper vs. aluminum wire?
While copper is the most conductive metal, it can be heavy and expensive. So, for high voltage,
long-distance electrical applications, aluminum wire can be used. It’s an acceptable conductor that
typically requires a thicker gauge, but it’s much lighter and less expensive than copper wire. For
example, power lines use aluminum wire instead of copper.

Simplify the Wire Selection Process

The diverse specifications each industry has for the wires it uses create the need for all the
different types of wire available. But each of those industries typically sticks with a handful of wire
types that meet their requirements, which can help simplify the wire selection process.

For example, the automotive industry uses mostly GXL wire, which is well-suited for the
working environments typically found inside of a vehicle (temperature, abrasion, oils, etc.). On the
other hand, MTW (machine tool wire) is commonly used in electrical control cabinets because it’s
rated for a higher voltage and the insulation is suitable for the working environment.

If you’re in the process of selecting wires for your electrical assembly, there are probably a
few other components you’ll need to choose, too. Use our Wire Harness Design Checklist to help
ensure you’re checking all the boxes. Click the button below to get your copy today.

How to Measure Wire Gauge

Generally, these are accessible in two shapes like a circular otherwise oblong which includes
notches through edges of the shape where every notch is stamped by wire size number. This is used
to find out the width of sheet metal which is available from 0.1mm to 10mm.

The following diagram shows the gauge with stamped and different sizes on the notches.
So, let’s see how to measure the wire diameter otherwise sheet thickness using this gauge.

Page No. 13
How to Measure Wire Gauge
The following steps involve measuring wire gauges.

● First, we must check whether the tool for the measurement of gauge supports AWG or
MWG.
● Clip the gauge wire end, and then cut the boundary of the covering to expose the wire.
● Take the wire or Sheet and place it into the notch. Once it is inserted then it must
pass through the notch.
● Place the exposed wire into a hole on the measurement tool of the gauge that tightly fits
the wire. Make sure not to place one of the filaments of wire into a measurement hole
that is very small because it may get bent.
● On the outside of the hole, read the measurement on the tool to obtain the
measurement of the gauge for the wire.
The standard AWG gauge sizes are available based on the quantity of currency you require for
a particular application. So commonly used some of the AWG gauge sizes include the following.

● 2-gauge wire
● 6-gauge wire
● 8- gauge wire
● 10-gauge wire
● 12-gauge wire
● 14-gauge wire

RESULT: -

Wired up a Different Size of Wire. (This circuit is used in testing the electrical appliance and for
testing the electrical wiring)

Page No. 14
 Exp. No. 04 Cables of different Current Ratings

Aim- To Select the Cables and find different Current Ratings.

TOOLS REQUIRED: -

Sl.No Name of Tool Specification Quantity

1 Cable 1 Coil

2 Insulation Materials 1 no

Theory :-

Electric power can be transmitted or distributed either by overhead transmission systems or by

underground cables. Cables are mainly designed for specific requirements. Power cables are mainly
used for power transmission and distribution purposes. It is an assembly of one or more individually
insulated electrical conductors, usually held together with an overall sheath. The assembly is used for
the transmission and distribution of electrical power.
Electrical power cables may be installed as permanent wiring within buildings, buried in the
ground, and run overhead or exposed. Flexible power cables are used for portable devices, mobile tools,
and machinery.

These are designed and manufactured as per voltage, current to be carried, operating maximum
temperature, and purpose of applications desired by the customer. For mining, we give extra mechanical
strength to cable with double armoring. For wind power plant customers generally require flexible and
UV-protected cable with a mechanical tough sheath so we design as per their requirements. The
Page No. 15
underground cables have several advantages such as less liable to damage through storms, and
lightning, low maintenance cost, a lower chance of faults, a smaller voltage drop, and a better
general appearance.
Rating of Power Cable
Short Circuit Rating
It happens frequently that the conductor size necessary for installation is dictated by its ability to
carry short-circuit current rather than sustained current. During a short circuit, there is a sudden inrush
of current for a few cycles followed by a steadier flow of current for a short period until the protection
switchgear operators, normally between 0.1 – 0.3 seconds.

Conductor Size and Insulation Operating Maximum Short Circuit

Material Material Temperature Rating

120 sq-mm Copper PVC Insulation 70oC 13.80 KA/SEC

conductor

120 sq-mm Aluminum PVC Insulation 70oC 9.12 KA/SEC

conductor

120 sq-mm Copper PVC Insulation 85oC 12.48 KA/SEC

conductor

120 sq-mm Aluminum PVC Insulation 85oC 8.28 KA/SEC

conductor

Current Carrying Capacity

The current carrying capacity is an important aspect in the selection of the optimum size of the
conductor. Voltage drops and short rating are also a very important aspect to select the economical and
optimum size of conductor. The safe current carrying capacity of an underground cable is determined by
the maximum permissible temperature rise. The cause of temperature rise is the losses that occur in a
cable which appear as heat.
Continuous Current Rating of 2 Core × 16 mm2 2 Core × 25
(Cables laid singly) mm2

(i) In Ground (Ground Temp 103 A 131 A

30oC)

(ii) In Duct (Ground Temp 86 A 111 A

30oC)

(iii) In Air (Ambient AirTemp 94 A 125 A

40oC)

Voltage Drop
The allowable maximum voltage drop from source to load is another aspect of power cable
conductor design. As per Ohm’s law, V = IR. The first is the choice of material used for the wire.
Copper is a better conductor than Copper. The first is the choice of matraites for the wire. Copper is a

Page No. 16
better conductor than and will have less voltage drop than aluminum for a given length and wire size.
Wire size is another important factor in determining voltage drop. Larger wire sizes (those with a
greater diameter) will have less voltage drop than smaller wire sizes of the same length. In American
wire gauge, every 6-gauge decrease gives a doubling of the wire diameter, and every 3-gauge decrease
doubles the wire cross-sectional area. In the Metric Gauge scale, the gauge is 10 times the diameter in
millimeters, so a 50-gauge metric wire would be 5 mm in diameter.

Insulation Material Maximum Operating

Temperature

PVC TYPE A 75oC

PVC TYPE B 85oC

PVC TYPE C 85oC

XLPE 90oC

RUBBER – EPR IE-1 90oC

RUBBER – EPR IE-2, EPR IE-3, EPR IE-4, SILICON IE-5 150oC

There are various parts of a cable to be taken care of during construction. The power cable
mainly consists of
1. Conductor
2. Insulation
3. LAY for Multicore cables only.
4. Bedding
5. Beading/Armoring (if required)
6. Outer Sheath

Page No. 17
Conductor
Conductors are the only power-carrying path in a power cable. Conductors are of different
materials. Mainly in the cable industry, we use copper (ATC, ABC) and aluminum conductors for
power cables. There are different types of conductor Class 1: solid, Class 2 stranded, Class 5 flexible,
Class 6 Extra flexible (Mostly used for cords and welding), etc. Conductor sizes are identified with
conductor resistance.

Insulation The insulation provided on each conductor of a cable by mainly PVC (Poly Vinyl
Chloride), XLPE (Crosslinked Polyethylene), and RUBBER (Various Types of Rubber). The insulating
material is based on operating temperature.
Cores are identified by color-coding by using different colors on insulation or by
number printing on cores.

Insulation Material Maximum Operating

Temperature

PVC TYPE A 75oC

PVC TYPE B 85oC

PVC TYPE C 85oC

XLPE 90oC

RUBBER – EPR IE-1 90oC

RUBBER – EPR IE-2, EPR IE-3, EPR IE-4, SILICON 150oC

IE 5

Page No. 18
 Cores are identified by color-coding using different insulation colors or by number
printing on cores. Beading (Inner Sheath)
This portion of the cable is also known as the inner sheath. Mostly it is used in multi-core
cables. It works as a binder for insulated conductors together in multi-core power cables and
provides bedding to armor/braid. This portion of the cable is mainly made of PVC (PVC ST-1,
PVC ST-2 ), RUBBER (CSP SE-3, CSP SE-4, and PCP SE-3, PCP SE-4, HOFR SE-3 HOFR
SE-4, HD HOFR SE-3 ETC).
Armoring
There are mainly G.I. WIRE ARMOURING, G.I. STEEL STRIP armoring. It is done by placing
G.I. WIREs, GI, or STEEL STRIPs one by one on the inner sheath. Armoring is a process that is done
mainly for providing an earthing shield to the current-carrying conductors as well as it is also used for
earthing purposes of the cable for safety.

When there is any insulation failure in the conductor, the fault current gets enough paths to flow
through the armor if it is properly earthed. Providing extra mechanical protection and strength to cable
is an important added advantage of armoring. In mining cables, this is done for conductance.

Beading
ANNEALED TINNED COPPER WIRE, NYLON BRAID, and COTTON BRAID are mainly
used for this purpose. Braiding is the process that gives high mechanical protection to cable and is also
used for earthing purposes. The significance of braiding is it is more flexible in comparison to
armoring.

Outer Sheath

Materia Advantages Disadvantages Max

l Operating
Temperature

PVC Cheap, Durable, widely Highest dielectric losses, 70oC for

available Melts at high general
temperatures, Contains purpose 85oC for
halogens heat
resisting
purpose

PE Lowest dielectric losses, Highly sensitive to water

High initial dielectric treeing, Material breaks
strength down at high temperatures

XLPE Low dielectric losses, Does not melt but thermal 90oC
Improved material expansion occurs, medium
properties at high sensitivity to water treeing

Page No. 19
 temperatures (although some XLPE polymers
are water-tree resistant)

EPR Increased flexibility, Medium-High dielectric 90oC

Reduced thermal losses, Requires inorganic
expansion (relative to filler/additive
XLPE), Low sensitivity to
water treeing

Paper / Low-Medium dielectric High weight, High cost, 70oC

Oil losses, Not harmed by DC Requires hydraulic
testing, Known history of pressure/pumps for insulating
reliability fluid, Difficult to repair,
Degrades with moisture

This is the outermost cover of the cable normally made of PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride),
RUBBER (Various Types of Rubber), and often the same material as the bedding. It is provided over
the armor for overall mechanical, weather, chemical, and electrical protection. The outer sheath is the
protection offered to the cable not much electrically but more mechanically.
Mainly above 6 square mm cables are called power cables, but it depends upon the use of a
cable. For PVC power cables we use IS:1554 and for XLPE power cables we use IS:7098 and for
Rubber-based power cables, we use IS:9968 and other relevant specifications. Power cables are defined
by voltage grade and nominal cross-sectional area.

RESULT: -

Wired up a Different Size of Cable (This circuit is used in testing the electrical
appliance and for testing the electrical wiring)

Page No. 20
 Exp. No. 05 Prepare Wiring Installation on a board Showing
Control of One Lamp, One Fan, and one Socket

AIM:
To Wire up a Board Showing Control one, One Fan, and One Socket from one Switch Board.

TOOLS REQUIRED: -
Sl.No Name of Tool Specification Quantity

1 Screwdriver 200mm- 1no

2 combination plier 150mm- 1no

3 Line tester 500v- 1no

4 Wire stripper 1no

5 Poker 1no

6 Mallet- 1no

7 Fan Regulator - 1 no

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: -

Page No. 21
Tabulation :-
SI NAME OF SPECIFICATION QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT
Material

1 Bulb 10 watts 1

2 SPT Switch 6 amp 1

3 Batten 6 amp 1
Holder

4 Conduit 20 mm As per
required

5 Wire 1mm As per

required

6 Fan Regulator 1

7 Fan 1

8 Tube Light 40 Watts

ESTIMATE: -

RESULT: -
Wired up a Series test boards. (This circuit is used in testing the electrical appliance and for
testing the electrical wiring)

Page No. 22
 Exp. No. 06 Prepare Wiring Installation of Consumer’s Main Board
with ICDP & Distribution Fuse Box

Aim:
Wire up the consumer’s main board with ICDP & distribution fuse box & With
LCB / MCB.

TOOLS REQUIRED: -

Sl.No Name of Tool Specification Quantity

1 Screwdriver 200mm- 1no

2 combination plier 150mm- 1no

3 Line tester 500v- 1no

4 Wire stripper 1no

5 Poker 1no

6 Mallet- 1no

7 Hack saw 1no

8 hand drilling machine 12mm 1no

THEORY: -
Power is supplied to domesticate installations through a phase and neutral, forming a
single phase AC 230 v to wire system. For the individual establishment, power is supplied
through a three-phase two-wire system. To give 440V, the neutral is earthed at to the domestic
utilities; power is fed to kilo-watt meter and then to distributes power along several circuits. It
also protects these circuits from overload by safety devices like fuses or circuit breakers.

ELEMENTS OF HOUSE WIRING:

1. Fuses and circuit breakers
2. Electric switch
3. Plug
4. Socket outlet
5. Lamp holder
6. Main switch
7. Incandescent light

WIRING METHOD: A circuit is a path along which the electric current flows from the
negative side of the power source to the positive side.

Page No. 23
COMMON HOUSE WIRING REPAIRS:
1. Replacing a fuse
2. Resulting a circuit breaker
3. Resulting in a switch or an outlet
4. Repair of household appliances

PROCEDURE:
1. Draw the layout and connection diagram.
2. Collect the required wiring materials.
3. Connect the required materials on the work board as per the connection diagram.
4. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
5. When the Switch is closed, the Lamp will glow, and the metering is running.
6. The corresponding readings are noted from the energy meter by observing of cycles of the disc
for a particular time period.
7.Prepare residential wiring using Fuse, Switch, Indicator, Lamp, and Energy meter.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Result:
Thus, the residential wiring is implemented and tested for its operation.

Page No. 24
 Prepare Wiring of Control One Lamp from two
Exp. No. 07 different places using PVC Surface Conduit Wiring
System.

AIM:
To Wire up a Staircase Wiring Circuit Diagram.

TOOLS REQUIRED: -

Sl.No Name of Tool Specification Quantity

1 Screwdriver 200mm- 1no

2 combination plier 150mm- 1no

3 Line tester 500v- 1no

4 Wire stripper 1no

5 Poker 1no

6 Mallet- 1no

7 Hack saw 1no

8 hand drilling machine 12mm 1no

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Page No. 25
Procedure:
1. Mark switch and bulb location points and draw lines for wiring on the wooden Board.
2. Place wires along the lines and fix them with the help of clips.

3. Fix the two-way switches and bulb holder in the marked position on the wooden Board.

4. Complete the wiring as per the wiring diagram.

5. Test the working of the bulbs by giving an electric supply to the circuit.

Theory:
A two-switch is installed near the first step of the stairs. The other two-way switch is
installed at the upper part where the stair ends. The light point is provided between the first and
last stairs at an adequate location and height if the lower switch switches on the light. The switch
at the top or vice versa can switch it off. Two two-way switches are used for the purpose. The
supply is given to the switch at the short, circuited terminals. The connection to the light point is
taken from the similar short, circuited terminal of the second switch; the other two independent
terminals of each circuit are connected through cables.

TABULATION:
Switch Position Lamp Condition

Switch 1 Switch 2

OFF OFF

ON OFF

OFF ON

ON ON

Result:
The staircase wiring is completed and tested.

Page No. 26
 Prepare Wiring for One Lamp for three different
Exp. No. 08
arrangements using a two-way switch.

AIM:
To wire for One Lamp for three different arrangements using a two-way switch.

TOOLS REQUIRED: -

Sl.No Name of Tool Specification Quantity

1 Screwdriver 200mm- 1no

2 combination plier 150mm- 1no

3 Line tester 500v- 1no

4 Wire stripper 1no

5 Poker 1no

6 Mallet- 1no

7 Hack saw 1no

8 hand drilling machine 12mm 1no

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Procedure:
1. Mark switch and bulb location points and draw lines for wiring on the wooden Board.

Page No. 27
 2. Place wires along the lines and fix them with the help of clips.
3. Fix the two-way switches and bulb holder in the marked position on the wooden Board.

4. Complete the wiring as per the wiring diagram.

5. Test the working of the bulbs by giving an electric supply to the circuit.

Theory:
A two-switch is installed near the first step of the stairs. The other two-way switch is
installed at the upper part where the stair ends. The light point is provided between the first
and last stairs at an adequate location and height if the lower switch switches on the light.
The switch at the top or vice versa can switch it off. Two two-way switches are used for the
purpose. The supply is given to the switch at the short, circuited terminals. The connection to
the light point is taken from the similar short, circuited terminal of the second switch; the
other two independent terminals of each circuit are connected through cables.

TABULATION:
Switch Position Lamp Condition

Switch 1 Switch 2 Switch 3

ON ON ON

ON OFF ON

OFF ON OFF

OFF OFF ON

ON ON OFF

OFF OFF OFF

Result:
The One Lamp for three different arrangements using a two-way switch and tested.

Page No. 28
 Perform go-down wiring for three blocks using PVC
Exp. No. 09
casing Capping.

Aim: -
To wire up a circuit in the conduit system as per layout and conditions (go down
wiring)

TOOLS REQUIRED: -

Sl.No Name of Tool Specification Quantity

1 Screwdriver 200mm- 1no

2 combination plier 150mm- 1no

3 Line tester 500v- 1no

4 Wire stripper 1no

5 Poker 1no

6 Mallet- 1no

7 Hack saw 1no

8 hand drilling machine 12mm 1no

ESTIMATE: -
SI NAME OF SPECIFICATION QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT
MATERIALS

1 Bulb 10 watts 3

2 SPST (Singlepole 6 amp 1

single throw or
single way)

3 SPDT (Singlepole 6 amp 2

double throw or two
way) switches

4 Box single way 4x4 1

5 Wire 10 amp As per

Page No. 29
 required

6 Batten Holder 6 amp 2

7 Conduit 20 mm As per
required

Circuit Diagram:

PROCEDURE: -
1. Draw the layout and connection diagram.
2. Collect the required wiring materials.
3. Connect the required materials on the work board as per connection diagram.
4. Connect the Neutral wire from MCB directly to all the three lamps as shown in fig.
5. Connect the Line (Phase or Live) wire to the first terminal of SPST switch.
6. Connect the first SPDT switch common (middle) terminal to the second SPST switch.
7. Connect the upper terminal of the first SPDT switch to the first lamp.
8. Connect the lower terminal of the first SPDT switch to the common (middle one) of
secondSPDT switch.
9. Connect the upper and lower terminals of the second SPDT switch to the second and third
lamps respectively.
10. Check the circuit for continuity.
11. Given the supply to the circuit after checking.
12. Finished the work neatly and correctly.
Page No. 30
Working:
It is a linear sequence of switching i.e. When a person enters the first room or portion,all
lighting points are switched OFF as the first SPST switch is at OFF position.
When he
∙ switch ON the SPST, the first lamp switches ON.
∙ Switch ON the first SPDT, the second lamp switch ON and the previous one switch OFF.
∙ Switch ON the second SPDT, the third lamp switch ON and the
previous (secondone) lamp switch OFF.

Similarly, when he:

Switch OFF the last i.e., second SPDT, the second lamp switch ON and the third
lamp switch OFF, and so on until he reaches the first SPST switch and the whole circuit can
be switched OFF by turning it OFF.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Go-down Wiring

Advantages
∙ It saves energy as only one load point is turned ON at a time.
∙ The previous light bulb will switch off when turning on the next one. ∙ It can save
power as well as time.
Disadvantages
∙ Two or more lighting points can’t be turned on at once.
∙ It is complicated wiring.

Page No. 31
RESULT: -
To wire up a circuit in the conduit system as per layout and conditions (go down
wiring)

Page No. 32
 Design 2 BHK residential installation Scheme and
Exp. No. 10
estimate the material required.

AIM:
Draw the electrical circuit & estimate the quantity of material for the wiring
system used in a house or independent bungalow the Plan of which is as shown in the figure.
H = 4.5m, 5A Socket in each room.

STEP – 1 ASSUMPTION
I.The height at which the meter switch, main distribution board & Switchboard are to be
fitted = is 1.5m above the ground floor.
II.The height at which the conduit will run = is 3.5m above the ground floor.
III.Meter board is to be fitted on the entrance wall at a distance of 1m from the left-hand side
of the wall.
IV. a. Bulb = 100Watt
b. Fan = 60Watt
c. 5A Socket = 60Watt

Page No. 33
STEP – 2 CALCULATION
I.Load Calculation
No. of bulb = 5
Total bulb load = 5100 = 500Watt
No. of Fan = 2
Total Fan load=2x60=120 Watt
Total No. 5A Socket = 3
Total 5A Socket load = 360 = 180Watt
So total load connected = 500 + 120 + 180 = 800Watt
Total No. of Switch = 10No.
II. Load current (P2 VI)
Load current I = PV= 800240=3.33Amp
III. No. of Sub circuit
As per I.E, we know that the maximum lighting Load in a circuit will be 800Watt &
10Switch.
So, only one circuit.

STEP – 3 SELECTION

I.Main Switch: - Board on load current i.e., 3.33A

1. So DPIC 3.33A/240V.
II.D.B: - D.B is not required because for D.B minimum 2CKT is required & Here is only one
circuit.
III.Cable: - Based on current rating (3.33A)
5A wire will be selected.

Calculation of conduit length:

In Verandah – Load – 1 5A Socket = 60W, 1Bulb = 100W

I.SB1 to Horizontal conduit run = 2m
II.Horizontal conduit run to L1 = 2.5 + 2.5 = 5m
In Room1 – Load – 2Light = 200W, 1Fan = 60W, 1 5A Socket = 60W
I.L2 to SB2 = (2m+2m) =4m
II.L2 to L3 = 2.5 + 4 + 2.5 = 9m
III.Horizontal conduit run to F1 = 1 + 2.5 = 3.5m
In Room2 – Load – 2Light = 200W, 1Fan = 60W, 1 5A Socket = 60W
I.L4 to L5 = 4 + 7 + 4 = 15m
II.Horizontal conduit run to F2 = 1 + 4 = 5m
III.Horizontal conduit run to SB3= 2m
IV.Room 2 to room 3 Horizontal conduit run =0.5m
Total Conduit run = 2 + 5 + 4+ 9 + 3.5 + 15 + 5+2+0.5 = 46m 15% Wastage of conduit = (4.6
+ 2.3) = 6.9 m

Total conduit after adding wastage = 46 + 6.9 = 52.9m ≅ 55m

Page No. 34
Length of wire
Length of wire = 3 × Length of PVC Conduit
= 3 .55= 165m

Calculation of Earth wire = MS to SB1=0.2

SB1 to SB2= 2+ 2.5 + 2.5+2 + 2 =11
SB2 to SB3= 2+0.5 +0.5+ 2 = 5
Total Earth wire=16.2 m
10% wastage= 1.6m
Total=16.2+1.6=17.8=18m

Page No. 35
Estimate & Costing
Sl.No. Particulars Name with Specification Quantity Rate Amount
1 Main Switch DPIC Switch 16A/240V 1No. 500each 500.00

2 Switch Board (25cm20cm) 3No. 60each 180.00

3 Wire – 5A 165m 20each 3300.00

4 Earth Wire 14SWG (GI) 18m 60per meter 1080.00

Page No. 36
 5 PVC Conduit 25mm Diameter 55m 10per meter 550.00

6 One-Way Switch 5A 10No. 20per piece 200.00

7 Holder 5A 5No. 20each 100.00

8 Ceiling Rose 5A 2No. 20each 40.00

9 Flexible wire 5A 12 = 2m 40per meter 80.00

10 Earthing Set 1No. 3200each 3200.00

11 Civil Work Lump Sum - 500.00

Total Amount = 9730.00

Now Labor Cost @ 60Point

Total No. of point = Main Switch = 2
Fan = 2
Light = 5
5A Socket = 3
The total No. of Point is 12 No.
So, 60 × 12 = 720
Now, the Total Amount of material & Labor = 9730 + 720
= 10450.00
5% Contingencies = 522.50
Approximate Grand Total = 10450 + 522.5 = 10972.50

Result:
To Estimate the material required for 2 BHK Residential Installation and the cost is
fine out.

Page No. 37
 Exp. No. 11 Measurement of the Earth Resistance

AIM:
To measure the Earth Resistance of given Electrical Components

Apparatus Required:
SL.NO Components Required Range Quantity

1 Insulation Tester 1000V (0-200mw) 1

(Megger)

2 Any Electrical -------- -------

Equipment
(Transformer, Cables)

Procedure:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.

2. The required Voltage is generated with the help of Hand driven Generator

(Megger).

3. The insulation resistance of the given equipment is directly read from the display of

Megger.

Circuit Diagram:

R1, R2= Resistors

M= Magnet
A, B, C= Position of the Coils.

Page No. 38
Result:
Thus, the insulation Resistance of the given Electrical Equipment was measured
using an Insulation tester.

Page No. 39