SECONDARY 2 SET 3

Multiple-Choice Questions:
1. A magic square can be made by arranging numbers 7 to 15 in the 9 places of a 3𝑥3 square grid such
that all rows, columns, and both diagonals have the same sums. Suppose three of the arranged
numbers, as shown are related in terms of 𝑥. Determine the value of 𝐴.

Question 1
A. 8
B. 9
C. 10
D. 11
E. 12

2. Suppose 𝑥 4 + 𝑎𝑥 3 + 48𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 32 is divisible by 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 8, then 𝑎 + 𝑏 should be:

A. 98
B. 99
C. 100
D. 101
E. 102

3. Suppose 𝑥 and 𝑦 are integers such that 𝑥 𝑦 = 918 . Determine the number of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦).
A. 4
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
E. 9
4. Suppose 𝑥 is a positive integer, then 𝑥 + 2√𝑥 + 2 cannot possibly be equal to:
A. 17
B. 37
C. 57
D. 65
E. 101

5. The minimum value of 2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 28 is

A. −4
B. −2
C. 0
D. 2
E. 4

6. Which of the following is the closest equivalent of 100 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠?

A. 6103 𝑖𝑛3
B. 1000000 𝑐𝑚3
C. 0.1 𝑚3
D. 10000 𝑚𝑙
E. 35 𝑓𝑡 3

7. Determine the measure of the smaller angle formed by the hour and minute hands of an analog
clock at 8: 44 𝐴𝑀?
A. 2
B. 30
C. 45
D. 60
E. 90

8. An equilateral triangle has two vertices located at (−3,0) and (0,3). Find the area of the equilateral
triangle.
A. 3√3
9√3
B. 2
C. 9√2
D. 9√3
27√3
E. 2

9. If 𝑎 and 𝑏 are nonnegative integers such that 7𝑎 + 13𝑏 = 257, determine the maximum value of
𝑎 + 𝑏.
A. 11
B. 17
C. 23
D. 29
E. 35
 10. An archer has a 80% chance of hitting a target. If he tries to hit a target 4 times, determine the
probability that he will hit the target at least once.
A. 40.96%
B. 80%
C. 99.61%
D. 99.84%
E. 100%

OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS

11. Find the maximum value of √55 − 𝑥 + √𝑥 − 1.

1
12. Suppose 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0. Determine the value of 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 5 .

13. Determine the probability that a prime number is selected among the first 100 counting numbers.

14. Determine the number of integers from 1 to 2023 that are divisible by either 3,5 or 7.

15. Determine the number of sides a convex polygon has if it has 2079 diagonals.

16. Determine the value of 2 × 3 × 5 + 3 × 4 × 6 + 4 × 5 × 7 + ⋯ + 10 × 11 × 13 + 11 × 12 × 14.

21
17. If 𝑥 is a real number, what is the maximum value of the rational expression 𝑥 2 +22𝑥+163 ?

18. Determine the maximum possible value of (4𝑥 + 8) − 𝑥 2 .

19. If 𝑥 and 𝑦 are positive numbers such that 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 and 𝑥𝑦 = 19, find 𝑥 + 𝑦.

𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8 6𝑥 2 +𝑥−2
20. Determine the value of 𝑥 if × 𝑥 2 +7𝑥+12 = 1.
3𝑥 2 +8𝑥+4

21. Factor completely: 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 108.

22. A square is inscribed in a circle of radius 12. Find the perimeter of the square.

24√40+4√45
23. Simplify .
8√5
24. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square shown below. Points 𝐹 and 𝐸 are on 𝐴𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐷
̅̅̅̅ respectively, such that 𝐹𝐶
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐵𝐸
̅̅̅̅ .
̅̅̅̅ = 6 and 𝐴𝐷
If 𝑂𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ − ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 = 10, determine the area of ∆𝐶𝐹𝐷.

Question 24

25. Find the number of solutions in ordered pairs of positive integers (𝑎, 𝑏) of the equation
1 1 1
+ = .
𝑎 𝑏 20
 SECONDARY 2 SET 3
SOLUTION MANUAL
Multiple-Choice Questions:
1. A magic square can be made by arranging numbers 7 to 15 in the 9 places of a 3𝑥3 square grid such
that all rows, columns, and both diagonals have the same sums. Suppose three of the arranged
numbers, as shown are related in terms of 𝑥. Determine the value of 𝐴.

Question 1
A. 8
B. 9
C. 10
D. 11
E. 12
Answer: C
Solution:
We must find the magic sum or the equal sums, that is
7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 15 99
= = 33.
3 3
Now, to start with the magic square, the best strategy is to put the middle value of the collection of
values in the middle tile, which is 11.
 Notice from the figure below that we have let 𝑦 to be the value for the 6th tile.

We have
(2𝑥 + 6) + 𝑦 + (3𝑥 − 1) = 33
5𝑥 + 𝑦 = 28
and
4𝑥 − 3 + 11 + 𝑦 = 33
4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 25.
Using elimination to eliminate 𝑦, we have
5𝑥 + 𝑦 − (4𝑥 + 𝑦) = 28 − 25
𝑥 = 3.
Using the diagonal, we have
(2𝑥 + 6) + 11 + 𝐴 = 33
(2(3) + 6) + 11 + 𝐴 = 33
𝐴 = 10.

2. Suppose 𝑥 4 + 𝑎𝑥 3 + 48𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 32 is divisible by 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 8, then 𝑎 + 𝑏 should be:

A. 98
B. 99
C. 100
D. 101
E. 102
Answer: D
Solution:
We can see that the quotient should be a quadratic expression since a quartic expression is being
divided by a quadratic expression.
32
Note that the constant term of the quotient is 4 since 8 = 4.
𝑥 4 + 𝑎𝑥 3 + 48𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 32 = (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 4)
𝑥 4 + 𝑎𝑥 3 + 48𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 32 = 𝑥 4 + (𝑚 + 4)𝑥 3 + (4𝑚 + 12)𝑥 2 + (8𝑚 + 16)𝑥 + 32
Matching the coefficients:
4𝑚 + 12 = 48 => 𝑚 = 9
𝑎 = 𝑚 + 4 = 9 + 4 = 13
𝑏 = 8𝑚 + 16 = 8(9) + 16 = 88
Hence, 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 13 + 88 = 101.
3. Suppose 𝑥 and 𝑦 are integers such that 𝑥 𝑦 = 918 . Determine the number of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦).
A. 4
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
E. 9
Answer: E
Solution:
Note: (Power Rule)
(𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛
918 = (32 )18 = 336
We just have to find the number of factor pairs of 36 and count all combinations.
We have
36 = 22 × 32 .
Now,
(2 + 1)(2 + 1) = 3(3) = 9.
Hence, we have 9.

4. Suppose 𝑥 is a positive integer, then 𝑥 + 2√𝑥 + 2 cannot possibly be equal to:

A. 17
B. 37
C. 57
D. 65
E. 101
Answer: C
Solution:
2 2
𝑥 + 2√𝑥 + 2 = (√𝑥) + 2√𝑥 + 1 + 1 = (√𝑥 + 1) + 1
We then equate it to each choice.
For option C,
2
(√𝑥 + 1) + 1 = 57
2
(√𝑥 + 1) = 56
√𝑥 + 1 = √56.
From here, we can already see that we can’t have a positive integer value for 𝑥.

5. The minimum value of 2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 28 is

A. −4
B. −2
C. 0
D. 2
E. 4
Answer: A
Solution:
2(𝑥 2 − 8𝑥) + 28
2
= 2(𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 16) + 28 − 32
= 2(𝑥 − 4)2 − 4
It attains minimum when 𝑥 = 4.
Hence, we have 2(0)2 − 4 = −4.
6. Which of the following is the closest equivalent of 100 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠?
A. 6103 𝑖𝑛3
B. 1000000 𝑐𝑚3
C. 0.1 𝑚3
D. 10000 𝑚𝑙
E. 35 𝑓𝑡 3
Answer: C
Solution:
61.02 𝑖𝑛3
100 𝐿 × = 6102 𝑖𝑛3
1𝐿
1000 𝑐𝑚3
100 𝐿 × = 100000 𝑐𝑚3
1𝐿
1 𝑚3
100 𝐿 × = 0.1 𝑚3
1000 𝐿
1000 𝑚𝑙
100 𝐿 × = 100000 𝑚𝑙
1𝐿
1 𝑓𝑡 3
100 𝐿 × = 3.53 𝑓𝑡 3
28.32 𝐿
Hence, the answer is C.

7. Determine the measure of the smaller angle formed by the hour and minute hands of an analog
clock at 8: 44 𝐴𝑀?
A. 2
B. 30
C. 45
D. 60
E. 90
Answer: A
Solution:
Using clock-angle formula,
11
𝜃 = |30𝐻 − 𝑀|
2
11
𝜃 = |30(8) − (44)|
2
𝜃 = |240 − 242|
𝜃 = |−2| = 2.
8. An equilateral triangle has two vertices located at (−3,0) and (0,3). Find the area of the equilateral
triangle.
A. 3√3
9√3
B. 2
C. 9√2
D. 9√3
27√3
E. 2
Answer: B
Solution:
The side length of the equilateral triangle is the distance between (−3,0) and (0,3), that is
2
𝑑 = √(0 − (−3)) + (3 − 0)2 = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2.
Now,
√3 2
𝐴= 𝑠
4
√3 2
= (3√2)
4
√3
= (18)
4
9√3
= .
2

9. If 𝑎 and 𝑏 are nonnegative integers such that 7𝑎 + 13𝑏 = 257, determine the maximum value of
𝑎 + 𝑏.
A. 11
B. 17
C. 23
D. 29
E. 35
Answer: E
Solution:
7𝑎 = 257 − 13𝑏
5 − 13𝑏
𝑎 = 36 +
7
In order to maximize the sum 𝑎 + 𝑏, we need to minimize the value of 𝑏.
When 𝑏 = 2,
5 − 13(2)
𝑎 = 36 + = 36 − 3 = 33.
7
Hence, the maximum value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 is 33 + 2 = 35.
 10. An archer has a 80% chance of hitting a target. If he tries to hit a target 4 times, determine the
probability that he will hit the target at least once.
A. 40.96%
B. 80%
C. 99.61%
D. 99.84%
E. 100%
Answer: D
Solution:
1
The chance of not hitting the target is 20% or 5.
We have
𝑃(ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑛𝑜𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡)
1 4
= 1−( )
5
1
= 1−
625
624
=
625
= 99.84%.
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS

11. Find the maximum value of √55 − 𝑥 + √𝑥 − 1.

Answer: 6√3
Solution:
To find the maximum,
55 − 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1
2𝑥 = 56
𝑥 = 28.
𝑏+𝑎
(Quick Trivia: the value for 𝑥 to get the maximum of √𝑥 − 𝑎 + √𝑏 − 𝑥 is 𝑥 = 2 )
Hence, we have
√55 − 28 + √28 − 1 = 2√27 = 6√3.

1
12. Suppose 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0. Determine the value of 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 5 .
Answer: 724
Solution:
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥 2 + 1 = 4𝑥
1
𝑥+ =4
𝑥
Now,
1 2
(𝑥 + ) = 42
𝑥
1
𝑥 2 + 2 + 2 = 16
𝑥
1
𝑥 2 + 2 = 14
𝑥
 and
1 3
(𝑥 + ) = 43
𝑥
3 1
𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + + 3 = 64
𝑥 𝑥
1 1
𝑥 3 + 3 = 64 − 3 (𝑥 + )
𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑥 3 + 3 = 64 − 3(4) = 52.
𝑥
We have
1 1 1 1
(𝑥 2 + ) (𝑥 3
+ ) = 𝑥 5
+ + 𝑥 +
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥
1 1 1 1
𝑥 5 + 5 = (𝑥 2 + 2 ) (𝑥 3 + 3 ) − (𝑥 + )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑥 5 + 5 = 14(52) − 4 = 724.
𝑥

13. Determine the probability that a prime number is selected among the first 100 counting numbers.
1
Answer: 4
Solution:
There are 25 prime numbers between 1 to 100.
Hence, we have
25 1
= .
100 4

14. Determine the number of integers from 1 to 2023 that are divisible by either 3,5 or 7.
Answer: 1099
Solution:
2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023
⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋−⌊ ⌋−⌊ ⌋−⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋
3 5 7 3×5 3×7 5×7 3×5×7
= 674 + 404 + 289 − 134 − 96 − 57 + 19
= 1099

15. Determine the number of sides a convex polygon has if it has 2079 diagonals.
Answer: 66
Solution:
𝑛(𝑛 − 3)
= 2079
2
𝑛(𝑛 − 3) = 4158
𝑛2 − 3𝑛 − 4158 = 0
(𝑛 + 63)(𝑛 − 66) = 0
𝑛 = 66
16. Determine the value of 2 × 3 × 5 + 3 × 4 × 6 + 4 × 5 × 7 + ⋯ + 10 × 11 × 13 + 11 × 12 × 14.
Answer: 6570
Solution:
11 11

∑ 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 3) = ∑ 𝑛3 + 4𝑛2 + 3𝑛

𝑛=2 𝑛=2
Now,
11 11 11 11
3 2 3 2
∑ 𝑛 + 4𝑛 + 3𝑛 = ∑ 𝑛 + 4 ∑ 𝑛 + 3 ∑ 𝑛
𝑛=2 𝑛=2 𝑛=2 𝑛=2
112 (12)2 11(12)(23) 11(12)
=[ − 13 ] + 4 [ − 12 ] + 3 [ − 1]
4 6 2
= 4355 + 2020 + 195
= 6570.

21
17. If 𝑥 is a real number, what is the maximum value of the rational expression 𝑥 2 +22𝑥+163 ?
1
Answer: 2
Solution:
In order to maximize the whole expression, we minimize the denominator, that is,
21
2
𝑥 + 22𝑥 + 163
21
= 2
(𝑥 + 22𝑥 + 121) + 42
21
= .
(𝑥 + 11)2 + 42
It attains maximum when 𝑥 = −11.
We have
21 21 1
2
= = .
0 + 42 42 2
1
Hence, the maximum is 2.

18. Determine the maximum possible value of (4𝑥 + 8) − 𝑥 2 .

Answer: 12
Solution:
−𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 8
= −(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) + 8
= −(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4) + 8 + 4
= −(𝑥 − 2)2 + 12
It attains maximum when 𝑥 = 2.
Hence, the maximum is −02 + 12 = 12.
19. If 𝑥 and 𝑦 are positive numbers such that 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 and 𝑥𝑦 = 19, find 𝑥 + 𝑦.
Answer: 3√7
Solution:

(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 25 + 2(19) = 63
𝑥 + 𝑦 = √63
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3√7

𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8 6𝑥 2 +𝑥−2
20. Determine the value of 𝑥 if × 𝑥 2 +7𝑥+12 = 1.
3𝑥 2 +8𝑥+4
Answer: 4
Solution:
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 4) (3𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 − 1)
× =1
(3𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 3)
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 4)(3𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 − 1)
=1
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 4)(3𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)
2𝑥 − 1
=1
𝑥+3
2𝑥 − 1 = 𝑥 + 3
𝑥=4

21. Factor completely: 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 108.

Answer: (𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)
Solution:
Using rational root theorem, we have
± 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 108
𝑥= = ± 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 108.
± 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 1
If 𝑥 = 3, then using Factor Theorem,
34 + 4(3)3 − 21(3)2 − 36(3) + 108 = 0.
Hence, 𝑥 = 3 is a root and 𝑥 − 3 is a factor of the given expression.
We then have 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 108 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 − 36).

If 𝑥 = 2, then using Factor Theorem,

(2)3 + 7(2)2 − 36 = 0.
Hence, 𝑥 = 2 is a root and 𝑥 − 2 is a factor of 𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 − 36.
We now have 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 108 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 18).
Factoring 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 18, we have 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 18 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 6).
Therefore, the factored form of 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 108 is
𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 108 = (𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3).
22. A square is inscribed in a circle of radius 12. Find the perimeter of the square.
Answer: 48√2
Solution:
The diameter is 2(12) = 24.
Let 𝑠 be the side length of the square.
By Pythagorean theorem, we have
𝑠 2 + 𝑠 2 = 242
2𝑠 2 = 576
𝑠 2 = 288
𝑠 = 12√2.
Therefore, the perimeter is 4𝑠 = 4(12√2) = 48√2.

24√40+4√45
23. Simplify .
8√5
3 3
Answer: 6√2 + 2 𝑜𝑟 2 + 6√2
Solution:
24√40 4√45
+
8√5 8√5
40 1 45
= 3√ + √
5 2 5
1
= 3√8 + √9
2
3 3
= 6√2 + 𝑜𝑟 + 6√2
2 2

24. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square shown below. Points 𝐹 and 𝐸 are on 𝐴𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐷
̅̅̅̅ respectively, such that 𝐹𝐶
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐵𝐸
̅̅̅̅ .
̅̅̅̅ = 6 and 𝐴𝐷
If 𝑂𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ − ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 = 10, determine the area of ∆𝐶𝐹𝐷.

Question 24
200 2
Answer: 𝑜𝑟 66 3 𝑜𝑟 66.67
3
Solution:
Note that ∆𝐶𝑂𝐸 is a right triangle with ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐸 = 6.
Also, 𝐴𝐷 − 𝐷𝐸 = 10 => 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐷𝐸 + 10 implies that ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ 𝐸𝐶 = 10.
̅̅̅̅ 2 2
Hence, 𝐶𝑂 = √10 − 6 = √64 = 8.
Observe that ∆𝐶𝐷𝐹~∆𝐶𝑂𝐸 because of 𝐴𝐴(𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 − 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) Theorem (∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑂 ≅ ∠𝐷).
 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝐷𝐹
Also, ∆𝐶𝐷𝐹 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐶𝐸, which implies that 𝐸𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ = 10.
Thus,
̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝐸
=
̅̅̅̅ 𝐶𝑂
𝐶𝐷 ̅̅̅̅
10 6
=
̅̅̅̅ 8
𝐶𝐷
40
̅̅̅̅ = .
𝐶𝐷
3
Therefore,
1 1 40 200 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎∆𝐶𝐹𝐷 = 𝑏ℎ = (10) ( ) = 𝑜𝑟 66 𝑜𝑟 66.67.
2 2 3 3 3

25. Find the number of solutions in ordered pairs of positive integers (𝑎, 𝑏) of the equation
1 1 1
+ = .
𝑎 𝑏 20
Answer: 15
Solution:
1 1 1
+ =
𝑎 𝑏 20
𝑏+𝑎 1
=
𝑎𝑏 20
𝑎𝑏 − 20𝑎 − 20𝑏 = 0
(𝑎 − 20)(𝑏 − 20) = 202
Factors of 202 : 24 × 52
Number of positive factors: (4 + 1)(2 + 1) = 5(3) = 15.