MAXIMA-MINIMA

EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP

1
1. f(x) = x25 (1–x)75 4  1
  4 . 1  4 + 4
f'(x) = 25.x24 (1–x)75 – 75.(1–x)74.x25+ – 
2 
= 25.x24(1–x)74{1–x–3x} 1
= 25x 24(1–x) 74(1– 4x) 4 1
 4 + +59
5. f(x) = 2x3 – 9ax2 + 12a2x + 1, a > 0 
f'(x) = 6x2 – 18ax + 12a2 1 1
equality holds for 4 =  =
= 6(x2 – 3ax + 2a2)  2
= 6(x – a) (x – 2a) –
+ + y
p = a, q = 2a Required line is x + = 3
a 2a 2
 a2 = 2a 2x + y = 6
 a = 0 (rejected) or a = 2
a = 2 n x
12. A =
6. f'(x) = x(22 + 42.x2 + 62.x4 + .....+1002.x98} x
(e,1/e)
– + P
0
7. f(x) = 3x4 – 4x3 + 6x2 + ax + b O e
f'(x) = g(x) = 12x3 – 12x2 + 12x + a
f''(x) = 36x2 – 24x + 12
= 12(3x2 – 2x + 1)
1  n x
f''(x) > 0 A' = = 0 at x = e
x2
f"(x) is increasing
 f' (x) = 0 at exactly one point.  x  2x(2  nx)
A" =
 The given function has exactly one x2
extremum. A" < 0 at x = e  maxima

1 1
10. f(x) = {1 + cosx} sinx Amax|x = e =
2 e
16. y = ax3 + bx2
sin x sin 2x y' = 3ax 2 + 2bx
= 
2 4 y'' = 6ax + 2b
cos x cos 2x for point of inflection y'' = 0
f'(x) = 
2 2 b
x=
3a
2 cos 2 x  cos x  1 (2 cos x  1)(cos x  1)
=  3a + b = 0 .....(i) (as x = 1)
2 2
point satisfy the curve also, so
+ –
3 = a + b .....(ii)
0 /3 
from (i) & (ii)
  3 3 3 3 3 9
f     = maximum value a , b
 3 4 8 8 2 2
f(0) = f() = minimum value 20. f(x) = 2x – 3(2 + )x2 + 12x
3

11. Let the line be (x–1) + (y – 4) = 0 f'(x) = 6x2 – 6(2 + ) x + 12
D > 0
x + y = 1 + 4
36(2 + )2 – 24.12 .  > 0
1  4
Sum of intercept = l + 4 + ,  > 0  ( – 2)2 > 0

   2
1 so required set is option (A,C,D)
= 4 + + 5

EXERCISE - 02 BRAIN TEASERS
1. f(x) = x 3 – 3px 2 + 3(p 2 –1)x + 1 2

f'(x) = 3{x 2 – 2px + (p–1) (p+1)} f  sin 1  = 6 + 3 = 9
 3
f'(x) = 3{x – (p – 1)} {x – (p +1)} +
f(0 )  
–2 < p – 1 < 4 and –2 < p + 1 < 4
 
p  (–1, 3)
f  2   
2. f'(x) = 12x 2 – 2x – 2  
= 2(6x 2 – x – 1) = 2(2x – 1)(3x + 1)
+ – +
–1/3 ½
9
1 y = f(x)

1/4
0 /2
sin–1 2
0 ½ 3
 a = 9
 1 11.
 f(x), 0  x  2
Min {f(t) : 0  t  x} ; 0  x  1 = 
f  1  , 1  x  1
  2  2 C
4. The solution set of the inequality    
x2  x  2 P
 sin  sin Q
< 0  – 3 < x < –2
x2  5 x  6
f(x) = 1 + a 2x – x 3 2   2  sin 
f'(x) = a 2 – 3x 2 s = =  + sin
2
= (a – 3 x) (a + 3 x) 1 2
+  =  sin2
a – – 2
If a > 0 –3 < < –2
3 –a / 3 a/ 3  1  sin 2  
– + – r =    
a s 2 1  sin  
If a < 0 –3 < < –2 –a/ 3 Maximize 'r'.
3 a/3
12. Let 'a' be the side of base.
x 
4 a R=cos
5. f(x) =  1  t dt  R=

0 3
x  a = 3 . cos x=sin 
4
f(–x) =  1  t dt volume = base area × height
0
x  3 2 2

4
=   1  u du (Put t = –u) =  4 .3  cos  ×  sin
 
0
f(–x) = –f(x)  'f' is odd function. 3 3 3
Check other options. f() =  {cos2 sin}
4
4 1  
8. f(x) =  x   0,  3 3 3
sin x 1  sin x 2 f'() = {2cos.(–sin2) + cos3}
4
 1 4 
f'(x) = cosx  2
 2  3 3 3
 (1  sin x) sin x  = {1 – 2tan2}cos3
4
(2  sin x)(3 sin x  2) 1
= cosx for max. volume, tan =
sin 2 x(1  sin x)2 2
+ –

0 –1 2 /2 altitude = x = .sin =
sin 3
3
EXERCISE - 03 MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS
Match the Column : St. II is false.
1. y = ax 2 + bx + c St. I  f(x) has maxima at x = (400) 1/3 & 7 is
 Points A, B and D lies on the curve. the closest natural number.
 4a – 2b + c = 3  a n has greatest value for n = 7.
a – b + c = 1 Comprehension # 1 :
4a + 2b + c = 7
f(x)
Solving the equations we get a = b = c = 1. 1 0
x
 y = x2 + x + 1
Lt 1 n 0 1
To maximize area of  ABCD, we maximize area x 0
x x
1 = 2
(BCD).
1
D(2,7) 1 0
x
y Lt 1  f(x) 
A h x 0
 n  3  1 = 2 ..........(1)
(–2,3) x x
C for limit to exist
B
(–1,1) Lt f(x ) = 0
3/4 x 0 x 3

 f(x) = a 0 x 6 + a 1 x 5 + a 2 x 4
x Also f'(0) = f'(2) = f'(1) = 0
–2 –1 –1/2 0
To maximize Area(BCD) we have to maximize h f'(x) = 6a 0 x 5 + 5a 1 x 4 + 4a 2 x 3
= x 3 (6a 0 x 2 + 5a 1 x + 4a 2 )
(as shown in figure) f'(2) = 0
for maximum h  24a 0 + 10a 1 + 4a 2 = 0 ......(2)
 Slope of BD = Slope of tangent at C f'(1) = 0
7 1 6a 0 + 5a 1 + 4a 2 = 0 .......(3)
= (2x + 1) Consider eq n. (1)
2 1
 1
1   f(x) x 
x =
2 n  Lt  3  1   = 2
 x 0  x  
1 1 7  
y = + + 1 = f(x )
4 2 4 
lim
 x 0 x 4  a 0 x 6  a1 x 5  a 2 x 4
1 7 n e = 2  xLt = 2
 C   , 
0
x4
2 4  a2 = 2
On the basis of this the coloumns can be matched. Putting a 2 in (2) & (3)
Assertion and Reason :
24a 0 + 10a 1 = –8
1. 6a 0 + 5a 1 = –8
+8
7x
y= on solving this we get
y=
–x 12 2
/2 a1 = – , a0 =
5 3
2 6 12 5
From figure st. I is false, because f(0–h)< f(0) f(x) = x – x + 2x 4
3 5
st. II is obviously true.
f'(x) = 4x 5 – 12x 4 + 8x 3 = 4x 3 (x 2 – 3x + 2)
x2 = 4x 3 (x–2) (x–1)
2. St. II :- f(x) =
x 3  200 – + – +
2x(x 3  200)  3x 4 x(400  x 3 ) 0 1 2
f'(x) = =
(x 3  200)2 (x 3  200)2
4
15
2
+ – 1

0 (400)
1/3 On the above basis the answers can be given.
1/3
(400)
EXERCISE - 04 [A] CONCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE
1. (b) f(x) = –(x – 1) 3 (x + 1) 2 R
f'(x) = –{3(x – 1)2(x +1 )2 + (x –1 )3 2(x + 1)}
r
= –(x – 1) 2 (x + 1) {3x + 3 + 2x – 2} 
P S r Q
= –(x – 1) 2 (x + 1) (5x + 1)
15.
– + – –
2 2
–1 1 1 x +y =1
– 2
5
r
cos =
2
r = 2cos

–1 1
1
– 1 A(SRQ) = ƒ() = (2cos) 2.sin = 2 cos 2 sin
5 2
(c) f(x) = x n x Now maximize f()
f'(x) = 1 + n x – + 2ax 2ax  1 2ax  b  1
1 0 1 12. f'(x) = b b 1 1
f"(x) = > 0
x e 0 0 1
 concave up (R3  R3 – (R1 + 2R2))
Lt x n x = 0 , Lt x n x   f'(x) = 2ax + b  f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
x 0  x 
5
f(x) is maximum at x =
2
5 
f '   = 0  5a + b = 0
2 
(1,0)
f(0) = 2  c = 2, f(1) = 1  a + b + c = 1
6. ¾ 1 5
 a , b  , c 2
4 4
y y 1 2 5
f(x) = x  x 2
4 4
20. ax2 + 2bxy + ay2 – c = 0 ...........(i)
¾
 dy  dy
½ ½ 2xa + 2b  y  x   2ay dx  0
x  dx 
Given xy = 18 (x1,y1)
dy (2ax  2by)
Printed area 
dx 2bx  2ay
 3  18 3 
= f(x) = (x – 1)  y   = (x – 1)  
2 x 2  slope of normal =
bx  ay
Now maximize the area. ax  by
A y1
9. slope of line joining origin & point (x1, y1) =
x1
12 minimum distance is along normal.
P Q
bx 1  ay 1 y 1
y so ax  by  x  x 12  y 12
1 1 1
B C  x1 = y1 or x1 = –y1 .........(ii)
36
from (i) & (ii) required points are
x
APQ ~ ABC  c c   c c 
for x 1=y 1;  ,   , 
2(a  b)  &  2(a  b)

 2(a  b) 2(a  b) 
12  y x
=
12 36  c c 
3(12 – y) = x for x1=–y 1   2(a  b) ,  2(a  b)  not possible
A = xy = 3(12 – y) y  
Now maximize the area. since a–b<0
EXERCISE - 04 [B] BRAIN STORMING SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE
cos x  
2. f'(x) =
1  sin x for maximum sin      1
 2
+ – + + – +
3
 0  3 2 12. f(x) = sin3 x + sin2x
–2 – 2 2 2
2 f'(x) = sinxcosx(3sinx + 2)
f''(x) = 6sinxcos2x – 3sin3x + 2cos2x
2 
 
f'(x) = 0   sinx = 0 or cosx = 0 or sin x 
– – 0  3 2 3
–2 – 3 2 2 2
2
 
3. cosx  0 if  x
2 2
B(0,4) sinx = 0  x = 0
y= x 2 
sinx =
3
M
2 
–1 < sinx < 1  –1 < < 1
3
x
A 3 3
( –2,0)  <<
2 2
A'(0,-2)   0 otherwise there is only one critical point.
If  > 0, then f''(0) > 0  x = 0 point of minima
& f'(x) changes sign from positive to negative for
To minimize the perimeter.
AM + MB is to be minimized.  2  
x  sin 1   (point of maxima).
i.e. A'M + MB is to be minimized.  3 
[where A' is image of A in y = x.] If  < 0 then x = 0 is a point of maxima while
Obviously A'M + MB is minimized.
 2  
when A',M and B are collinear. x  sin 1   is a point of minima. Thus for
i.e. M coincide with origin.  3 
 M  (0, 0)  3 3
    ,   {0} function has exactly one
3 5  2 2
4. f(x) = x 3 – x 2+ – log 1/4(m)
2 2 + – +
maxima & exactly one minima.
f'(x) = 3x 2 – 3x = 3x(x – 1) 0 1 16. Let the vertices L, M, N of the square S be (1, 0),
for f(x) = 0 to have 3 real & distinct roots (1, 1) & (0, 1) respectively & the vertex O be
f(0).f(1) < 0 origin. Let the co-ordinate of vertices A, B, C, D
Solving this we get the required set of m. of the quadrilateral be (p, 0)(1, q)(r, 1) & (0, s)
9. Then a2 = (1 – p)2 + q2 N
C M

b2 = (1 – q)2 + (1 – r)2
t2 D B
t1 c2 = (1 – s)2 + r2
d2 = p 2 + s 2 O A L
 
Thus a + b + c + d = (1 – p) + q + (1 – q)2
2 2 2 2 2 2
a
a t t2 + (1 – r)2 + (1 – s)2 + r2 + p2 + s2
 1  Let f(x) = x2 + (1 – x)2 0  x  1
sin  sin  sin(    )
f'(x) = 2x – 2(1 – x)
a a
t1 = sin  , t2 = sin ( + ) f'(x) = 0  x = 1/2
sin  sin 
to maximize perimeter we maximize t 1 + t 2 f''(x) = 4
a  f(x) is minimum at x = 1/2 & max. value of
t 1 + t 2 = f() =2 {sin() + sin(+)}
sin  f(x) occur at x = 0, x = 1
a      1/2  f(x)  1
= sin  sin    2  cos 2 
  S o 2  a2 + b2 + c2 + d2  4
EXERCISE - 05 [A] JEE-[MAIN] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

1. f(x) = 2x3 – 9ax2 + 12a2x + 1 a > 0 5. A triangular park

  f'(x) = 6x2 – 18ax + 12a2 A
1
  f"(x) = 12x – 18a  = (2xcos)(xsin) x
2 x xsin
for maximum or minimum
6x 2 – 18ax + 12a2 = 0 1 2 
x2 – 3ax + 2a2 = 0 = x sin2 B
2 2xcosq C
x = a or x = 2a 2
maximum at x = a and minimum at x = 2a x
 max . 
  (a > 0) given) 2
p = a, q = 2a 6. Using A.M.  G.M.
 p2 = q
a2 = 2a p2  q 2
 p.q
a(a – 2) = 0 2
a=2
1 1 1
2. f(x) = x + f'(x) = 1 – 2  pq 
x x 2
x = ±1  (p + q)2 = p2 + q2 + 2pq
2
f"(x) = 3  (p + q) 2
x
minimum at x = 1 8. Graph of P(x) under given
3. u = a 2 cos 2   b 2 sin 2  + a 2 sin 2   b 2 cos 2  conditions. It is clear that
P(x) has max. at 1 but not
u2 = a2 + b2 + 2 (a 2 cos 2   b 2 sin 2 ) (a 2 sin 2   b 2 cos 2 ) –1 0 1
minimum at –1.
4 2 2 2 2 4
a cos  sin   a b cos  9. Point (t , t) is on the parabola x = y 2
2
u2 = a 2 + b 2 + 2 2 2 4 4 2
 a b sin   b sin  cos  2 Its distance from y – x = 1
2 2 2 2 t2  t  1
u2 = a2 + b2 + 2 a b (1  2 sin  cos ) d(t) =
2
 a 4 cos 2  sin 2   b 4 cos 2  sin 2 
1
= a2 + b2 + 2 a 2 b 2  (a 4  b 4  2a 2 b 2 ) sin 2  cos 2  d'(t)= [2t–1] = 0
2
2
2 2 2 2 2  sin 2   1
= a2 + b2 + 2 a b  (a  b )    t =
 2  2
2
= a2 + b2 + 4a 2 b 2  (a 2  b 2 ) 2 sin 2 2  d"(t) = > 0
u2 is maximum when sin22 = 1 2
u2 is minimum when sin2 2 = 0 1
d(t) is min at t =
u2
– u
(max .)
2
(min .)
2
2(a + b2) – (a + b)2
2 Its value
2a2 + 2b2 – a2 – b2 – 2ab 1  1 1 1 
a2 + b2 – 2ab = (a – b)2 d     1 
2  2 4 2 
x 2
4. f(x) =  1  3 2
2 x d  
1 2 2  8
 f '(x) =  2 10. f has a local minimum at x = –1
2 x
For maximum or minimum, f '(x) = 0
1 2  lim f(x)  f(–1)
x 1
 = 0
2 x2 k + 2  1
 x2 = 4  x = ±2
k  – 1
4
Now, f"(x) =  k = –1
x3
at x = 2, f"(x) > 0 Direct ions : Que st ions number 86 to 90 are
and x = –2 f"(x) < 0 Assertion - Reason type questions. Each of these
So, there exists a local minimum at x = 2.
questions contains two statements :
 Statement–1 (Assertion) and
Statement–2 (Reason). (15) 3
So, = – 18(0) + C  C = 1125
Each of these questions also has four alternative 3
choices, only one of which is the correct answer.
 r 3 = – 54t + 3375 ......(ii)
You have to select the correct choice.
At time t = 49 min r = 9 m
11. f'(x) = x sin x from eq. (i)
f'() & f'(2) are 0.
 dr  18
+ –  dt   = – 2/9
f '(x) +   t  49 (9)2
  (Negative sign shows decrement in radii)
 local maximum at x =  and local minimum at 1
x = 2 15. f'(x) = + 2bx + a
x
13. At x = 0 ƒ(x) = 1 f'(–1) = –1 – 2b + a = 0 ......(1)
and for x = h and x = – h (h  0; h > 0)
1
tan x f'(2) = + 4b + a = 0 ...... (2)
> 1 2
x
 Function has a minima at x = 0 1 1
solve (1) & (2)  a = , b = –
 Statement–1 is true. 2 4
 st : 2 is true
 tan x
 ;x  0 1 1  1 1
No w ƒ(x) =  x f''(x) =  2
   2   (always –ive)
 1 ;x  0 x 2 x 2
3
f"(–1) =  < 0
 x sec 2 x-tan x 2
 ;x  0
ƒ '(x) =  x2 3
 0 ;x  0 f"(2) = 
< 0
 4
ƒ ' (0) = 0  Local maximum at x = –1 & 2
 Statement-2 is also true. 16. ƒ(x) = 2x 3 + 3x + k
4 3 ƒ '(x) = 6x 2 + 3 > 0
14. V = r
3
 ƒ is increasing function
Initially r = 4500  , r = r 0
 ƒ(x) = 0 has exactly one real root
4
4500  =  r03  r0  15m (as it is an odd degree polynomial)
3

dV 4 dr
Now   (3r 2)
dt 3 dt

dr dr 18
– 72  = 4 r 2  = 2 ......(i)
dt dt r

2 r3
r dr = –  18 dt  = – 18 t + C
3
At t = 0, r = 15 m
EXERCISE - 05 [B] JEE-[ADVANCED] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

2. ƒ (x) = (1 + b 2 )x 2 + 2bx + 1 x

It is a quadratic expression with coeff. of 9. (a,b)  g(x) =  ƒ (t) dt

0
x 2 = 1 + b 2 > 0.
 x 0  x 1
 ƒ (x) represents an upward parabola whose  x 1
 g'(x) = ƒ (x) = 2  e 1x 2
D x e 2x 3
min value is , D being the discriminant. 
4a
 g'(x) = 0
4b 2  4(1  b 2 ) 1
 m(b) = –  m(b) = at x = 1 + n2
4(1  b 2 ) 1  b2
x = 0 & x = e
For range of m(b) :
1 0  x 1
1 
> 0 also b 2  0  1 + b 2  1 g"(x) = e x 1 1x 2
1  b2
1 2x3

1
  1  g"(1 + ln2) = –2 and g"(e) = 1  g(x) has local
1  b2
Thus m(b) = (0, 1] max. at x = 1 + ln2 and local min. at x = e.
3 2
7. Let p(x) = ax + bx + cx + d x 2  2x  4
11. (A) y =
p(–1) = 10 x 2
 –a + b – c + d = 10 ......(i)  x 2 + (2 – y)x + 4 – 2y = 0
p(1) = –6 x is real ; so D > 0
 a + b + c + d = –6......(ii) y 2 + 4y – 12  0
p(x) has maxima at x = – 1 y  –6, y  2
 p'(–1) = 0 so minimum value = 2
 3a – 2b + c = 0 .....(iii) (B) (A + B)(A – B) = (A – B)(A + B)
p'(x) has min. at x = 1  AB = BA
 p"(1) = 0 as A is symmetric & B is skew symmetric
 6a + 2b = 0 .....(iv)  (AB) t = –AB
Solving (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) we get  k = 1, 3
(C) a = log 3 log 3 2  3 –a = log 2 3
From (iv) b = –3a
a

From (iii) 3a + 6a + c = 0  c = –9a No w 1  2 (  k  3 )

2

From (ii) a – 3a – 9a + d = –6  d=11a – 6  1  2 (  k  log2 3 )  2  1 < 3.2 k < 2

From (i) –a – 3a + 9a + 11a – 6 = 10
1 2 3
  2 k    2k  3
 16a = 16  a = 1 3 3 2
 b = –3, c = –9, d = 5 so k = 1 is possible
 p(x) = x 3 – 3x 2 – 9x + 5 (D) sin = cos
2
 p'(x) = 3x – 6x – 9 = 0
 cos     = cos
 3(x + 1) (x – 3) = 0 2 
 x = –1 is a pt. of max (given) and x = 3 is 
  = 2n ± 
at pt. of min. 2
[ max and min occur alternatively] 
–  =2n ± 
 pt. of local max is (–1, 10) and pt. of local 2
mi n is (3, –22) 
   ±  – = –2n
And distance between them is 2
1 
= [3  ( 1)]2  ( 22  10) 2 = 16  1024  ( ±  – ) = even integer
 2
= 1040 = 4 65
 17. If x  [0, 1]
x 2  ax  1 2
12. f(x) = then x  x  1
x 2  ax  1
2 2 2

2a(x 2  1) 4a(  x 3  3x  a) x 2 e x  xe x  e x
f'(x) = 2 2 and f"(x) =
(x  ax  1) (x 2  ax  1) 3 Add e  x
2
to all sides
4a 4a 2 2 2 2 2 2
f"(1) = 2 and f"(–1) =
x 2 e x  e  x  xe x  e  x  e x  e  x
(a  2) (a  2) 2
 h(x)  g(x)  f(x) ........... (i)
 (a + 2) 2 f"(1) + (2 – a) 2 f"(–1) = 0 2 2
where, f(x) = e x  e  x
13. As when x  (–1, 1), f'(x) < 0
2 2
so f(x) is decreasing on (–1, 1) at x = 1 f'(x) = 2x (e x  e  x )  0
4a  f(x) has a maxima at x = 1
f"(1) = 0 so local minima
(a  2)2 1
at x = 1.  a e
e
ex
f '(t) h(x) = x 2 e x  e  x
2 2

14. g(x) =  1  t 2 dt
0 2 2 2

x 2x x
h '(x)  2x 3 e x  2xe x  2xe  x
f '(e ) x 2a(e  1)e
g'(x) = e  2x 2
= 2x 3 e x  2x(e x  e  x )  0
2 2
1  e2 x (e  ae x  1)2 (1  e 2 x )
g'(x) > 0 when x > 0  h(x) has a maxima at x = 1
g'(x) < 0 when x < 0 1
 c =e
15. f(x) = 2x3 – 15 x2 + 36x – 48 e
Set A = x| x 2
 20  9 x   h(x)  g(x)  f(x)
 x – 9x + 20  0
2
 g(x) also has a maximum value at x = 1
(x–5) (x–4)  0  a = b = c
2 3 4
 x [4, 5] 18. f'(x)=2010(x–2009)(x–2010) (x–2011) (x – 2012)
Now, f'(x) = 6x2 –30 x + 36 = 0  x  R
 x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 f(x) = n(g(x))  x  R
f(x)
x = 2, 3 and f(x)  in x (–, 2)   3,   g(x) = e
f(x)
 In the set A, f(x) is increasing g'(x) = 0  e .f'(x) = 0  f'(x) = 0
 f(x)max = f(5) increasing decreasing decreasing increasing increasing
= 2.125 – 15.25 + 36.5–48 + 2009 – 2010 – 2011 + 2012 +
= 7
local maximum at x = 2009, hence only 1 point.
 p x
16. Lt  1  2   2 19. f(x) = |x| + |(x + 1) (x – 1)|
x 0  x 
x2 – x – 1 x < –1
p(x)
 xLt
2
1 –x – x + 1 –1  x < 0
0 x2
Let p(x) = ax4 + bx3 + cx2  f(x) = –x + x + 1
2
0x<1
p x x2 + x – 1 x1
 xLt =1  c =1
0
x2 y
4 3 2
p(x) = ax + bx + x
Now, p'(x) = 4ax3 + 3bx2 + 2x
 p'(1) = 0, p'(2) = 0
 4a + 3b + 2 = 0
1
1 x
32a + 12b + 4 = 0  a = , b = –1 –1 0 1
4
1 4  f has 5 points where it attains either a
 p(x) = x – x3 + x2  p(2) = 4–8 +4 = 0
4 local maximum or local minimum.
20. Let P'(x) = k(x – 1) (x – 3) 22. ƒ(x) = (a + b) – |b – a|
2
= k(x – 4x + 3) 2a , a  b
 = 2 min (a, b)
 x3  2b , a  b
 P(x) = k   2x 2  3x   c where a = 2|x|, b = |x + 2|

 3 
 P(1) = 6 y
4k
 c 6 ....(1)
3
P(3) = 2
 c = 2 ....(2) x
–2 –2 0
by (i) and (ii) 3
k = 3
 P'(x) = 3(x – 1) (x – 3)
 P'(0) = 9
21. Where P = 8 + 15 + 8 + 15 &  is 2
constant  Local maxima and minima at x = –2,  & 0
3

15

8
Let removed length from each sides is x
Removed area is 4x2 = 100  x = 5
V = (8 – 2x) (15 – 2x)x
V = 120l2x – 46x2 + 4x3
dv
 120 2  92 x  12x 2  0
dx
Put x = 5  1202 – 460 + 300 = 0
122 – 40 + 30 = 0
62 – 23 + 15 = 0
( – 3) (6 – 5) = 0
5
 =3& 
6
d2 v
 92   24 x  120  92 
dx 2
d2 v
at  = 3  0
dx 2
5 d2 v
at    2  0 (rejected)
6 dx