Trigonometry
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Uni LovesLecture Notes: Trigonometry
Introduction to Trigonometry
• Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between angles
and sides of triangles, particularly right-angled triangles.
• It is widely used in fields such as physics, engineering, astronomy, and architecture.
Basics of Trigonometry
1. Right-Angled Triangle:
o The side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse.
o The side opposite the angle of interest is called the opposite side.
o The remaining side is called the adjacent side.
2. Trigonometric Ratios:
o Sine (sin): sin(θ) = opposite / hypotenuse
o Cosine (cos): cos(θ) = adjacent / hypotenuse
o Tangent (tan): tan(θ) = opposite / adjacent
Reciprocal Trigonometric Ratios
• Cosecant (csc): reciprocal of sine. Formula: csc(θ) = 1 / sin(θ) = hypotenuse / opposite
• Secant (sec): reciprocal of cosine. Formula: sec(θ) = 1 / cos(θ) = hypotenuse / adjacent
• Cotangent (cot): reciprocal of tangent. Formula: cot(θ) = 1 / tan(θ) = adjacent / opposite
Pythagorean Identities
1. sin2(θ)+cos2(θ)=1sin^2(θ) + cos^2(θ) = 1
2. 1+tan2(θ)=sec2(θ)1 + tan^2(θ) = sec^2(θ)
3. 1+cot2(θ)=csc2(θ)
Trigonometric Laws
1. Law of Sines: Formula: a / sin(A) = b / sin(B) = c / sin(C)
2. Law of Cosines: Formula: c² = a² + b² - 2ab × cos(C)
3. Area of a Triangle using Trigonometry: Formula: Area = 1/2 × a × b × sin(C)
Unit Circle
• The unit circle is a circle with a radius of 1, centered at the origin of the coordinate plane.
• Key points for trigonometric values:
o sin(θ): y-coordinate of the point on the circle.
o cos(θ): x-coordinate of the point on the circle.
o tan(θ): sin(θ) / cos(θ).
Coordinates of Common Angles on the Unit Circle:
1. (1, 0) at 0°
2. (0, 1) at 90°
3. (-1, 0) at 180°
4. (0, -1) at 270°
Graphing Trigonometric Functions
1. Sine Wave (y=sin(x)y = sin(x)):
o Starts at (0, 0), peaks at π/2π/2, and completes a full period at 2π2π.
2. Cosine Wave (y=cos(x)y = cos(x)):
o Starts at (0, 1), dips at π/2π/2, and completes a full period at 2π2π.
