Long Answer Type Question – I

Q. 1. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25} and R be a

Relation defined from A to B as,
R = {(𝒙, 𝒚) : ∈ A, y ∈ B and y = 𝒙2}
(i) Depict this relation using arrow diagram.
(ii) Find domain of R.
(iii) Find range of R.
(iv) Write co-domain of R. [DDE – 2017]
Sol. Given, A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25} and
R = {(𝑥, y): ∈ A, y ∈ B and y = 𝑥2
(i) Relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16)}

(ii) Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4}

(iii) Range of = {1, 4,9, 16}
(iv) Co-domain of R = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25}
Q. 2. If A = {2, 4, 6, 9} B = {4, 6, 18, 27, 54} and a relation R from A to B is defined
by R = {(a, b): a ∈ A, b ∈ B a is factor of b and a < b}, then find in roster from, Also
find its domain and range.
Sol. Given, A = {2, 4, 6, 9} and B = {4, 6, 18, 27, 54} and R = {(a, b): a ∈ A, b ∈ B, a is a
factor of b and a < b}
Roster form
R = {(2, 4), (2, 6), (2, 18), (2, 54), (6, 18), (6, 54), (9, 18), (9, 27), (9, 54)}
Domain of R = {2, 6, 9}
Range of R = {4, 6, 18, 27, 54}
Q. 3. Let A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. Let R be the relation on A Defined by {(𝒙, y); 𝒙, y
∈ A, 𝒙 is a multiple of y and 𝒙 ≠ y [KVS 2016, Mumbai]
(a) find the relation.
(b) find the domain of R.
(c) find the range of R.
(d) find the inverse relation. [DDE – 2017]
Sol. (i) R = {(4, 2) (6, 2) (8, 2) (6, 3) (9, 3) (8, 4)}
(ii) Domain of R = {4, 6, 8, 9}
(iii) Range of R = {2, 3, 4}
1
(iv) R-1 = {(2, 4) (2, 6) (2, 8) (3, 6) (3, 9) (4, 8)}
𝑅
Q. 4. Define a relation R on the set N of natural numbers by R = {(𝒙, 𝒚): y = 2𝒙 – 1;
𝒙, 𝒚 ∈ N, 𝒙 ≤ 5}. Depict this relationship using roster form, Write down the domain
and range. [KVS 2016, Agra]
Sol. Given y = 2𝑥 – 1 and 𝑥 ≤ 5
for 𝑥 = 1, y = 2 × 1 – 1 = 1
𝑥 = 2, y = 2 × 2 – 1 = 3
𝑥 = 3, y = 2 × 3 – 1 = 5
𝑥 = 4, y = 2 × 4 – 1 = 7
𝑥 = 5, y = 2 × 5 – 1 = 9
Relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 5), (4, 7), (5, 9)}
∴ Domain = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
∴ Range = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
Q. 5. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4 and C = {4, 5, 6}. Find
(i) A × (B ∩ C) (ii) (A × C) ∩ (A × C) [KVS 2014 – 15]
Sol. A {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4}, C = {4, 5, 6}, B ∩ C = {4}
(i) A × (B ∩ C)
= {1, 2, 3} × {4}
= {(1, 4), (2, 4), 3, 4)}
(ii) (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
= {(1, 2, 3} × {3, 4)} ∩ ({1, 2, 3} × {4, 5, 6})
= {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
∩ {(1, 4), 1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5),
(2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
= {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}
𝒙𝟐 , 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐.
Q. 6. Let 𝒇(𝒙) = {
𝟐𝒙, 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟓.
𝒙𝟐 , 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑.
𝒈(𝒙) = {
𝟐𝒙, 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟓.
Show that 𝒇 is a function while g is not a function. [DDE – 2017]
Sol. The relation 𝑓 is defined as
𝑥 2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑓 (𝑥) = {
2𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5
It is observed that for
0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
And 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥
Also, at 𝑥 = 2, 𝑓 (𝑥) = 22 = 4 or 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 × 2 = 4
i,e at 𝑥 = 2, 𝑓 (𝑥) = 4.
Therefore, for 0≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5, the image of 𝑓 (𝑥) are unique
Thus, the given relation ‘𝑓’ is a function.
𝑥 2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
The relation 𝑔 is defined as 𝑔(𝑥) = {
2𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5
It can be observed that for 𝑥 = 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 32 = 9
and 𝑔 (𝑥) = 2 × 3 = 6
Hence, element 3 of the domain of relation ‘𝑔’
corresponds to two different images i.e., 9 and 6.
Hence, this relation is not a function.
Q. 7. Find the domain and range of 𝒇(𝒙) = |𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑| – 𝟑 [DDE – 2017]
Sol. Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = |2𝑥 − 3| − 3
The domain of the expression in all real number expect where the expression is
undefined. In this case, there is not real number that makes the expression undefined.
∴ Domain of 𝑓 = (− ∞, ∞) = R
The absolute value of expression has a ‘𝑉’ shape. The range of a positive absolute
value expression starts at its vertex and extends to infinity.
Range of 𝑓 = [−3, ∞] 𝑜𝑟 {𝑦/𝑦 ≥ − 3}

Q. 8. Draw the graph of the greatest Integer Function [DDE – 2017]

Sol. The greatest integer function is denoted by y = [𝑥]. For all real number, 𝑥, the
greatest integer function returns the largest integer less than or equal to 𝑥.

Value of 𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) = [𝒙]

. .
. .
–3≤𝑥<–2 –3
–2≤𝑥<–1 –2
–1≤𝑥<–0 –1
0≤𝑥<1 0
1≤𝑥<2 1
2≤𝑥<3 2
3≤𝑥<4 3
. .
. .

Q. 9. Draw the graph of constant function: R → R; 𝒇(𝒙) = 2 ∀ 𝒙 ∈ R. Also, find its

domain and range [DDE – 2017]
Sol. Given: R → R: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ R

Domain = R and range = {2}

Q. 10. Draw the graph of the function |𝒙 − 𝟐| [DDE = 2017]
Sol. Clearly,
𝑥−2 𝑥−2≥0
𝑦 = |𝑥 − 2| = {
−(𝑥 − 2), 𝑥−2<0
𝑥 − 2, 𝑥 ≥ 2
={
2 − 𝑥, 𝑥 < 2
We know that, a linear equation in 𝑥 and y represents a line for drawing a line, we need
only two points for y = 𝑥 – 2
𝑥 2 4
𝑦 4 2

So, plot the points P (2, 0), Q (4, 2) and join PQ to get the graph of y = 𝑥 – 2 for y = 2 –
x
𝑥 1 0
𝑦 1 2

Plot the points R (1, 1), So (0, 2) and join RS to get the graph of y = y = 2 – 𝑥

Find the domain and range of the following real functions (Questions 11 – 16)

Q. 11. 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒

|𝒙−𝟏|
Q. 12. 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝒙−𝟏
|𝒙−𝟏|
Q. 13. 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝒙−𝟏

𝒙𝟐 −𝟗
Q. 14. 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝒙−𝟑
𝟒−𝒙
Q. 15. 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝒙−𝟒

Q. 16. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏 − |𝒙 − 𝟑|
Sol. 11. Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 + 4
Domain of 𝑓: We observe that 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for all 𝑥 satisfying 𝑥2 + 4 ≥ 0
∴ Domain = The set of all real number
=R
∴ Range of:
Let y = 𝑓 (𝑥)

𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 4

𝑥 = √𝑦 2 − 4

𝑥 is defined, y2 – 4 ≥ 0
(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 2) ≥ 0

∴ Range of 𝑓 = ( – ∞, – 2] ∪ [2, ∞)
𝑥+1
Sol. 12. Given, 𝑓 (𝑥) =
𝑥−2
Domain: We known that 𝑓 (𝑥) is defined when 𝑥 – 2 ≠ 0
i.e., 𝑥 ≠ 2
∴ The Domain is all values of 𝑥 that makes the expression defined i.e.,
Domain of 𝑓 = R – {2}
Range:
Let y = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥+1
∴ 𝑦=
𝑥−2
Y (𝑥 – 2) = 𝑥 + 1
𝑥 (y – 1) = 2y + 1
2𝑦+1
𝑥=
𝑦−1

∵ 𝑥 is defined, when y – 1 ≠ 0 i. e., y ≠ 1

∴ Range of 𝑓 = R – {1}
|𝑥−1|
Sol. 13. Given, 𝑓 (𝑥) =
𝑥−1
Domain: Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for all 𝑥 ← R
except 𝑥 = 1
 →
∴ Domain of 𝑓 = R – { 1 }

𝑥−1
Range: Now, 𝑓 (𝑥) = = 1, when 𝑥 > 1
𝑥−1
−(𝑥−1)
And 𝑓(𝑥) = = −1, when 𝑥 < 1
𝑥−1

∴ Range of 𝑓 = {– 1, 1}
𝑥 2 −9
Sol. 14. Given, 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−3

Domain: Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for all 𝑥 ∈ R expect 𝑥 = 3

∴ Domain of 𝑓 = R – {3} = (−∞, 3),∪ (3, ∞)
Range: Let y = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 2 −9
∴ 𝑦= ⇒𝑦 =𝑥+3
𝑥−3

It follow from the above relation that y takes all real values except 6 when 𝑥 takes
values in the set R – {3}
∴ Range of 𝑓 = R – {6}
4−𝑥
Sol. 15. Given, 𝑓 (𝑥) =
𝑥−4
Domain: Clearly, 𝑓 (𝑥) is defined for all 𝑥 ∈ R expect 𝑥 = 4
∴ Domain of 𝑓 = R – {4 } = (−∞, 4),∪ (4, ∞)
Range: Let y = 𝑓(𝑥)
4−𝑥
⇒𝑦=
𝑥−4
−(𝑥 − 4)
⇒𝑦= = −1
𝑥−4

∴ Range of 𝑓 = {– 1}
Sol. 16. Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 – |𝑥 − 3|
Domain: We observe that 𝑓 (𝑥) is defined for all 𝑥 ∈ R
∴ Domain of 𝑓 = R
Range: Now,
0 ≤ |𝑥 − 3| < ∞∀∈ 𝑅
⇒ −∞ < −|𝑥 − 3| ≤ 0 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
⇒ −∞ < −|∀ − 3| ≤ 1 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
 ⇒ −∞ < 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 1 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
Hence, Range of 𝑓 = (−∞, 1)
Q. 17. Determine a quadratic function (𝒇) is defined by 𝒇 (𝒙) = ax2 + b𝒙 + c. If 𝒇 (0)
= 6, 𝒇(2) = 1, 𝒇(– 3) = 6. [DDE – 2017]
Sol. Given, 𝑓 (𝑥) = a𝑥2 + b𝑥 + c.
At 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓(0) = 6 (given)
∴a×0+b×0+c=6
∴c=6 (i)
At 𝑥 = 2, 𝑓(2) = 1 (given)

∴ a(2)2 + b(2) + c = 1

⇒ 4a + 2b + 6 = 1 (using (i))
⇒ 4a + 2b = – 5 (ii)
At 𝑥 = – 3, 𝑓(–3) = 6

∴ a(– 3)2 + b(– 3) + c = 6

⇒ 9a – 3b + 6 = 6 (using (i))
⇒ 9a – 3b = 0 (iii)
On solving eqs. (ii) And (iii), we get
1 3
𝑎 = − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = −
2 2
−1 −3
∴ Required quadratic function (𝑓) = 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 6
2 2

𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙 𝒙 < 𝟎
Q. 18. 𝒇(𝒙) = {
𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙, 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎

Also, find its range.

1 + 2𝑥 𝑥 < 0
Sol. Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = {
3 + 5𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0
Here, 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 2𝑥, 𝑥 <0, this given
𝑓 (– 4) = 1 + 2(– 4) = – 7
𝑓(– 3) = – 1 + 2(–3) = – 5
𝑓(–2) = 1 + 2(– 2) = – 3
𝑓(–1) = 1 + 2(–1) = – 1
and 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 + 5𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0
 𝑓(0) = 3 + 5(0) = 3
𝑓(1) = 3 + 5(1) = 8
𝑓(2) = 3 + 5(2) = 13
𝑓(3) = 3 + 5(3) = 18
𝑓(4) = 3 + 5(4) = 23
Now the graph of 𝑓 is as shown in following figure.

Range Let y, 𝑓 (𝑥), 𝑥 < 0

∴ y1 = 1 + 2𝑥, 𝑥 < 0
𝑦1 −1
∴𝑥 = ,𝑥 < 0
2

∵ < 0 ⇒ y1 – 1 < 0 ⇒ y1 < 1

Let y2 = 𝑓 (𝑥), 𝑥 ≥ 0
⇒ y2 = 3 + 5𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑦2 −3
⇒𝑥= ,𝑥 ≥ 0
5

∵ 𝑥 ≥ 0 ⇒ y2 – 3 ≥ 0 ⇒ y2 ≥ 3
Therefore, range of 𝑓 (–∞, 1), ∪ [3, ∞)
Q. 19. Draw the graph of the function
|𝑥|
𝑥≠ 0
𝑓(𝑥) { 𝑥
0, 𝑥=0
Also, find its range. [DDE – 2017]
|𝑥|
𝑥≠ 0
Sol. Given 𝑓(𝑥) { 𝑥
0, 𝑥=0

The given function is called the signum function and can be write as
1, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 > 0
𝑓(𝑥) = { 0, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0
−1, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 0

The domain of 𝑓 = R and the range of 𝑓 = {– 1, 0, 1}

Find the domain of the following functions: (Question 20 – 21)

𝟏
Q. 20. 𝒇(𝒙) =
√𝒙+|𝒙|

𝟏
Q. 21. 𝒇(𝒙) =
√𝒙 − |𝒙|

1
Sol. 20. Given, 𝑓(𝑥) =
√𝑥 + |𝑥|

We know that,
𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 0
|𝑥| = {
−𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 0
𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑥 + |𝑥| = {
−𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 0
2𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑥 + |𝑥| = {
0, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 0
1
Now, 𝑓(𝑥) = assume real values, if
√𝑥 + |𝑥|
 𝑥 + |𝑥| > 0
⇒𝑥>0
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)
Hence, Domain (𝑓) = (0, ∞)
1
Sol. 21. Given, 𝑓(𝑥)
√𝑥− |𝑥|

We know that,
𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 0
|𝑥| = {
−𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 0
𝑥−𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑥 - |𝑥| = {𝑥 + 𝑥,
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 0
0, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑥 - |𝑥| = {
2𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 0
= 𝑥 − |𝑥| ≤ 0 For all 𝑥
1
does not take real values for any 𝑥 ∈ R 1
√𝑥 − |𝑥|

⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is not defined for any 𝑥 ∈ R Hence, Domain (𝑓) = 𝜙