CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

This research uses qualitative research method with descriptive qualitative. Cause

Qualitative method was chosen because this research aims to provide case insight on

analysis humor as pedagogical tool to enhance interest students speak in English learning

at Abi Manap Islamic Senior High School.

Qualitative research began to gain recognition in the 1970s. The phrase “qualitative

research” was until the marginalized as a discipline of anthropology or sociology, and

terms like ethnography, fieldwork, participant observation and Chicago school (sociology)

were used instead.

This research used descriptive qualitative method. Based on Sugiyono (2010) who

states that qualitative research is descriptive. It means that collected data was in the form

of words rather than number. In addition, Gay (2006) who said that qualitative research is

the collection, analysis, and interpretation of comprehensive narrative and visual data in

order to gain insights into a particular phenomenon. In other hand, Bogdan & Biklen

(1982) who said that qualitative research is a research which investigates the quality of

relationships, activities, situations, or materials. Furthermore, the purpose of qualitative

research focused on promoting a deep understanding of a particular phenomenon such,

environment, a process, or even belief. In this case, the writer collected, analyzed, and

interpreted the data and then described it. This method intended to describe everything

related to the topic of the research. Where, the writer described about the types of humor
was used bythe teachers and the effect of teacher’s humor to students’ interest to speak

english in EFL classroom context.

According to Sukardi "descriptive research is a research method that seeks to

systematically describe the characteristics of objects to be examined properly". (Sukardi,

2003)

According to Nazir (1988), the descriptive method is a method that examines the

status of human groups, an object, a set of conditions, a system of thought or a class event

in the present. The purpose of this descriptive study is to make a description, description,

or painting systematically, factually and accurately of the facts, the characteristics and the

relationship between phenomena investigated. While according to Sugiyono (2005) states

that descriptive method is a method used to describe or analyze the results of research but

does not make broader conclusions. According to Whitney (1960), the descriptive method

is the search for facts with the right interpretation.

In this study, in general there will be 3 possible problems brought by the researcher to

the research, including the following:

1. The problem that researchers bring is a fixed problem, namely the title of a qualitative

descriptive study from the beginning of the proposal until the end of the report remains

the same.

2. The problem proposed by the researcher becomes more developed and deeper after the

researcher conducts the research in the field, in this case there are not too many things

that change, only need improvement.

completely, there will be a change of object problems thoroughly and will be different

from the initial research before entering the research field.

Each study certainly has different objectives, including qualitative descriptive

research. The purpose of this research is not only to explain thoroughly the problems that

will be examined and observed, but also other purposes. The purpose of qualitative

descriptive research will be a guideline for us when conducting a study.

B. Research Setting

The research was conducted at the Abi Manap Islamic Senior High School. It is the

Foundation of Abi Manap Islamic High School in 11 IPS class which located Jl. Jejangkit

Village Tel. (0815) 4923-3779 Bataguh District, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan.

C. Participants

According to Sugiyono (2008) The research subjects were people who were sampled

in a study included in the study. In qualitative research does not use the term population,

but it is called a social situation consisting of three elements, namely place (place), actors

(actors), and activities (activities) that interact synergistically. In qualitative research, the

determination of data sources in the students studied is done purposively, which is chosen

with certain considerations and objectives. According to Sugiyono said: Purposive

sampling is "sampling technique of data sources with certain considerations. This

particular consideration is for example the person who is considered to know about what

we expect or maybe he is the ruler so that it will be easier for researchers to explore the

object or situation under study. Or in other words sampling is taken based on research

needs ".
 Based on the purposive sampling technique, the writer chose English teacher and

students of Abi Manap Islamic Senior High School in Jejangkit Village. In order for

researchers took all of class (XI IPS). The reason why the researcher took the XI class

because in this class look more different then other class, the class more active when

English study in Speak specially.

Therefore, the writer chose English teachers and students in Abi Manap Islamic High

School. English teacher as a subject of the research who was as qulified and certified

teacher, humorist, and had a lot of teaching experience. The reason why the researcher

choose all of class cause want to know what there are have different humor that teacher

use enhance student’s speak in every class or not. All of the results of this research argued

that teachers or lecturers with old experience in teaching more effective than the other way

that he teached before. Hence, the teacher who was chosen by the writer as subject of the

research was Mr. K.

This is based on information and at the consideration of the teacher who teaches

English in that class.

D. Data

1. Data Types

The data used in this study is qualitative. Qualitative data, namely data

presented in the form of verbal words not in the form of numbers including qualitative

data in this study, namely general description of research objects, including: A brief

history of the establishment, geographical location of objects, Vision and Mission,

organizational structure, the state of the teacher, the state of the students, the state of

facilities and infrastructure, standard assessment and the implementation of teaching

students to speak English.

2. Data Sources

The meaning of data sources in research is the subject from which data can be obtained. In

this study the authors used two data sources, namely:

a. Primary data sources, namely data that is directly collected by researchers (or their

officers) from their first source. As for the primary data sources in this study were

principals, teachers and students at Abi Manap Islamic Senior High School.

b. Secondary data sources, namely data directly collected by researchers as support from

the first source. It can also be said that data is arranged in the form of documents

(photo and video). In this study, observation and interviews are secondary data

sources.

E. Technique of Data Collection

Instrument validity is done by means of Expert Judgment, which is to consult

instruments that have been made to several experts.

The technique of collecting data in descriptive has some varieties of technique

including interviews, observation, questioner, action research, focus meetings, analysis of

diaries and other personal text.

The technique which use in this research to find the data through observasition and

interviews. It is mean that the researcher gathering data through some participant’s when

their study english then did interviews.

1. Observations

In this research, the writer used observations checklist to get the data in the classroom.

Observation checklist was a list of things that an observer is going to look at when
 observing a class. Furthermore, observation checklist gave a structure and frameworks

for an observation about the types of humor were used by the teacher in the classroom.

Furthermore, the writer fulfilled the observation checklist while observing the

classroom interaction how they speak english in class based on the occurrences of

humor in the teacher’s utterances.

2. Interview

Interview is a good way to obtain subjects’ opinions and/or feelings about a

certain topic, event or action in a highly personal and detailed level (Kvale &

Brinkmann, 2009; McDonough & McDonough, 1997; Punch, 2009). In addition,

interview was a way of collecting data by delivering some questions to the informants

directly. The writer used an interview to students. It was useful as an instrument to get

main information about the topic of the research. In conducting interview, the writer

used semi-structured interview. Which this interview was called as in-depth interview

where in applying was freer than structured interview. It is related to Bernard (1998)

who said that semi-structured interview is the best used when you won’t get more

than one chance to interview someone and when you will be sending several

interviewers out into the field to collect the data.

F. Data Analysis

This study uses data analysis according to Miles and Huberman. The data analysis

model from Miles and Huberman is also called the Interactive Model. Miles and

Huberman as quoted by Heris Herdiansyah state that there are four stages carried out in

the processing of qualitative data, namely data collection, data reduction, data display

stages, and conclusions or verification (Sugiyono, 2008, p. 45).These stages are

interrelated during and after data collection.

analyzing data, researchers used the following steps:

1. Data Reduction

Data obtained from the field is still in the form or in the form of detailed

descriptions or reports that will be difficult to digest if not reduced, Sugiyono said that

"reducing means summarizing, choosing the main things, focusing on the important

things, looking for themes and the pattern and throw away the unnecessary ”.

(Sugiyono, 2008, p. 92)

Data from the test results and from observations and interview were compared

to obtain valid data, then data reduction was carried out. Data reduction that the

researcher is doing is analyzing the stages or steps taken by the student then the

researcher summarizes, chooses the important things, discards the data that is not

needed. Thus the data that has been reduced can provide a clear picture of the research

conducted by researchers, so that it can facilitate researchers to carry out further data

collection.

2. Data Display

The second analysis activity was data display. The display means organized

information that leads the writer to draw conclusion. Data display showed based on

the research focus. It included displaying data in written text in terms of extracts

3. Verification / Withdrawal Conclusion

The third step of the analysis activity is drawing conclusions or verification.

Sugiyono said:
 "The initial conclusions put forward are still temporary, and will change if no

strong evidence is found that supports the next stage of data collection. But what if the

conclusions put forward at the initial stage are supported by valid and consistent

evidence when the researcher returns to the field of collecting data, then the

conclusions put forward are credible conclusions " (Sugiyono, 2008, p. 45).

Taking conclusions and verification, is done by drawing conclusions on the

summary of data that appears in the display data so that the data has meaning.

Verification or conclusion that the researcher will do is to draw conclusions from the

results of the data that have been obtained in the field both the data from the

researchers' initial research and the data that the researchers have obtained when

conducting research that has been presented in the form of text in data displays.