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MAT 201 Lesson - 6

This document outlines Lecture 6 of MAT 201, focusing on real-valued functions of two or three variables, including definitions, domains, ranges, and graphing techniques. It explains the concept of functions of two variables, vertical traces, and introduces functions of more than two variables, along with their applications. Additionally, it includes an assignment related to level surfaces and vertical traces for specific functions.

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6 views10 pages

MAT 201 Lesson - 6

This document outlines Lecture 6 of MAT 201, focusing on real-valued functions of two or three variables, including definitions, domains, ranges, and graphing techniques. It explains the concept of functions of two variables, vertical traces, and introduces functions of more than two variables, along with their applications. Additionally, it includes an assignment related to level surfaces and vertical traces for specific functions.

Uploaded by

Oasis Tech
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAT 201 - MATHEMATICAL METHODS I

LECTURE 6: REAL-VALUED FUNCTIONS OF TWO OR THREE


VARIABLES
LECTURE C24-1-6 :: MON., JAN. 20, 2025 8:00 AM (WAT) - FRI., JAN. 24,
2025 6:00 PM (WAT)

Prepared by Dr. Ashiribo Senapon WUSU


Email: [email protected] | Phone:
08026479471
Mathematics, Lagos State University.
:
FUNCTIONS OF TWO VARIABLES
The definition of a function of two variable
definition for a function of one variable. Th
instead of mapping values of one variable
variable, we map ordered pairs of variable
:
Definition: function of two variables: A function of two variables
z = f(x, y) maps each ordered pair (x, y) in a subset D of the real
plane R2 to a unique real number z. The set D is called the domain of
the function. The range of f is the set of all real numbers z that has at
least one ordered pair (x, y) ∈ D such that f(x, y) = z .
:
DOMAINS AND RANGES FOR FUNCTIONS OF TWO VARIABLES
f(x, y) = 3x + 5y + 2
This is an example of a linear function in two variables. There are no
values or combinations of x and y that cause f(x, y) to be undefined,
so the domain of f is R2 . To determine the range, first pick a value for
z. We need to find a solution to the equation f(x, y) = z , or
3x − 5y + 2 = z . One such solution can be obtained by first setting
y = 0 , which yields the equation 3x + 2 = z . The solution to this
equation is x = (z − 2)/3 , which gives the ordered pair ( z−23
, 0) as a
solution to the equation f(x, y) = z for any value of z. Therefore, the
range of the function is all real numbers, or R .
:
DOMAINS AND RANGES FOR FUNCTIONS OF TWO VARIABLES
−−−−−−−−−
For the function g(x, y) = √9 − x2 − y 2 to have a real value, the
quantity under the square root must be nonnegative:
9 − x2 − y 2 ≥ 0.
This inequality can be written in the form
x2 + y 2 ≤ 9
Therefore, the domain of g(x, y) is
{(x, y) ∈ R2 |x2 + y 2 ≤ 9}
:
FUNCTIONS OF TWO VARIABLES
Definition: Vertical Traces: Consider a function z = f(x, y) with
domain D ⊂ R2 . A vertical trace of the function can be either the set
of points that solves the equation f(a, y) = z for a given constant
x = a or f(x, b) = z for a given constant y = b .
:
GRAPHING FUNCTIONS OF TWO VARIABLES
Suppose we wish to graph the function z = f(x, y) . This function has
two independent variables (x and y ) and one dependent variable (z).
When graphing a function y = f(x) of one variable, we use the
Cartesian plane. We are able to graph any ordered pair (x,y) in the
plane, and every point in the plane has an ordered pair (x, y )
associated with it. With a function of two variables , each ordered pair (
x, y ) in the domain of the function is mapped to a real number z.
Therefore, the graph of the function f consists of ordered triples
(x, y, z) . The graph of a function z = f(x, y) of two variables is called
a surface.
:
FUNCTIONS OF MORE THAN TWO VARIABLES
It is useful to take a brief look at functions of more than two variables.
f(x, y, z) = x2 − 2xy + y 2 + 3yz − z 2 + 4x − 2y + 3x − 6

a polynomial in three variables
2 2
g(x, y, t) = (x − 4xy + y ) sin t − (3x + 5y) cos t

In the first function, (x, y, z) represents a point in space,


and the function f maps each point in space to a fourth
quantity, such as temperature or wind speed. In the
second function, (x, y) can represent a point in the
plane, and t can represent time. The function might
map a point in the plane to a third quantity (for
example, pressure) at a given time t.
:
FUNCTIONS OF THREE VARIABLES
Definition: Level surface: Given a function f(x, y, z) and a number c in
the range of f , a level surface of a function of three variables is defined
to be the set of points satisfying the equation f(x, y, z) = c .
:
ASSIGNMENT
Find the equation of the level surface of the function
g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 2x + 4y − 6z corresponding to c = 2
, and describe the surface, if possible.
Find vertical traces for the function f(x, y) = sin x cos y
corresponding to x = −π/4, 0 , and π/4, and y = −π/4, 0 , and
π/4
:

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