Phase 2.1
Phase 2.1
Group Members:
1.ABSTRACT
The project titled "AI Integration for Improving Sensor Data Quality in Predictive
Maintenance" addresses the challenges in leveraging sensor data for predictive maintenance by
deploying a robust AI-based solution architecture. The architecture is designed to preprocess raw
sensor data, engineer meaningful features, train machine learning models, and provide actionable
predictions.
Purpose:
A simple line plot of raw sensor data over time allows for a quick visual inspection of data
trends and potential anomalies.
Justification:
Raw sensor data often contains noise, outliers, or missing values. Visualizing the raw data
helps detect these issues and provides an initial understanding of the data's behavior.
plt.plot(timestamps, sensor_data)
plt.title("Raw Sensor Data")
plt.xlabel("Timestamp")
plt.ylabel("Sensor Value")
plt.show()
Purpose:
After noise reduction, it is crucial to compare the raw data to the smoothed version to
understand the impact of noise filtering.
Justification:
Noise in sensor data can obscure meaningful patterns. Smoothing techniques, such as
Savitzky-Golay filters, help highlight trends and remove random fluctuations.
Purpose:
Highlighting predicted anomalies or failures within sensor data helps in assessing how
well the model performs in detecting critical events.
Justification:
It is essential to validate the model’s ability to detect anomalies, such as sensor failures
or other abnormal behaviors, by comparing predicted points to actual sensor data.
plt.plot(timestamps, sensor_data)
plt.scatter(anomaly_times, anomaly_values, color='red', label="Detected Anomalies")
plt.legend()
plt.show()
AI DATA ANALYST
PHASE 2
2.4 Correlation Matrix Visualization
Purpose:
A correlation heatmap visualizes relationships between different features (e.g., readings
from different sensors), helping to identify dependencies that may influence the
prediction model.
Justification:
Understanding correlations between features is crucial for feature selection. Strongly
correlated features might be redundant, while weakly correlated features could provide
unique insights.
Purpose:
A line plot can be used to visualize the overall health of sensors over time, showing trends
in sensor data that indicate failure or performance degradation.
Justification:
Monitoring the cumulative trends of metrics such as failure rates or sensor reliability is
essential for detecting long-term trends that might not be apparent in short-term data.
Purpose:
Interactive plots, such as those made with Plotly, allow users to explore the data by zooming,
filtering, and examining individual data points.
Justification:
Interactivity enhances the user's ability to investigate specific anomalies or trends in the
dataset, providing a more hands-on approach to data exploration.
import plotly.express as px
fig = px.line(x=timestamps, y=sensor_data, labels={'x': 'Time', 'y': 'Sensor Value'},
title="Interactive Sensor Data Plot")
fig.show()
AI DATA ANALYST
PHASE 2
3. Data Preparation Techniques
Data preparation is critical to building robust AI models. It ensures that the data used for training
and testing is clean, relevant, and structured. The following preparation techniques are
recommended:
Description:
Missing values in sensor data can arise due to device malfunctions or data collection issues.
These gaps must be filled before proceeding with analysis.
Approach:
Use imputation techniques (e.g., mean or median imputation) to replace missing
values. In cases of large gaps, interpolation or time-series-based methods can be
employed.
sensor_data.fillna(sensor_data.median(), inplace=True)
Description:
Outliers can distort data analysis and model performance. Identifying and removing them is
vital for ensuring accurate predictions.
Approach:
Statistical techniques, such as the Z-score method or Interquartile Range (IQR), can be
used to detect and remove extreme values that lie outside the expected rang
Description:
Noise in sensor data can be caused by environmental factors or sensor limitations. Applying
noise reduction techniques improves the clarity of the data.
Approach:
Smoothing techniques like Savitzky-Golay filters, moving averages, or Gaussian smoothing
can be applied to reduce high-frequency noise.
AI DATA ANALYST
PHASE 2
3.4 Feature Engineering
Description:
Feature engineering involves creating new features or transforming existing ones to
improve model performance.
Approach:
Compute rolling statistics (e.g., mean, standard deviation) or lag features that capture temporal
trends. These features provide additional context for the model, helping it recognize long-term
patterns.
rolling_mean = sensor_data.rolling(window=5).mean()
rolling_std = sensor_data.rolling(window=5).std()
a. Isolation Forest
Description:
Isolation Forest is an unsupervised learning algorithm designed for anomaly detection. It
works by isolating observations through recursive partitioning, making it well- suited for
detecting rare events or outliers.
Justification:
Isolation Forest is highly efficient for high-dimensional datasets and does not require
labeled data, making it ideal for sensor data anomaly detection.
b. Random Forest
Description:
Random Forest is an ensemble method that combines multiple decision trees to improve
prediction accuracy. It works well for classification tasks, such as predicting sensor failures
based on historical data.
Justification:
Random Forest can handle both numerical and categorical data and is effective in
capturing complex relationships within the data. It also provides feature importance
scores, which can help in understanding the most influential features.
AI DATA ANALYST
PHASE 2
Description:
If sensor data includes unstructured logs or maintenance records, NLP techniques like keyword
extraction or sentiment analysis can be used to detect recurring issues.
Justification:
NLP can process sensor logs or reports that might provide early warnings about sensor
behavior, especially in scenarios where sensor data is complemented by text- based
maintenance logs.
5. Conclusion
The combination of effective visualizations, data preparation techniques, and AI models allows for a
comprehensive approach to sensor data analysis. Visualization helps uncover patterns, identify
anomalies, and assess model performance, while data preparation ensures that the data is clean and
suitable for training. AI models like Isolation Forest and Random Forest offer strong tools for
detecting anomalies and predicting failures. By utilizing these techniques, predictive maintenance
systems can be enhanced, reducing downtime and improving operational efficiency
AI DATA ANALYST
PHASE 2
AI DATA ANALYST
PHASE 2
AI DATA ANALYST
PHASE 2
AI DATA ANALYST