IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST
BENEFICENT, THE MOST MERCIFUL.
Sediment Transport
(CE-5122)
Dr. Ateeq-ur-Rauf
Department of Civil Engineering,
U.E.T Peshawar
Sediment Transport Lecture # 10
Lecture # 10
Total Load Transport Formulas
Dr. Ateeq-ur-Rauf Department of Civil Engineering U.E.T * 3
Total Load Formulas
Lecture # 10
TOTAL LOAD TRANSPORT FORMULAS
• Many researchers gave the expressions in order to
estimate the Total load Transport. Some of them are
as under:
Bagnold’s Stream Power Formula
Ackers and White’s Formula
Engelund & Hansen’s Formula
Yang’s Formula
Shen and Hung’s Formula
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Total Load Formulas
Lecture # 10
TOTAL LOAD TRANSPORT FORMULAS
• Based on Mode of Transportation:
Total load = Bed-load + Suspended load
• Based on Source of Material Being Transported:
Total load = Bed-load Material + Wash load
Note: Mostly total load equations are actually total bed material
load equations. In the comparison between computed and
measured total bed-material, wash load should be subtracted
from measurement before comparison in most of cases.
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Total Load Formulas
Lecture # 10
Bagnold’s stream power Formula
• Developed a bed sediment transport formula on the concepts of
energy balance.
• Stated that the available power of the flow, supplies the energy for
bed sediment transport.
• Final bed sediment transport equation combines bedload and
suspended load:
𝝉o = bed shear stress; G = specific gravity; V= flow velocity
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Total Load Formulas
Lecture # 10
Ackers and White’s Approach:
•Based on Bagnold’s stream power concept they applied
dimensional analysis and obtain the following relationship.
-------(10.3)
Where: Fgr = Mobility number for sediment,
U* =Shear Velocity, n=0 for coarse sediments and
n= unity for fine sediments
𝜶=coefficient in rough turbulent equation =10
n=Transition component, depending on sediment size
d=Sediment particle size and D=Water depth,
dgr= dimensionless grain diameter
V = Average flow velocity -----(10.2)
Where: υ = Kinematic Viscosity
Dr. Ateeq-ur-Rauf Department of Civil Engineering U.E.T * 7
Total Load Formulas
Lecture # 10
Ackers and White’s Approach
A general dimensionless sediment transport
function can be expressed as
Note: The Values of n, A, m, and C were determined by Ackers and White based on best
curves of laboratory data with sediment size greater than 0.04mm and Froud Number
less than 0.8.
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Total Load Formulas
Lecture # 10
Engelund & Hansen’s Approach
• They also applied Bagnold’s stream power concept and
similarity principle to obtain a sediment transport
function.
--------(10.7)
Where Ct= Total concentration by weight
G = specific Gravity
V = velocity of flow
R= hydraulic radius
For wide channel R= D= Water depth
d = median particle size
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Total Load Formulas
Lecture # 10
Yang Approach
• used the concept of unit stream power( velocity slope
product) and obtained following expression by running
regression analysis for 463 sets of laboratory data
-----------(10.8)
-------(10.9)
-------(10.10)
Dr. Ateeq-ur-Rauf Department of Civil Engineering U.E.T * 10
Total Load Formulas
Lecture # 10
Shen and Hung’s Formula
They recommended a regression equation based on 587 sets of
laboratory data in the sand size range.
Their regression equation is
…. (10.11)
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Total Load Formulas
Lecture # 10
Link for the Chapter 3 “ Non Cohesive
Sediment Transport “of the Book “Erosion
and sedimentation manual” and link for the
Book “Erosion and Sedimentation Second
Edition”
https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=6D9RAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA25&dq=Bagnol
d%E2%80%99s+stream+power+concept+and+similarity+principle&hl=en&sa=X&ved
=2ahUKEwj52Lygp_TuAhUiQkEAHYddDvUQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=B
agnold%E2%80%99s%20stream%20power%20concept%20and%20similarity%20pri
nciple&f=false
And
https://www.academia.edu/40522946/This_page_intentionally_left_blank
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Total Load Formulas
Lecture # 10
Numerical Problems
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Total Load Formulas
Lecture # 10
Question # 1: The following data was collected from a river:
Median particle size, d50=0.283 mm
Velocity, V=3.7 ft/sec
Slope, S= 0.00169
Water Temperature, T=14.4°C=57.9°F
Average Depth, D= 1.73 ft
Channel Width, W=71 ft
The measured total bed-material concentration was 1900 ppm
by weight. Assume the bed material is fairly uniform .Compute
the total bed material concentration, Ct by the following
methods.
•Yang (1973)
•Ackers and White
•Engelund and Hansen
•Shen and Hung
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3.7
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