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Practising Problems On Vector Spaces

The document contains a series of problems and proofs related to vector spaces, including definitions, properties of vector addition and scalar multiplication, and examples of specific sets that may or may not form vector spaces. It covers concepts such as uniqueness of the additive identity and additive inverses, as well as operations on polynomials and matrices. The document concludes with a proof that the Cartesian product of two vector spaces is also a vector space.

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Swastik Sardar XI-S (HriK)
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17 views2 pages

Practising Problems On Vector Spaces

The document contains a series of problems and proofs related to vector spaces, including definitions, properties of vector addition and scalar multiplication, and examples of specific sets that may or may not form vector spaces. It covers concepts such as uniqueness of the additive identity and additive inverses, as well as operations on polynomials and matrices. The document concludes with a proof that the Cartesian product of two vector spaces is also a vector space.

Uploaded by

Swastik Sardar XI-S (HriK)
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practising problems on Vector Spaces

1. Define a vector space.

2. If 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are vectors in a vector space 𝑉 such that 𝑥 + 𝑧 = 𝑦 + 𝑧, show that 𝑥 = 𝑦.

3. Prove that the additive identity ‘0’ in a vector space 𝑉 is unique.

4. For each 𝑥 in a vector space 𝑉, the additive inverse 𝑦 of 𝑥 (i.e. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0) is unique.

5. In a vector space 𝑉 over 𝐹 show that (𝛼 + 𝛽)(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛼𝑦 + 𝛽𝑥 + 𝛽𝑦 for any 𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ 𝐹 and


𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑉.

6. In a vector space 𝑉 over 𝐹 show that:

i) 0𝑥 = 0 for every 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉.
ii) (−𝛼)𝑥 = −𝛼𝑥 = 𝛼(−𝑥) for every 𝛼 ∈ 𝐹 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉.
iii) 𝛼0 = 0 for every 𝛼 ∈ 𝐹.

7. Let 𝑉 = R be the set consisting of all the 𝑛-tuples with entries from R. For elements 𝑎 =
(𝑎 , 𝑎 , … , 𝑎 ) ∈ 𝑉 and 𝑏 = (𝑏, 𝑏 , … , 𝑏 ) ∈ 𝑉 and 𝛼 ∈ R we define
𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 , 𝑎 + 𝑏 , … , 𝑎 + 𝑏 ) and 𝛼𝑎 == (𝛼𝑎 , 𝛼𝑎 , … , 𝛼𝑎 ).
Prove that 𝑉 is a vector space over R under these operations of addition and scalar multiplication.

8. Let 𝑆 = {(𝑎 , 𝑎 ): 𝑎 , 𝑎 ∈ R}. For (𝑎 , 𝑎 ), (𝑏 , 𝑏 ) ∈ 𝑆 and 𝛼 ∈ R we define


(𝑎 , 𝑎 ) + (𝑏 , 𝑏 ) = (𝑎 + 𝑏 , 𝑎 − 𝑏 ) and 𝛼(𝑎 , 𝑎 ) = (𝛼𝑎 , 𝛼𝑎 ).
Prove that 𝑆 is not a vector space over R under these operations of addition and scalar multiplication.

9. i) Define a polynomial.

ii) Define the degree of a polynomial.

ii) Let R[𝑥] denote the collection of all polynomials with coefficients from R. Let 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑔(𝑥) be two
elements in R[𝑥] defined by
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 + 𝑎 𝑥 + ⋯ + 𝑎 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑏 + 𝑏 𝑥 + ⋯ + 𝑏 𝑥 .
Suppose that 𝑚 ≤ 𝑛. We define
𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑎 + 𝑏 ) + (𝑎 + 𝑏 )𝑥 + ⋯ + (𝑎 + 𝑏 )𝑥 +𝑎 𝑥 +⋯+ 𝑎 𝑥
and 𝛼𝑓(𝑥) = 𝛼𝑎 + 𝛼𝑎 𝑥 + ⋯ + 𝛼𝑎 𝑥 . Prove that R[𝑥] is a vector space over R under these
operations of addition and scalar multiplication.
10. Let 𝑉 denote the set of ordered pairs of real numbers (i.e. 𝑉 = {(𝑎 , 𝑎 ): 𝑎 , 𝑎 ∈ R}). For
(𝑎 , 𝑎 ), (𝑏 , 𝑏 ) ∈ 𝑉 and 𝛼 ∈ R we define
(𝑎 , 𝑎 ) + (𝑏 , 𝑏 ) = (𝑎 + 𝑏 , 𝑎 + 𝑏 ) and 𝛼(𝑎 , 𝑎 ) = (𝛼𝑎 , 0).
Prove that 𝑉 is not a vector space over R under these operations of addition and scalar multiplication.

11. Let 𝑀 × (R) denote the collection of all 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrices with entries from R. Let us consider the
usual operations of matrix addition and scalar multiplication: For 𝐴 = (𝑎 ) × ∈ R and 𝐵 = (𝑏 ) × ∈
R and 𝛼 ∈ R
𝐴 + 𝐵 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 ) × and 𝛼𝐴 = (𝛼𝑎 ) ×

Prove that 𝑀 × (R) is a vector space over R under these operations of addition and scalar multiplication.

12. Let 𝑉 = {(𝑎 , 𝑎 ): 𝑎 , 𝑎 ∈ R}. For (𝑎 , 𝑎 ), (𝑏 , 𝑏 ) ∈ 𝑉 and 𝛼 ∈ R we define


(𝑎 , 𝑎 ) + (𝑏 , 𝑏 ) = (𝑎 + 2𝑏 , 𝑎 + 3𝑏 ) and 𝛼(𝑎 , 𝑎 ) = (𝛼𝑎 , 𝛼𝑎 ).
Check whether 𝑉 is a vector space or not over R under these operations of addition and scalar
multiplication.

13. . Let 𝑉 = {(𝑎 , 𝑎 ): 𝑎 , 𝑎 ∈ R}. For (𝑎 , 𝑎 ), (𝑏 , 𝑏 ) ∈ 𝑉 and 𝛼 ∈ R we define


(𝑎 , 𝑎 ) + (𝑏 , 𝑏 ) = (𝑎 + 𝑏 , 𝑎 + 𝑏 ) and 𝛼(𝑎 , 𝑎 ) = (𝛼𝑎 , 𝑎 ).
Check whether 𝑉 is a vector space or not over R under these operations of addition and scalar
multiplication.

14. Let 𝑉 = C be the set consisting of all the 𝑛-tuples with entries from 𝐂. For elements 𝑎 =
(𝑎 , 𝑎 , … , 𝑎 ) ∈ 𝑉 and 𝑏 = (𝑏, 𝑏 , … , 𝑏 ) ∈ 𝑉 and 𝛼 ∈ 𝐂 we define
𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 , 𝑎 + 𝑏 , … , 𝑎 + 𝑏 ) and 𝛼𝑎 == (𝛼𝑎 , 𝛼𝑎 , … , 𝛼𝑎 ).
Prove that 𝑉 is a vector space over 𝐂 under these operations of addition and scalar multiplication.

15. Let 𝑉 and 𝑊 be two vector spaces over the same field 𝐹. Let
𝑍 = {(𝑣, 𝑤): 𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 and 𝑤 ∈ 𝑊}.
Prove that 𝑍 is a vector space over 𝐹 with the operations
(𝑣 , 𝑤 ) + (𝑣 , 𝑤 ) = (𝑣 + 𝑣 , 𝑤 + 𝑤 ) and 𝛼(𝑣 , 𝑤 ) = (𝛼𝑣 , 𝛼𝑤 ).

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