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Android Note

The document explains the core application components in Android, including Activities, Intents, Content Providers, Broadcast Receivers, and Services, detailing their roles and how they are defined in the AndroidManifest.xml file. It also covers additional components like Fragments and Views, and describes the lifecycle of Services, including Started and Bound Services. Additionally, it discusses Implicit Intents and Intent Filters, illustrating how they facilitate communication between different components and applications.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

15 views61 pages

Android Note

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arunkundan112

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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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1

Explain APPLICATION COMPONENTS?(15 MARKS)

In android, application components are the basic building blocks of an application and these
components will act as an entry point to allow system or user to access our app.

The following are the basic core application components that can be used in Android
application.

• Activities
• Intents
• Content Providers
• Broadcast Receivers
• Services

All these application components are defined in the android app description file
(AndroidMainfest.xml) like as shown below.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

</application>
</manifest>

This is how we can define an android application components in AndroidManiFest.xml file.

Android Activities

In android, Activity represents a single screen with a user interface (UI) and it will acts an entry
point for the user’s to interact with app.

For example, a contacts app that is having multiple activities like showing a list of contacts, add
a new contact, and another activity to search for the contacts. All these activities in the contact
app are independent of each other but will work together to provide a better user experience.

Android Intents

In android, Intent is a messaging object which is used to request an action from another
component.
2

In android, intents are mainly used to perform the following things.

• Starting an Activity
• Starting a Service
• Delivering a Broadcast

There are two types of intents available in android, those are

1. Implicit Intents 2.
Explicit Intents.

Android Services

In android, Service is a component that keeps an app running in the background to perform
long-running operations based on our requirements. For Service, we don’t have any user
interface and it will run the apps in background like play music in background when the user in
different app.

We have two types of services available in android, those are

• Local Services
• Remote Services

Android Broadcast Receivers

In android, Broadcast Receiver is a component that will allow a system to deliver events to the
app like sending a low battery message to the app. The apps can also initiate broadcasts to let
other apps know that required data available in a device to use it.

Generally, we use Intents to deliver broadcast events to other apps and Broadcast Receivers use
status bar notifications to let the user know that broadcast event occurs.

Android Content Providers

In android, Content Providers are useful to exchange the data between the apps based on the
requests. The Content Providers can share the app data that stores in the file system, SQLite
database, on the web or any other storage location that our app can access.

By using Content Providers, other apps can query or modify the data of our app based on the
permissions provided by content provider. For example, android provides a Content Provider
(ContactsContract.Data) to manage contacts information, by using proper permissions any
app can query the content provider to perform read and write operations on contacts
information.
3

Additional Components
In android, we have additional components which are used to build the relationship between the
above components (Activities, Intents, Content Providers, Services and Broadcast Receivers) to
implement our application logic, those are

Component Description
Fragments These are used to represent the portion of user interface in an activity
Layouts These are used to define the user interface (UI) for an activity or app
These are used to build a user interface for an app using UI elements like buttons,
Views
lists, etc.
To build an android app we required external elements like images, audio files,
Resources
etc. other than coding
It’s a configuration file (AndroidManifest.xml) for the application and it will
Manifest
contain the information about Activities, Intents, Content Providers, Services,
File
Broadcast Receivers, permissions, etc.
These are the main application components which are required to build an android application
based on our requirements.

EXPLAIN HOW IMPLICIT INTENT WORKS (5 MARKS)

OR
WHAT IS IMPLICIT INTENT?(15 MARKS)

In android, Implicit Intents won’t specify any name of the component to start instead, it declare
an action to perform and it allows a component from other apps to handle it. For example, by
using implicit intents we can request another app to show the location details of the user or etc.

Following is the pictorial representation of how Implicit intents send a request to the android
system to start another activity.
4

Activity A creates an intent with the required action and sends it to an android system using the
startActivity() method. The android system will search for an intent filter that matches the
intent in all apps. Whenever the match found the system starts matching activity (Activity B)
by invoking the onCreate() method.

In android when we create implicit intents, the android system will search for matching
components by comparing the contents of intent with intent filters which defined in the
manifest file of other apps on the device. If the matching component found, the system
starts that component and sends it to the Intent object. In case, if multiple intent filters are
matched then the system displays a dialOg so that the user can pick which app to use.

In android, an Intent Filter is an expression in the app’s manifest file and it is used to specify
the type of intents that the component would like to receive. In case if we create an Intent
Filter for activity, there is a possibility for other apps to start our activity by sending a certain
type of intent otherwise the activity can be started only by an explicit intent.

Following is the simple code snippet of implicit intent in the android application.

Intent intent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);

intent.setData(Uri.parse("http://www.google.com"));
startActivity(intent);

When we observe above implicit intent we didn’t defined any specific name of component to
start, instead we defined an action (ACTION_VIEW) to open the defined URL
(http://www.google.com) in browser within the device.

Explain INTENT-FILTER?(2 MARKS)

Intent Filter is an expression in the app’s manifest file (ActivityMainfest.xml) and it is used
to specify the type of intents that the component would like to receive. In case if we create
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Intent Filter for an activity, there is a possibility for other apps to start our activity by sending
a certain type of intent otherwise the activity can be started only by an explicit intent. we can
specify the type of intents to accept using these three elements.

It defines the name of an intended action to be accepted and it must be a literal string value of
an action, not the class constant.

It defines the name of an intent category to be accepted and it must be the literal string value of
an action, not the class constant.

<data>

It defines the type of data to be accepted and by using one or more attributes we can specify
various aspects of the data URI (scheme, host, port, path) and MIME type.

MAIN - It indicates the app’s main entry point that means it starts the activity which defines
with the MAIN action when the user initially launches the app with a launcher icon.

LAUNCHER - It indicates that this activity icon should be placed on the home screen list of
apps. In case if the <activity> element doesn’t specify an icon with icon, then the system uses
the icon from the <application> element.

These two (MAIN, LAUNCHER) elements must be paired together in order for the activity to
appear in the app launcher.

WHAT IS VIEW?(15 MARKS/5 MARKS)

Layout is used to define the user interface for an app or activity and it will hold the UI
elements that will appear to the user.

The user interface in an android app is made with a collection of View and ViewGroup objects.
Generally, the android apps will contain one or more activities and each activity is a one screen
of app. The activities will contain a multiple UI components and those UI components are the
instances of View and ViewGroup subclasses.

The user interface in an android app is made with a collection of View and ViewGroup objects.
Generally, the android apps will contain one or more activities and each activity is a one screen
of the app. The activities will contain multiple UI components and those UI components are the
instances of View and ViewGroup subclasses.
6

Android View
The View is a base class for all UI components in android. For example, the EditText class is
used to accept the input from users in android apps, which is a subclass of View.

The ViewGroup is a subclass of View and it will act as a base class for layouts and layouts
parameters. The ViewGroup will provide an invisible containers to hold other Views or
ViewGroups and to define the layout properties.

For example, Linear Layout is the ViewGroup that contains a UI controls like button, textview,
etc. and other layouts also.

Following are the commonly used ViewGroup subclasses in android applications.

• Linear Layout
• Relative Layout
• Table Layout
• Frame Layout
• Web View
• List View
• Grid View

WHAT IS FRAGMENT?(MARKS:15)

In android, Fragments are the modular section of activity design and these are used to
represent the behavior of user interface (UI) in an activity. By using fragments we can create
flexible UI designs that can be adjusted based on the device screen size such as tablets,
smartphones.

We can build multi-pane UI by combining multiple fragments in a single activity and we can
reuse the same fragment in multiple activities. The fragment has its own lifecycle call-backs
and accepts its own input events.

We can add or remove fragments in an activity while the activity is running. In android, the
fragment will act as a sub-activity and we can reuse it in multiple activities.

Generally in android, the fragment must be included in an activity due to that the fragment
lifecycle will always be affected by the host activity life cycle. In case if we pause an activity,
all the fragments related to an activity will also be stopped.
7

In android, we can insert the fragment into activity layout by using <fragment> element and by
dividing the layout of activity into fragments, we can modify the appearance of an app design at
runtime. We can also implement a fragment without having any user interface (UI).
It’s an optional to use fragments into activity but by doing this it will improve the flexibility of
our app UI and make it easier to adjust our app design based on the device size.

Following is the example of defining a multiple fragments in single activity for the tablet design
to display the details of an item which we selected in the app, but separated for mobile design.

If you observe above example for Tablet we defined an Activity A with two fragments such as
one is to show the list of items and second one is to show the details of item which we selected
in first fragment.

Following is a pictorial representation of the android fragment life cycle while its activity is
running.
8

Following are the list of methods which will perform during the lifecycle of fragment in
android applications.
9

Method Description
It is called when the fragment has been associated with an
onAttach()
activity.

onCreate() It is used to initialize the fragment.

It is used to create a view hierarchy associated with the
onCreteView() fragment.
It is called when the fragment activity has been created
onActivityCreated() and the fragment view hierarchy
instantiated.
onStart() It is used to make the fragment visible.
onResume() It is used to make the fragment visible in an activity.

It is called when fragment is no longer visible and it

onPause()
indicates that the user is leaving the fragment.

It is called to stop the fragment using the onStop()

onStop()
method.

The view hierarchy associated with the fragment is being

onDestoryView()
removed after executing this method.

It is called to perform a final clean up of the fragments

onDestroy()
state.
It is called immediately after the fragment disassociated
onDetach() from the activity.
WHAT IS SERVICE?Explain its life cycle?(15 marks)

In android, Service is a component which keep an app running in the background to perform
long-running operations based on our requirements. For Service, we don’t have any user
interface and it will run the apps in the background like playing the music in the background or
handle network operations when the user in a different app.

Android Service Life Cycle

In android, the life cycle of service will follow two different paths Started or Bound.
Started Service

A service is Started when an application component, such as an activity calls startService()

method. Once it started, it will run indefinitely in background even if the component that
started is destroyed.
10

We can stop the Started service by using stopService() method or the service can stop itself by
calling stopSelf() method. In android, the Started service component will perform a single
operation and it won’t return any result to the caller.

Bound Service

A service is Bound when another application component calls bindService() method. The
bound service runs as long as another application component is bound to it.

We can unbind the service by calling unbindService() method based on our requirements. In
android, we can bind multiple components to a single service at once, but the service will be
destroyed in case all the components unbind.

Android Services Lifecycle Diagram

Following diagram shows the lifecycle of Started service, when the service created with
startService() and the lifecycle of Bound service, when the service created with bindService().

To create a service, we need to create a class that extends a Service base class or one of its
existing subclasses. During our service implementation, we must need to override some of the
11

callback methods that handle the key aspects of the service lifecycle and provide the
functionality that allows our components to bind to the service.

The life cycle for a service is similar to that for an activity, but there are some important
differences 1. Client calls the Context.startService Intent() method. This creates the service if it
is not already running.

2. If the service is not already running- Android calls onCreate() and then on Start(). Example,
if we need to play some music, but only while our activity is running, we might create a thread
in onCreate(). If service is already running, then only on Start() is called with the new intent,

3. Client calls the Context bind Service Intent) method. This creates the service if it is not
running
4. If the service is not already running- Android calls onCreate() and then on Window. If
services already running, then only onBind() is called with the client's intent.

5. Service generally has no user interface. So there is no need for the onPause, onResume(), or
on Stop() methods.

6. The activity calls the onDestroy method when the service is to be terminated. Android
terminates a service when there are no more clients starting or bound to it. Android also
terminates a service when memory is getting low. 7. If due to memory low, it terminates then
android will attempt to restart the service when memory pressure passes. So if the service
requires to store persistent information for that restart, it uses the onStart() method.

Create a Service

Generally, in android to create a service we must create a subclass of Service or use one of
existing subclass. In android the application component such as an activity can start the service
by calling startService() which results in calling the service’s onStartCommand() ethod.

Following is the simple example of creating a service in android application.

public class SampleService extends Service {

@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
//TODO write your own code
12

return Service.START_NOT_STICKY;
}

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
//TODO for communication return IBinder implementation
return null;
}
}

Explain the manifest file of service?(5 marks)

Once we create a service, we need to register that in android manifest file using <service>
element like as shown below
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

package="com.example.services2">

<application android:allowBackup="true"

android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"

android:label="@string/app_name"

android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"

android:supportsRtl="true"

android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

<intent-filter>

<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

</intent-filter>

</activity>

</application>
13

</manifest>

Start a Service

In android, the component such as an activity, service or receiver can start the service using
startService() method. Following is the sample code snippet of starting a service using the
startService method.

Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);

startService(intent);

Write a short note on SERVICE?

A service is an application component which runs without direct interaction with the user in
the background. The Android platform provides and runs predefined system services such as
updating

Content Providers, firing Intents, and triggering Notifications etc to which all Android
application can use them permissions. Each service should have a matching <service>
declaration in its package AndroidManifest.xml.

Services are started with two methods:a. Context.startService()

b. Context.bind Service()

Services are the faceless components of Android as they do not have their individual
interfaces. They typically run in the background to perform long-running operations or work
for remote processes

Services can communicate with other Android components and use the Android's notification
framework to notify the users.

Services are job-specific and they are unaffected by the switching activity. They will continue
to run in the background even if you switch to the interface of a different application.

In the life cycle of an Android service,

• A feature for the application where the user is not directly interacting with the application
corresponds to calls to Context.startService() method, which ask the system to agenda work
for the service, to be run until the service or someone stops it forcefully.
14

• A feature for an application to expose some of its functionality to other applications. This
corresponds to calls to Context.bindService(), which allows a established connection to be
made to the service in order to interact with it.

• Services perform long running operations in the background.

• It does not contain a user interface.

• It is useful for things like playing music network operations, etc.

• Services are run independently of the component that created it.

• It can be bound to by other application components if allowed.

• What is Toast?(3 marks)

• In android, Toast is a small popup notification that is used to display information about the
operation which we performed in our app. The Toast will show the message for a small period
of time and it will disappear automatically after a timeout. Generally, the size of Toast will be
adjusted based on the space required for the message and it will be displayed on the top of the
main content of activity for a short period of time.
• What is custom toast?Explain the importance of layout inflator?(8 marks)
• In android, we can customize the layout of our toast notification to change the appearance of
based on requirements like include images in toast notification or change the background color
of toast notification, etc.To customize the appearance of Toast notification, we need to create a
custom layout in our XML or application code and pass the root View object to the
setView(View) method.

To use this custom layout as Toast notification in our android application, we need to inflate the
layout using following code.

LayoutInflater inflater = getLayoutInflater(); View layout =

inflater.inflate(R.layout.custom_toast, (ViewGroup)
findViewById(R.id.custom_toast_layout)); TextView tv = (TextView)
layout.findViewById(R.id.txtvw); tv.setText("Custom Toast Notification"); Toast toast =
new Toast(getApplicationContext()); toast.setDuration(Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
toast.setView(layout); toast.show();

If you observe above code, we created an instance of LayoutInflater with

getLayoutInflater(), and then inflate our XML layout using inflate(int, ViewGroup). Here the
first parameter is the layout resource ID and the second is the root View and this inflated
layout will help us to find the View objects in the layout. After that we created a new Toast with
Toast(Context) and set required properties of the toast, then we call setView(View) and pass it
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to the inflated layout.Once we are done with required configurations, then we can show the
custom toast notification by calling show() method
The layout inflater in Android Toasts is used to create custom toast layouts1. It inflates a custom layout
XML file, allowing you to design Toasts with ImageView and TextView elements12. You retrieve the layout
inflater, inflate the layout from XML, and then pass the inflated layout to the setView() method of the
Toast1. This allows you to display custom messages and images in your Toasts1. The inflate() method's
second parameter helps to ensure that LayoutParams are handled correctly, which is important for
features like margins2.

WHAT IS SPINNER?Explain the importance of Array adapter(8 MARKS)

Spinner is a view that allows a user to select one value from the list of values. The spinner in
android will behave same as a dropdown list in other programming languages.
Generally, the android spinners will provide a quick way to select one item from the list of
values and it will show a dropdown menu with a list of all values when we click or tap on it.
By default, the android spinner will show its currently selected value and by using Adapter
we can bind the items to spinner objects.
ArrayAdapter: It will expect an Array or List as input.

String[] users = { "Suresh", " Dasari", "Rohini ", "Praveen", "Madhav" };

Spinner spin = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner1);
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, users);
adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinne
r_dropdown_item); spin.setAdapter(adapter);

This is how we can define and bind data to Spinner control in android applications.

Explain the importance of OnCreate() inAndroid?(8MARKS)

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
TextView tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView2);
tv.setText("Welcome to 3RD BCA");
}
}
16

If we observe above code we are calling our layout using setContentView method in the
form of R.layout.layout_file_name. Here our xml file name is activity_main.xml so
we used file name activity_main and we are setting text to one of our TextView control
(textView2) in our activity file
EXPLAIN GRID VIEW AND LIST view(15 MARKS)
n android, ListView is a ViewGroup that is used to display the list of scrollable of items
in multiple rows and the list items are automatically inserted to the list using an
adapter.

Generally, the adapter pulls data from sources such as an array or database and converts
each item into a result view and that’s placed into the list.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

Once we are done with creation of layout, now we will bind data to our ListView using
ArrayAdapter, for that open main activity file MainActivity.java from
\java\com.tt.listview path and write the code like as shown below.

MainActivity.java
package com.tt.listview; import
android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle; import
android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import
android.widget.ListView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private ListView

mListView; private ArrayAdapter aAdapter; private String[] users = {
"Suresh ", "Rohini", "Trisha", "Praveen", "Madav"};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.userlist); aAdapter = new
ArrayAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, users);
mListView.setAdapter(aAdapter);
}
}

GRID VIEW
17

In android, Grid View is a ViewGroup that is used to display items in a two dimensional, scrollable grid
and grid items are automatically inserted to the gridview layout using a list adapter.Generally, the adapter
pulls data from sources such as an array or database and converts each item into a result view and that’s
placed into the list.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<GridView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/gridview" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:columnWidth="110dp" android:numColumns="auto_fit"
android:verticalSpacing="10dp" android:horizontalSpacing="10dp"
android:stretchMode="columnWidth" android:gravity="center" />
Grid view.java

package com.tt.gridview; import

android.content.Context; import
android.view.View; import
android.view.ViewGroup; import
android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.GridView;
import android.widget.ImageView;
/**
*
*/
public class ImageAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private Context mContext;
public ImageAdapter(Context c) {
mContext = c;
}
public int getCount() {
return thumbImages.length;
}
public Object getItem(int position) {
return null;
}
public long getItemId(int position) {
return 0;
}
// create a new ImageView for each item referenced by the Adapter public
View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ImageView imageView = new ImageView(mContext);
imageView.setLayoutParams(new GridView.LayoutParams(200, 200));
imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_CROP);
imageView.setPadding(8, 8, 8, 8);
imageView.setImageResource(thumbImages[position]); return
imageView;
}
// Add all our images to arraylist
public Integer[] thumbImages = {
R.drawable.img1, R.drawable.img2,
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R.drawable.img3, R.drawable.img4,
R.drawable.img5, R.drawable.img6,
R.drawable.img7, R.drawable.img8,
R.drawable.img1, R.drawable.img2,
R.drawable.img3, R.drawable.img4,
R.drawable.img5, R.drawable.img6,
R.drawable.img7, R.drawable.img8,
R.drawable.img1, R.drawable.img2,
R.drawable.img3, R.drawable.img4,
R.drawable.img5
};
}

Explain the attribute numColumns in Grid view?(3 marks)

numColumns property has to be specified otherwise GridView behaves like a ListView with just singleChoice. We can
specify numColumns property specified that there is 3 columns to show,or 4 columns to show.

If we set it to auto_fit then it automatically display as many column as possible to fill the available space of the
screen. Even if the phone is in portrait mode or landscape mode it automatically fill the whole space.

Scroll view?8 marks

In android, ScrollView is a kind of layout that is useful to add vertical or horizontal scroll bars to the content
which is larger than the actual size of layouts such as linearlayout, relativelayout, framelayout, etc.

Generally, the android ScrollView is useful when we have content that doesn’t fit our android app layout
screen. The ScrollView will enable a scroll to the content which is exceeding the screen layout and allow users
to see the complete content by scrolling.

The android ScrollView can hold only one direct child. In case, if we want to add multiple views within the
scroll view, then we need to include them in another standard layout like linearlayout, relativelayout,
framelayout, etc.

To enable scrolling for our android applications, ScrollView is the best option but we should not use
ScrollView along with ListView or Gridview because they both will take care of their own vertical scrolling.

In android, ScrollView supports only vertical scrolling. In case, if we want to implement horizontal scrolling,
then we need to use a HorizontalScrollView component.

The android ScrollView is having a property called android:fillViewport, which is used to define whether the
ScrollView should stretch it’s content to fill the viewport or not.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

</ScrollView>

EXPLAIN ACTIVITY LIFE CYCLE?

It has four states:

If the activity in the center of the screen, it is active or running when it is in the
foreground of the screen. This is the activity that is the focus for the user's actions.

If an activity is completely hidden by a different activity, it is stopped. It still retains all

state and member information, however, it is no longer able to be seen by the user, so its
window is hidden and it will often be killed by the system when memory is needed
elsewhere.
If an activity has lost focus but is still able to be seen, it is paused. A paused activity is
completely active, but can be killed by the system in extreme low memory situations. If
an activity is paused or stopped, the system can crash the activity from memory by either
asking it to finish, or just killing its process. When it is displayed once more to the user,
it must be entirely restarted and restored to its previous state. Then another activity lies
on top of it and that activity either is transparent or doesn't cover the full screen, as a
result some of the paused activity can show through. A paused activity is completely
active, but can be killed by the system in extreme low memory situations. If an activity
20

stopped if it completely obscured by one more activity. It still retains all state and
member information. However, it is no longer able to be seen to the user so its window
is hidden and it will often be killed by the system when memory is needed another place.

There are three key loops that we may be interested in monitoring within our activity:

➢ An activity happens between the first call to onCreate(Bundle) through to a single final
call to onDestroy(). An activity will do all setup of global state in onCreate(), and release
all remain resources in onDestroy.

➢ The lifetime of an activity happens between a call to onStart () until a corresponding call
to onStop (). During this time the user can see the activity on-screen, though it might not
be in the foreground and interacting with the user. Between these two methods we can
maintain resources that are needed to show the activity to the user. For example, we can
register a broadcast Receiver in onStart() to monitor for changes that impact our UI, and
unregister it in onStop(). when the user no longer sees what you are displaying. The
onStart () and onStop methods can be called numerous times, as the activity becomes
visible and hidden to the user.
The foreground lifetime of an activity happens between a call to onResume until a
corresponding call to onPause(). Throughout this time the activity is in front of all
other activities and interacting with the user. An activity can habitually go between the
resumed and paused state for example when the device go to sleep mode, when an
activity result delivered, when a new intent is delivered then the code in these methods
should be fairly lightweight.

Broadcast Receiver

▪ A broadcast receiver is a component that do nothing but receive and react to broadcast
announcements,
▪ Many broadcasts originate in system code (e.g. "I got mail“) but any other application also
initiate broadcasts.
21

Broadcast receivers do not display a user interface. However, they may perhaps start
activity in response to the information they receive, or - as services do - they may
possibly use the notification manager to alert the user.
SQLite is an open source database engine which implements a self-contained, Serverless, zero-

configuration, transactions. SQLite is an open-source relational database i.e. used to perform database

operations on android devices such as storing, manipulating or retrieving persistent data from the

database.

It is embedded in android by default. So, there is no need to perform any database setup or

administration task.

The code of SQLite is open to use for any purpose, i.e., commercial or private, because of it is in

the public domain.

Why SQLite?

Serverless: SQLite is Serverless which does not need a server or system to operate

Zero Configurations: SQLite does not require any setup or administration

Cross-platform: A complete SQLite database is stored in a single cross-platform disk file

Less memory: SQLite is very small and light-weight, less than 400KB needed

Self-Contained: SQLite has no external dependencies

Transaction: SQLite transactions are supported ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation,

and Durability − commonly known as ACID properties) to allow safe access from multiple processes

or threads.

Languages and Operating System: SQLite supports most of the query language features found in SQL
standard. SQLite is accessible on UNIX, Linux, Mac, Android and windows.

➢ Creation and Connection of the database

1.The package imported into the application is android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.
22

2. Here the class used is SQLiteDatabase

3. . The method used to create the database or connect to the database is openorCreateDatabase ( )
method Example:
import android.databse.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
public class Database extends Activity
{ sdb=openorCreateDatabase(“Database.sdb”,SQLite Database.CREATE);
}

➢ Properties of setting the database

There are some database properties that must be set after connecting to the database.
They are:
1. setVersion(): it sets the database version

2. 2.setLocale(): it sets the default locale

3. 3. selLockingEnabled ( ):it enables locking on the database

➢ How we can create Tables in SQLite?

After executing the statements the table is created on the database. The queries are executed by
the execSQL ( ) statement.

➢ Transactions
When we want to execute a series of queries that either all complete or all fail, at that

situation we use transactions which is supported by SQLite. When a SQLite transaction fails, an

exception will be thrown.

A transaction is the propagation of one or more changes to the database. For example, if you

are creating, updating, or deleting a record from the table, then you are performing transaction on

the table.

Properties of Transactions

Transactions have the following four standard properties, usually referred to by the acronym ACID.

Atomicity
Ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed successfully; otherwise, the

transaction is aborted at the point of failure and previous operations are rolled back to their former

state.

• Consistency
Ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully committed transaction.

• Isolation
Enables transactions to operate independently of and transparent to each other.

Durability
Ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in case of a system failure.

There are 3 methods available in transaction:

1. BEGIN TRANSACTION Command
24

beginTransaction ( ):Start a transaction

Transactions can be started using BEGIN TRANSACTION or simply BEGIN command.
Such transactions usually persist until the next COMMIT or ROLLBACK command is encountered.
However, transactions will also ROLLBACK if the database is closed or if an error occurs.

Following is the simple syntax to start a transaction.

beginTransaction ( );

2. COMMIT Command

setTransactionSuccessful ( ): Execute the queries and commit the

transaction

COMMIT command is the transactional command used to save changes invoked by a

transaction to the database. COMMIT command saves all transactions to the database since the last
COMMIT or ROLLBACK command.

Following is the syntax for COMMIT command.

COMMIT;
or
END TRANSACTION;

ROLLBACK Command
ROLLBACK command is the transactional command used to undo transactions that have not
already been saved to the database. ROLLBACK command can only be used to undo transactions
since the last COMMIT or ROLLBACK command was issued.

Following is the syntax for ROLLBACK command.

ROLLBACK;

Example
Consider COMPANY table with the following records.
25

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS

SALARY
-
1 Paul 32 California
20000.0
2 Allen 25 Texas
23 Norway 15000.0
3 Teddy
25 Rich-Mond 20000.0
4 Mark
65000.0
5 27

Now, let's start a transaction and delete records from the table having age = 25. Then, use
ROLLBACK command to undo all the changes.

sqlite> BEGIN;
sqlite> DELETE FROM COMPANY WHERE AGE = 25;
sqlite> ROLLBACK;

Now, if you check COMPANY table, it still has the following records −
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY

1 Paul 32 California 20000.0

2 Allen 25 Texas 15000.0
3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.0
4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000.0
5 David 27 Texas 85000.0
Let's start another transaction and delete records from the table having age = 25 and finally we
use COMMIT command to commit all the changes.

sqlite> BEGIN;
sqlite> DELETE FROM COMPANY WHERE AGE = 25; sqlite>
COMMIT;

If you now check COMPANY table is still has the following records –
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
26

1 Paul 32 California 20000.0

3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.0

5 David 27 Texas 85000.0

Example

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; public

class Database extends Activity
{
SQLiteDatabase sdb;
sdb.beginTransaction ( ); try
{
cur = sdb.query (“tbl_countries”); cur.moveToPosition
(0);
ContentValues values=new ContentValues ( ); values.put(“state_name”,”Georgia”);
sdb.setTransactionSuccessful ( );
}
catch (Exception e)
{}
finally
{
sdb.endTransaction ( ); cur.close
( );}
Explanation of the example

1. Start with a call to beginTransaction ( ) to inform SQLite to execute the queries in transaction

mode.

2. Begin a try/catch block to handle exceptions thrown by a transaction failure

3. Perform the queries and the call setTransactionSuccessful ( ) to inform SQLite that our transaction

is complete
27

4. It an error is not thrown, then endTransaction ( ) can be called to perform the transaction.

Finally close the cursor, cur.close ( ) when we are finished.

WI-FI

android, Wi-Fi is a wireless network protocol that allows devices to connect to the internet or connect
wirelessly with other devices to exchange the data.

Generally, in android applications by using Wi-Fi API’s we can manage all aspects of WI-FI connectivity,
such as a scan or search for available networks, add/save/delete Wi-Fi connections and managing the data
transfer between devices within the range.

By using android Wi-Fi API’s in android applications, we can perform following functionalities.

• Scan for the available Wi-Fi networks within the range

• Allow devices to connect to the internet
• Connect to other devices through service discovery Manage list of configured networks.
• Manage multiple connections

Android Set Wi-Fi Permissions

To use Wi-Fi features in our android applications, we must need to add multiple permissions, such as
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE, ACCESS_WIFI_STATE and INTERNET in our manifest file.

Following is the example of defining the Bluetooth permissions in android manifest file.

<manifest ... >

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/>

</manifest>

Android WifiManager Class

In android, we can perform Wi-Fi related activities by using WifiManager class in our applications. This
class will provide required API’s to manage all aspects of Wi-Fi connectivity.

By using WifiManager class, we can perform the operations that are related to network connectivity. We
can instantiate this class by using Context.getSystemService(Class) with the argument
WifiManager.class or Context.getSystemService(String) with the argument Context.WIFI_SERVICE.
Following is the code snippet to initialize WifiManager class using Context.getSystemService(String)
with the argument Context.WIFI_SERVICE.
28

WifiManager wmgr = (WifiManager)Context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);

If you observe above code snippet, we used getSystemService() method to instantiate a WifiManager
class.

In case if getSystemService() method returns NULL, then the device does not support Wi-Fi and we can
disable all Wi-Fi features.

Android Enable or Disable Wi-Fi

If Wi-Fi is supported but disabled, then isWifiEnabled() method will return false and we can request user
to enable wifi without leaving our application by using setWifiEnabled method.

Following is the code snippet to enable a Wi-Fi in android application by using setWifiEnabled() method.

WifiManager wmgr = (WifiManager)Context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);

wmgr.setWifiEnabled(true);

If you observe above code snippet, we used setWifiEnabled(true) method to turn ON or Enable a Wi-Fi
in our android application.

By using setWifiEnabled(false) method we can Disable or turn OFF a Wi-Fi in android applications.

WRITE THE XML AND JAVA CODE FOR RELATIVE LAYOUT?

Nb: Refer Note

DATE PICKER.JAVA
package com.example.datepicker; import

androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle; import

java.util.Calendar; import
android.app.Activity; import
android.app.DatePickerDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View; import
android.widget.DatePicker; import
android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private DatePicker datePicker; private Calendar calendar; private TextView

dateView; private int year, month, day;

@Override
29

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
dateView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView3);
calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);

month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);
day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
showDate(year, month + 1, day);

public void setDate(View view)

{
showDialog(999);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "ca",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
.show();
}

@Override protected Dialog

onCreateDialog(int id) { // TODO
Auto-generated method stub
if (id == 999) { return new DatePickerDialog(this,
myDateListener, year, month, day);
}
return null;
}

private DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener myDateListener = new

DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener() {
@Override
public void onDateSet(DatePicker arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// arg1 = year
// arg2 = month
// arg3 = day
showDate(arg1, arg2 + 1, arg3);
} };

private void showDate(int year, int month, int day) {

dateView.setText(new StringBuilder().append(day).append("/")
.append(month).append("/").append(year)); }

}
30

WRITE THE JAVA CODE AND XML CODE FOR IMPLICIT INTENT
IMPLICIT INTENT.XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-
auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">

</RelativeLayout>

IMPLICIT INTENT.JAVA
package com.example.implicitintentdemo; import
androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri; import
android.os.Bundle; import
android.view.View; import
android.widget.Button; import
android.widget.EditText;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// Bind the components to their respective objects
// by assigning their IDs
// with the help of findViewById() method
final EditText editText1 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
31

// implementation of onClick event for Implicit Intent

button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{

// performing webpage open action

String url = editText1.getText().toString();
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse(url));
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
}
IMPLICIT INTENT MANIFEST.XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.implicitintentdemo">
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>

</manifest>

EXPLICIT INTENT.XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
32

</RelativeLayout>
EXPLICIT INTENT.JAVA-service package

com.example.intentdemo; import

androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View; import
android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}

public void callSecondActivity(View view) {

Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), SecondActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
}
}

EXPLICIT.XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
33

android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Second Activity” /> <Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="callFirstActivity" android:text="Call
first activity”/>

</RelativeLayout >

SECOND ACTIVITY.JAVA

package com.example.intentdemo; import

androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View; import android.widget.Toast;
public class SecondActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);

public void callFirstActivity(View view){

Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
}
}

TEXTTOSPEECH.XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
34

TEXTTOSPEECH.JAVA

package com.example.texttospeech; import

androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent; import
android.os.Bundle;
import android.speech.tts.TextToSpeech; import
android.speech.tts.TextToSpeech.OnInitListener; import
android.view.View; import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText; import
android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnInitListener {

private int MY_DATA_CHECK_CODE = 0;//initial declaration for final result
private TextToSpeech tts; private EditText inputText; private Button
speakButton;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
inputText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.input);//xml code to javacode linking
speakButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button);

speakButton.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String text = inputText.getText().toString();
if (text != null && text.length() > 0) {
tts.speak(text, TextToSpeech.QUEUE_ADD, null);

}
}
});

Intent checkIntent = new Intent();//explicit intent to speak whatever we give

checkIntent.setAction(TextToSpeech.Engine.ACTION_CHECK_TTS_DATA);//check
tts data action using intent startActivityForResult(checkIntent,
MY_DATA_CHECK_CODE);//call on activty result
}

protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {

super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);//to show result
if (requestCode == MY_DATA_CHECK_CODE) { if (resultCode ==
TextToSpeech.Engine.CHECK_VOICE_DATA_PASS) { tts = new
TextToSpeech(this, this); } else {
// Missing data, install it
Intent installIntent = new Intent();
installIntent.setAction(TextToSpeech.Engine.ACTION_INSTALL_TTS_DATA);
startActivity(installIntent);
}
}
}

public void onInit(int status) {

if (status == TextToSpeech.SUCCESS){
Toast.makeText(this, "Text-To=Speech engine is initialized",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
else if (status == TextToSpeech.ERROR) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Error occur while initialize Text-To=Speech engine",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}

}// ENd cLASS

WRITE AN XML AND JAVA CODE FOR SERVICE? SERVICE
ACTIVITY.XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
36

android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent” android:orientation="vertical"
>
<Button
android:id="@+id/startbutton"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start Service"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/stopbutton"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Stop Service”/>
</LinearLayout>

SERVICE ACTIVITY.JAVA

package com.example.servicesnew; import

androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import
android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; public class
MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements
View.OnClickListener {
Button Startbutton,Stopbutton;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Startbutton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.startbutton);
Stopbutton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.stopbutton);
Startbutton.setOnClickListener(this);
Stopbutton.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) { if(v==Startbutton){startService(new
Intent(this,MyService2.class));} else if(v==Stopbutton){stopService(new
Intent(this,MyService2.class));}
}
}
ANDROID MANIFEST.XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.servicesnew">
37

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>

</manifest>

SERVICE2.JAVA

package com.example.servicesnew;

import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent;

import android.media.MediaPlayer; import
android.os.IBinder;//basic interface for remotable object import
android.provider.Settings;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;//Java Annotation is a tag that represents the

metadata i.e. attached with class, interface, methods or fields to indicate some
additional information which can be used by java compiler and JVM.

public class MyService2 extends Service {

MediaPlayer player;
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {//call from start
button player=MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.song);//setting ring tone
player.setLooping(true);//continuously ringing player.start(); return
START_STICKY;//return 1 to make the player success
}
38

@Override public void

onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
player.stop();
}
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
}
CREATE A DATABASE OF USERDETAILS WITH FOLLOWING FIELDS
NAME ,CONTACT NO,DOB.SHOW INSERTION ,UPDATION AND DELETION
OPERATION DATABASE.XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent” tools:context=".MainActivity">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/title"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="PLEASE ENTER THE DETAILS HERE!"/>

<EditText android:id="@+id/name"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="NAME"
android:layout_below="@+id/title"
android:inputType="txtName"
/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/contact"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="CONTACT NO”
android:layout_below="@+id/name"
android:inputType="number"
/>
<EditText android:id="@+id/dob"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="date of birth”
39

android:layout_below="@+id/contact"
android:inputType="number” />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btninsert"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="INSERT"
android:layout_below="@+id/dob"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnupdate"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="UPDATE"
android:layout_below="@+id/btninsert” />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btndelete"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="DELETE"
android:layout_below="@+id/btnupdate"/>

</RelativeLayout>

DATABASE.JAVA

package com.example.mydatabase;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog; import

androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import
android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle; import
android.view.View; import
android.view.View.OnClickListener; import
android.widget.Button; import
android.widget.EditText; import
android.widget.Toast;
40

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

EditText name,contact,dob;
Button insert,update,delete,view;
DBHelper DB;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); name =
findViewById(R.id.name); contact =
findViewById(R.id.contact); dob =
findViewById(R.id.dob);

insert = findViewById(R.id.btninsert);
update=findViewById(R.id.btnupdate);
delete = findViewById(R.id.btndelete);
view = findViewById(R.id.btnview);
DB = new DBHelper(this);
insert.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
String nameTXT = name.getText().toString();
String contactTXT = contact.getText().toString();
String dobTXT = dob.getText().toString();
Boolean checkinsertdata =
DB.insertuserdata(nameTXT,contactTXT,dobTXT);
if (checkinsertdata==true)
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"NEW ENTRY
INSERTED",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"NEW ENTRY NOT
INSERTED",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
update.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
String nameTXT = name.getText().toString();
String contactTXT = contact.getText().toString();
String dobTXT = dob.getText().toString();
Boolean checkupdatedata =
DB.updateuserdata(nameTXT,contactTXT,dobTXT);
if (checkupdatedata==true) Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"
ENTRY
UPDATED",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this," ENTRY NOT
41

UPDATED",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
delete.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
String nameTXT = name.getText().toString();
Boolean checkdeletedata = DB.deletedata(nameTXT);
if (checkdeletedata==true)
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this," ENTRY
DELETED",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this," ENTRY NOT
DELETED",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
view.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override public void
onClick(View view) { Cursor
res = DB.getdata(); if
(res.getCount()==0){
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"NO
ENTRY",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
while(res.moveToNext()){ buffer.append("name"
+ res.getString(0) + "\n"); buffer.append("contact"
+ res.getString(1) + "\n"); buffer.append("dob" +
res.getString(2) + "\n\n");
}
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
builder.setCancelable(true); builder.setMessage(buffer.toString());
builder.setTitle("USER ENTRIES");
builder.show();
}
});
}
}

DBHELPER.JAVA
package com.example.mydatabase;

import android.content.ContentValues;
42

import android.content.Context;

import android.database.Cursor;

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
public class DBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

public DBHelper(Context context) {

super(context, "Userdata.db", null, 1);
}

@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase DB) {
DB.execSQL("create Table userdetails(name TEXT Primary key,contact
TEXT,dob TEXT)");
}

@Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase

DB, int i, int i1) {
DB.execSQL("drop Table if exists userDetails");
}

public Boolean insertuserdata(String name, String contact, String dob) {

SQLiteDatabase DB = this.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
contentValues.put("name", name);
contentValues.put("contact", contact);
contentValues.put("dob", dob); long result =
DB.insert("userdetails", null, contentValues); if (result ==
-1) { return false; } else { return true;
}
}

public Boolean updateuserdata(String name, String contact, String dob) {

SQLiteDatabase DB = this.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
contentValues.put("contact", contact);
contentValues.put("dob", dob);
Cursor cursor = DB.rawQuery("select * from userdetails where name=?", new
String[]{name});
if (cursor.getCount() > 0) { long result =
DB.update("userdetails", contentValues, "name=?", new String[]{name});
if (result == -1) {
return false;
} else {
43

return true;
}
} else {
return false; }

public Boolean deletedata(String name) {

SQLiteDatabase DB = this.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = DB.rawQuery("select * from userdetails where name=?", new
String[]{name});
if (cursor.getCount() > 0) { long result = DB.delete("userdetails",
"name=?", new String[]{name}); if (result == -1) { return
false;
} else {
return true;
}
} else {
return false;
}
}
public Cursor getdata() {
SQLiteDatabase DB = this.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = DB.rawQuery("select * from userdetails",null);
return cursor;
}
}

DATABASE TABLE
44

SMS TELEPHONY

SMS.XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<EditText
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/sms_editText1"
android:inputType="phone"/>
<EditText
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/sms_editText2" />
<Button android:id="@+id/btn1"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:text="Send SMS"/>
</LinearLayout>
SMS.JAVA
package com.example.sms; import
androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.app.Activity; import
android.os.Bundle; import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri; import
android.provider.Telephony; import
android.telephony.SmsManager; import
android.view.View; import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText; import
android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity

{
Button sendBtn;
EditText txtMobile;
EditText txtMessage;
45

String message;
SmsManager sm; @Override protected void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); sendBtn =
(Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1); txtMobile = (EditText)
findViewById(R.id.sms_editText1); txtMessage = (EditText)
findViewById(R.id.sms_editText2);
sendBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(View view)
{
try{
SmsManager smgr = SmsManager. getDefault();
smgr.sendTextMessage(txtMobile.getText().toString(),null,txtMessage.getText().toString(),nul
l,null);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "SMS Sent Successfully",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
catch (Exception e){
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "SMS Failed to Send, Please try again",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
}
}
MEDIA PLAYER .XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/txtVw1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Now Playing: "
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/txtSname"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="TextView" />
46

MEDIA PLAYER.JAVA
package com.example.medianew;

import android.media.MediaPlayer; import

android.os.Handler; import
androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle; import
android.view.View; import
android.widget.ImageButton; import
android.widget.SeekBar; import
android.widget.TextView; import
47

android.widget.Toast; import
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private

ImageButton forwardbtn, backwardbtn, pausebtn, playbtn; private
MediaPlayer mPlayer; private TextView songName, startTime, songTime;
private SeekBar songPrgs; private static int oTime =0, sTime =0, eTime =0,
fTime = 5000, bTime = 5000; private Handler hdlr = new Handler();
@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); backwardbtn =
(ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.btnBackward); forwardbtn =
(ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.btnForward); playbtn =
(ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.btnPlay); pausebtn =
(ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.btnPause); songName =
(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtSname); startTime =
(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtStartTime); songTime =
(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtSongTime);
songName.setText("pinnaeyum pinnaeyum"); mPlayer =
MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.songs); songPrgs =
(SeekBar)findViewById(R.id.sBar);
songPrgs.setClickable(false); pausebtn.setEnabled(false);

playbtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Playing Audio",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
mPlayer.start(); eTime =
mPlayer.getDuration(); sTime =
mPlayer.getCurrentPosition();
if(oTime == 0){
songPrgs.setMax(eTime); oTime =1;
}
songTime.setText(String.format("%d min, %d sec",
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(eTime),
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(eTime) -
TimeUnit.MINUTES.toSeconds(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS. toMinutes(eTime))) );
startTime.setText(String.format("%d min, %d sec",
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(sTime),
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(sTime) -
TimeUnit.MINUTES.toSeconds(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS. toMinutes(sTime))) );
songPrgs.setProgress(sTime); hdlr.postDelayed(UpdateSongTime, 100);
pausebtn.setEnabled(true); playbtn.setEnabled(false);
}
});
48

pausebtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override public void
onClick(View v) {
mPlayer.pause();
pausebtn.setEnabled(false);
playbtn.setEnabled(true);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Pausing Audio",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
forwardbtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override public void
onClick(View v) { if((sTime
+ fTime) <= eTime)
{
sTime = sTime + fTime;
mPlayer.seekTo(sTime);
}
else
{
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Cannot jump forward 5 seconds",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
if(!playbtn.isEnabled()){
playbtn.setEnabled(true);
}
}
});
backwardbtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override public void
onClick(View v) {
if((sTime - bTime) > 0)
{
sTime = sTime - bTime;
mPlayer.seekTo(sTime);
}
else
{
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Cannot jump backward 5 seconds",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
if(!playbtn.isEnabled()){
playbtn.setEnabled(true);
}
}
});
49

}
private Runnable UpdateSongTime = new Runnable() {
@Override public void run() {
sTime = mPlayer.getCurrentPosition();
startTime.setText(String.format("%d min, %d sec",
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(sTime),
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(sTime) -
TimeUnit.MINUTES.toSeconds(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(sTime))) );
songPrgs.setProgress(sTime); hdlr.postDelayed(this, 100);
}
};
}

WIFI.XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="10dp"
android:paddingRight="10dp">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnOn" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Wifi Turn On" android:layout_marginLeft="70dp"
android:layout_marginTop="200dp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnOFF"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/btnOn"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btnOn"
android:text="Wifi Turn OFF" /> </RelativeLayout>
50

MainActivity.java
package com.tf.wifiexample; import
android.content.Context; import
android.net.wifi.WifiManager; import
android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import
android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button btntOn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnOn);
Button btntOff = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnOFF);
btntOn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override public void
onClick(View v) {
WifiManager wmgr =
(WifiManager)getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
wmgr.setWifiEnabled(true);
}
});
btntOff.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override public void
onClick(View v) {
WifiManager wmgr =
(WifiManager)getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
wmgr.setWifiEnabled(false);
}
});
}
}

If you observe above code, we used setWifiEnabled() method of WifiManager class to enable or disable a
Wi-Fi in our application.

As discussed, we need to set Wi-Fi permissions in android manifest file (AndroidManifest.xml) to access
WiFi features in android applications. Now open android manifest file (AndroidManifest.xml) and write the
code like as shown below

AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.tf.wifiexample">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/>
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
51

android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
Unit 1
Introduction to Android, Android Versions, Android Activity, Android Features and
Architecture, Java JDK, Android SDK, Android Development Tools, Android Virtual
Devices,Emulators, Dalvik Virtual Machine, Layouts –Linear, Absolute, Frame, Relative and
Table layout
Answer all questions .Each question carries2 marks each
1.Explain Resource manager?
2.What is Linux kernel?
3.what is SSL?
4.What is SQL LITE?
5.What is view?
6.What is absolute layout?
7.What is linear layout?Explain its properties?
8.What is SGL?
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.Each carries 5 marks
9.Explain Application framework?
10.Explain SGL?
11.Explain JRE?
12.What is android SDK? Explain AVD?
13.Explain the properties of Frame layout and Table layout?
14.Discuss Emulator and its features?
15.Explain android user interface?What is FRAGMENT?
16.Explain Frame layout?Discuss fill parent and wrap content?
Answer all questions.Each question carries 15 marks each
17.Explain android archietecture?
52

18.Explain android user interfaces

OR
UI Design?
19.Explain the importance of Android?
20.Compare relative layout and Table layout?
Unit 2

Android User Interface-Fundamental UI design , User interface with View-Text View,Buttons,

Image Button, Edit Text, Check Box, Toggle Button, Radio Button and Radio Group,Progress
Bar, Autocomplete Text View, Spinner, List View, Grid View, Image View, ScrollView,
Custom Toast Alert and Time and Date Picker.
16 views
Answer all questions .Each question carries2 marks each
1.Explain properties of GRIDVIEW?
2.What is SPINNER.Give any 2 properties?
3.what is LISTVIEW?
4.Explain the properties of toggle button?
5.What is clip children?
6.What is SCROLL VIEW?
7.What is toast message?Give an example by displaying”successfully completed”?
8.Explain the properties of date picker?
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.Each carries 5 marks
9.Explain Radio button?Give an example code[XML && JAVA] for displaying gender?
10.Explain SPINNER ?Discuss Array Adapter?
11.Explain date picker?Write its java code and xml code
12.What is custom toast?Give a code for demonstrating custom toast
13.Compare image view and image button?
14.Define Auto complete view?Explain its properties?
15.Explain progress bar with its java code and xml code?
OR
Example for autocomplete view?
16.Give an example for checkbox?
OR
Give an example for CUSTOM TOAST?
53

Answer all questions.Each question carries 15 marks each

17.Explain textview and button?
18.Explain each by giving an example for (a)Radiobutton (b)Toggle button(c)image button?
19.Explain (a)list view(b)Grid view(c) Scroll view
Unit 3
Activity -Introduction, Intent, Intent_filter, Activity Life Cycle, Broadcast Life Cycle,
Services,multimedia-Android System Architecture, Play Audio and Video, Text to Speech.

Answer all questions .Each question carries2 marks

1.Explain activity?
2.What is intent?
3.what is pending intent?
4.Explain the types of intent?Explain its structure?
5.What is implicit intent?
6.What is services?
7.What is explicit intent?
8.Explain intent filter?
9.Explain multimedia architecture?

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.Each question carries 5 marks

10.Explain activity life cycle with a neat diagram ?Explain fragment?

11.Explain service life cycle?
12.What is broadcast message?Explain its features?
13.Compare the manifestfile of implicit intent and explicit intent?
14.Discuss types of intent and write the java code for adding 2 numbers using explicit
intent?
15.Explain the importance of context.startService and context.bindService?
16.Give the manifest file structure of service?
17.Explain Layout Inflator?
18.Explain Oncreate ()?
54

Answer all questions.Each question carries 15 marks each

17.Explain text to speech?
18.Explain the code for playing audio and video ?
19.Explain Media framework with a neat diagram?
UNIT 4
Extracting values from Cursors, Transactions, Telephoning and Messaging-SMSTelephony,
Sending SMS, Receiving SMS, Wi-Fi Activity.
SQLite Database in Android-Introduction to SQLite Database, Creation and Connection of
theDatabase.
Answer all questions .Each question carries2 marks
1.What is cursor?
2.What is database?
3.what is SQLIte?Why we choose SQLite?
4.Explain the steps for creating database?Explain its properties?
5.What is transactions?Explain ACID properties?
6.Compare COMMIT and ROLLBACK?
7.Give a command for creating tables in a database?
8.Explain WI-FI?
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.Each question carries 5 marks

9.Explain the code for inserting records in a table?

10.Explain the code for deleting records in a table
11.Explain how we retrieve data from a data base?
12.What is WI-FI manager?
13.Explain Rollback and consistency of a transaction?
14.Discuss the importance of execSQL?
15.Write java code for (a)creating table(b)inserting data(c)updating data(d)deleting data
16.Explain sending sms ?
Answer all questions.Each question carries 15 marks each
17.create a database named STUDENT and perform all operations(insert,delete,update)?
18.EXPLAIN CURSOR? create a database named EMPLOYEE and perform all
operations(insert,delete,update)?
19.Explain SMS telephony?
55

20.Explain WI-FI?
21.Explain ACID properties?
Answer 10 questions .Each question carries2 marks each
1.Explain WI-FI?
2.Explain XML?
3.what is meant by name-value pair in JSON?
4.What is google play services?
5.What is linux kernel?
6.What is webkit?Explain JRE?
7.What is Activitymanager ?
8.What is SQLITE in android?
9.Explain intentfilter?
10.Explain Manifest file?
11.Explain onBind()?
12.Explain java code for progress bar? ANSWER

6 QUESTIONS.Each carries 5 marks

13..Explain AVD and API level ?

14.Give the properties for Autocomplete view?
15.Explain Table Layout?
16.Explain the attribute android:measureAllchildren in Frame layout?
17.Explain toggle button by java code?
18.Discuss the importance of LayoutInflator in custom toast?
19.Explain service life cycle?
20.Explain Broadcast life cycle?
21.Write a brief note on cursor?
OR
Write a brief note on JSON?

Answer any 2 of the following. Each carries 15 marks

22.Explain transactions and its commands?
OR
Explain android play services?
56

23.Explain (a)Checkbox(b)Image view and ImageButton(c)Grid view OR

23.Write a short note on

(a)Content provider and surface manager
(b)Explicit intent
(c)Broadcast life cycle?

24.Explain Multimedia Architecture?Give the xml and java code for playing audio and video?
OR
(a)Explain Cursors?
(b)Give xml code and java code for sms telephony?
(c)Name the packages imported in playing audio and video?

25.(a)Explain WI-FI ?Explain the permissionsin its manifest file?

(b)Explain Frame layout and image button?
OR

(a) Explain Grid view in detail?

(b) Give an example for autocomplete view?

26.Write a note on radio group and radio button?

OR
Explain location services?Explain maps?
57

UNIT1 5.Explain each of the following with an

example(PHOTOSTAT)
1.Write a short note on (a)Relative layout?
(a)JRE, (b)Table layout
JDK, Page no 65
JVM
UNIT 3
(b)EMULATOR
(c)Manifest file
1.Explain the attribute android:inputType
Text bookpage no 50
and android:hint in Textview
Text book page no 72
2.Discuss and write the importance of
(a)Strings file
2.Explain the attribute autotextand editable
(b)Layout file or activity.xml file in checkbox
Text book page no 52 Text book page no 77

3.Explain android features? 3.Explain the attribute autolink and

Text book page no 15 buffertype in radio button
Text book page no 79
4.Explain android applications?
4.Give an example for progressbar?
5.Explain the attributes of autocomplete
5.Explain each of the following view? Text book page no 82
(a)android.app
(b)android.widget
6.Define list view and grid view
(c)android.os Text book page no 85
Text book page no 18
6.Explain android runtime ? UNIT 4
Text book page no 18 1.Compare started service and bounded
service
UNIT 2 2.What is intent?
3.What is service?
1.Write a short note on 4.Give the java code for implicit intent for
(a)UI or view passing the URL?(photostat) (b)view group 5.Explain multimedia
frame work?
(c)fragments
Text book page no 55-56
UNIT 5
2.Explain the properties of linear layout? 1.What is JSON?
Explain the features of linear layout? 2.What is JSON values?
Text book page no 58 3.What is Json Arrays?
4.What is JSON Name?
58

3.Explain attributes of absolute layout ? 5.Explain Json parsing and XML?

Text book page no 61 UNIT1

4.Explain the property 1.Write a short note on android:foregroundgravity and

API level of android ? android:measureAllchildren in frame 2.Explain applications
of android? layout? 3.Explain android storage? Text book page no 63 4.What
is GCM?
Text book page 16 5.What Then, the content provider receives the
is broad cast receiver? query from the client and executes and
returns the result.
Android Broadcast Receiver is an Android
component that is used to broadcast the
messages to the system or other
applications. The broadcast message is
referred to as an Event or Intent. Broadcast
receivers, unlike Activities, have no user
interface. It’s working is similar to that of a
publish-subscribe design pattern. It’s used
for Asynchronous Inter-Process
communication.

6.Explain content provider?

Content Providers are an important

component of Android. They handle the access
to the central repository and supply data from
one application to another on request. This
task of handling is done by methods of
ContentResolver class. So, content providers
can store data in various ways such as files,
database or over the internet.

Accessing Data with

Content Provider
We need to use the ContentResolver object
in our application, in order to communicate
with the content providers for data access. UNIT 2
Now to enable communication between the Explain android fragment?
user interface and ContentResolver, we use
another object, CursorLoader to run query Android Fragment is a Graphical User
asynchronously. This CursorLoader will be Interface component of Android. It resides
called using Activity/Fragment of the within the Activities of an Android
application. application. It represents a portion of UI that
the user sees on the screen. Android
59

Fragments cannot exist outside an activity. 1.Explain intent?

Another name for Fragment can be
SubActivity as they are part of Activities. Intent in Android enables communication
between components of the same as well as
Fragments can be dynamically added and different applications. we can understand
removed as per the requirements. Fragments them as asynchronous messages.
improve the adaptability & user experience
by making the UI flexible for all devices. 2.Why intents are important in
All the Fragments contain their own Events. communication?
Fragments generally provide us with a more Intent performs the following three tasks
flexible and wide range of options to make mainly:
our Application more interactive. It can
Starting an Activity
make different types of tab displays like
scrolling, fixed or swiping tab. It also makes
An Activity starts/performs a task when we pass the
customizable action bars.
Intent object to the content.startActivity() method.
When an intent object is passed to startActivity(), it
2.Explain LayoutInflator in custom toast?
starts a new activity or an existing one. 2. Starting a
• LayoutInflater is used to create a Service
new View (or Layout) object from
An Intent object is passed to the
one of your xml layouts. content.startService() method, to start a Service. We
• findViewById just gives you a can also send a required request to an existing
reference to a view than has already service.
been created.We might think that
3. Delivering a Broadcast
you haven't created any views yet,
but whenever you call
Passing the Intent object in
setContentView in onCreate, the content.sendBroadcast(), sends messages to
activity's layout along with its broadcast receivers.
subviews gets inflated (created)
behind the scenes. Explain intent types?

So if the view already exists, then use

findViewById. If not, then create it with a Implicit Intent in
LayoutInflater.
Android
A LayoutInflater is one of the Android
System Services that is responsible for
Implicit Type of Intents are those that do not
taking your XML files that define a layout, mention any component name and only
and converting them into View objects. The declare the actions.
OS then uses these view objects to draw
the screen. Implicit Intents specifies these actions that
are to be performed. These actions can
invoke any application component that can
UNIT 3 perform these actions. These are useful
60

when your action is important but your • <actions> – Action name defines the
application is not capable of performing it. intent action that it’ll accept.
• <data> – Data defines the data that is
acceptable.
• <category> – Category defines the
Let’s check the following so we can learn name of the Intent Category that is
how to use it: acceptable.

Intent intent = new Intent(); Explain Manifestfile?

intent.setAction=(Intent.ACTION_DIA
L);
The manifest file in Android is generally
created automatically as soon as the app is
built in Android Studio.
Explicit Intent in
The information that is stored in the
Android Manifest file is as follows:
Explicit Type are those Intents that
specifically mention the component that it • The name of the application’s
targets. The Android system calls these package, it is generally the code’s
components by explicitly mentioning them. namespace. This information is used
We can use Explicit Intent for the purpose to determine the location of the code
of launching an application component. while building the project.
• Another component is the one, that
Following is an example to implement includes all the activities, services,
Explicit Intent: receivers, and content providers.
• The permissions that are required by
Intent intent = new the application to access the
Intent(this,MyActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(“Value 1”, “Value
protected parts of the system and
one for MyActivity”); other apps.
• The features required by the app,
that affect which devices can install
Intent Filters in Android the app from Google Play. These
Intent Filters are expressions in the Manifest features include both hardware and
file of an Android Application. These are software features.
responsible for deciding the behavior of the • It also specifies the application
Intent. Intent filters that we mention in the metadata, which includes the icon,
Manifest file can be nested with the version number, themes, etc.
application components.
UNIT 4
Basically, Intent Filters can define the
https://data-
behavior of Intents using three Elements, flair.training/blogs/androidfragment/
that are- 1.Explain ROLLBACK?
2.Explain execSQL()?
3.What is cursor?
61

4.How to retrieve data from a database?

UNIT 5
1.How to loop an JSON object?
2.What is nested JSONObject?

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