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Design and Development of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System

Article in Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal · August 2019

DOI: 10.18805/ag.D-4893

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 RESEARCH ARTICLE

Design and Development of Temperature and Humidity

Monitoring System
RN Sonawane1*, AS Ghule2, AP Bowlekar3, AH Zakane4 10.18805/ag.D-4893

A b s t r ac t
The temperature and humidity monitoring system was developed using various components viz., Arduino Uno, DHT11 sensor, universal
serial bus (USB) type B cable, adaptor, DC power jack, 9-V battery connector, 9-V DC battery, resistor, liquid-crystal display (LCD) screen,
trimmer potentiometer, light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs, jumper wires, micro secure digital (SD) card module, printed circuit board
(PCB), etc. The field testing of the developed temperature and humidity monitoring system was carried out at various locations of the
college campus. It was observed that the system worked between the percent variation of 0–8.00% for temperature and 0–5.97% for
humidity. The developed system showed the accuracy of ±2°C for temperature and ±4% for humidity. The total cost incurred for the
development of temperature and humidity monitoring system along with all accessories was ₹1625.
Keywords: Arduino Uno, DHT11, Light-emitting diode, Liquid-crystal display screen, Printed circuit board.
Agricultural Science Digest (2019)

Introduction 1-4
Dr. Budhajirao Mulik College of Agricultural Engineering and

N owadays, agriculture doesn’t only limit to cultivate crops

rather following a convenient and efficient way to grow
more crops (Saha et al., 2017). The demand and usefulness
Technology, Mandki-Palvan, Chiplun, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
Corresponding Author: RN Sonawane, Dr. Budhajirao
Mulik College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,
of greenhouse technology are increasing with the increase Mandki-Palvan, Chiplun, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India, e-mail:
in population, and there is no alternative of it to cope with [email protected]
epicurean lifestyles of people. Also, it is not convenient to rely How to cite this article: Sonawane, R. N., Ghule, A. S., Bowlekar, A.
on natural climatic conditions in agriculture (Saranya et al., 2017). P., & Zakane, A. H. (2019). Design and Development of Temperature
The temperature of the environment is extremely and Humidity Monitoring System. Agri Sci Diges, 39(2):114-118.
important for plants as it affects multiple growing factors: Source of support: Nil
the rates of photosynthesis and respiration, germination, Conflict of interest: None
flowering, and ultimately, crop quality (Rowinski, 2016). Submitted: 21/02/2019 Accepted: 29/04/2019
Extreme temperatures can negatively impact plant
productivity, so maintaining the temperature in a greenhouse module and LED indicators are connected to the Arduino Uno
is crucial. Each plant also has its specific temperature range, so (controller). The controller is connected to the power supply.
being able to adjust the settings in the greenhouse is equally
Power Supply
as important (Kale and Kulkarni, 2016).
Humidity is the measure of how much moisture is Temperature and humidity sensor, LCD screen and LED are
present in the air. When plants transpire, water vapor along connected to the Arduino Uno (controller) which works on
with molecules of a gas is released from the stomata on the 9 Volt DC supply. Nine Volt DC @ 2 Ampere supply is used to
underside of the leaves, increasing the humidity (Shah and power Arduino Uno. Temperature and humidity sensor, LED
Mehta, 2017). High humidity can be fatal to plants if it is not Power Supply
monitored, as a build-up of moisture on plants promotes the
germination of fungal pathogen spores such as Botrytis and
powdery mildew. It is therefore important to make sure that
air is circulating through the greenhouse to reduce the water
vapor around the plants (Rowinski, 2016). LCD Screen
This paper presents the design and development of
temperature and humidity monitoring system using Arduino Temperature Arduino
board. and Humidity Micro SD card
UNO
Sensor Module
Controller
M at e r ia l s and methods
LED Indicators
Hardware Connections and Connectivity
As shown in Figure 1, the different hardware components,
temperature, and humidity sensor, LCD screen, micro SD card Fig. 1: Hardware connections and connectivity

114 Agricultural Science Digest, Volume 39 Issue 2 (April-June 2019)

 Design and Development of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System

indicators and LCD screens are powered through Arduino with a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller. The product
UNO, 9 Volt output (Shirsath et al., 2017). has excellent quality, fast response, strong anti-jamming
capability, and high cost (Kale and Kulkarni, 2016).
USB Type B Cable
USB type B connectors officially referred to as Standard-B Resistor
connectors, are square with either a slight rounding or large A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component
square protrusion on the top, depending on the USB version. that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In
USB Type-B connectors are supported in every USB version, electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow,
including USB 3.0, USB 2.0, and USB 1.1. The second type of “B” adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements,
connector, called Powered-B, also exists but only in USB 3.0 and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.

Adaptor LCD Screen

An (electrical) adapter is a device that converts attributes Liquid crystal display (LCD) is a screen to display alphanumeric
of one electrical device or system to those of an otherwise characters. 16 x 2 LCD is used as a user interface. Here, 16 x
incompatible device or system. Some modify power or signal 2 refers to the 16 characters in 2 lines in the module (Sipani
attributes, while others merely adapt the physical form of one et al., 2017).
electrical connector to another.
Trimmer Potentiometer
DC Power Jack A trimpot or trimmer potentiometer is a small potentiometer
A DC connector (or DC plug, for one common type of which is used for adjustment, tuning, and calibration in
connector) is an electrical connector for supplying direct circuits. Trimpots or presets are normally mounted on printed
current (DC) power. circuit boards and adjusted by using a screwdriver.

9-V Battery Connector LED Bulbs

The battery has both terminals in a snap connector on one A LED lamp or LED light bulb is an electric light for use in light
end. The smaller circular (male) terminal is positive, and fixtures that produces light using light-emitting diode (LED).
the larger hexagonal or octagonal (female) terminal is the
Jumper Wires
negative contact. The connectors on the battery are the same
as on the load device; the smaller one connects to the larger Jumper wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a
one and vice versa. cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes
without them –simply “tinned”), which is normally used
9-V DC Battery to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other
The 9-V battery format is commonly available in primary prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment
carbon-zinc and alkaline chemistry, in primary lithium iron or components, without soldering. Individual jump wires
disulfide, and rechargeable form in nickel-cadmium, nickel are fitted by inserting their “end connectors” into the slots
metal hydride, and lithium-ion. provided in a breadboard, the header connector of a circuit
board, or a piece of test equipment.
Controller
Arduino Uno board is used as a controller which is based on Micro SD Card Module
ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can The micro SD card module is a simple solution for transferring
be used as PWM outputs), a 16 MHz ceramic Resonator, a USB data to and from a standard SD card. The pinout is directly
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button compatible with Arduino, but can also be used with other
(Krishnamurthi et al., 2015). Arduino board is programmed via microcontrollers. It allows for adding mass storage and data
Universal Serial Bus (USB), implemented using USB-to-serial logging to the project. This module has a serial peripheral
adapter chips such as the FTDI FT232 (Kale and Kulkarni, 2016). interface (SPI) interface which is compatible with any SD card,
Arduino program is written by interfacing the board with a and it uses 5V or 3.3V power supply which is compatible with
computer in order to create a programming user interface Arduino Uno.
area to startup controlling tasks properly (Mahmood and
Printed Circuit Board
Hasan, 2017).
A printed circuit board (PCB) is a predesigned copper
DHT11 Sensor track on a conducting sheet which mechanically supports
DHT11 capacitive humidity sensing digital temperature and and electrically connects, electronic components using
humidity module is one that contains the compound that has conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from
been calibrated digitally to signal output of the temperature copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.
and humidity sensors (Manghnani et al., 2017). The sensor The pre-defined tracks reduce the wiring thereby reducing
includes a capacitive sensor, wet components, and a high- the faults arising due to lose connections. Simply place the
precision temperature measurement device, and connected components on the PCB and solder them.

Agricultural Science Digest, Volume 39 Issue 2 (April-June 2019) 115

 Design and Development of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System

R e s u lts and discussion

Developed Temperature and Humidity Monitoring

System
As shown in Figure 3, the temperature and humidity monitoring
system is developed using various hardware connections viz.
USB type B cable, DC power jack, 9-V battery adaptor, 9-V
battery, Arduino Uno, resistor, LCD, trimmer potentiometer,
LED, jumper wires, micro SD card module PCB, etc.
LCD Display of Developed Temperature and Humidity
Monitoring System
As shown in Figure 4, LCD displayed different comments as
per the control program written in ‘C’ language.
Testing of developed temperature and humidity
Fig. 2: Circuit diagram
monitoring system
Circuit Diagram The testing of the developed temperature and humidity
monitoring system was carried out by comparing the
Figure 2 shows the circuit diagram of the developed
temperature and humidity recorded by the controller with a
temperature and humidity monitoring system. Arduino
hygrometer. The readings were taken for one day at various
Uno board has 13 digital outputs and 6 analogs to digital
time intervals at the open field and two polyhouses of the
converters (A0 to A5). The power (5V) can be provided to
institute. Table 1 shows the controller and hydrometer
the Arduino board through the B type USB port. The DHT11
readings and the percent error between them form 08:00
sensor, LCD, LED’s and micro SD card module are connected
am to 06:00 pm at the interval of 2 hours.
to the Arduino Uno board.
From Table 1, it is observed that the controller showed
Formulae for percent error of temperature and humidity the temperature with the percent error of 0-8% and humidity
with the error of 0-5.97%. Thus, the developed system
Hygrometer Reading - Sensor Reading showed an accuracy of ±20C for temperature and ±4% for
Per cent error = x 100
Hygrometer Reading humidity.

Fig. 3: Developed temperature and humidity monitoring system

116 Agricultural Science Digest, Volume 39 Issue 2 (April-June 2019)

 Design and Development of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System

Fig. 4: LCD display of developed temperature and humidity monitoring system

Table 1: Testing of developed temperature and humidity monitoring system

Controller readings Hygrometer readings Percent error
Time Place Temperature (°C) Humudity (%) Temperature (°C) Humudity (%) Temperature (°C) Humudity (%)
8:00 am Open field 20 89 21 88 4.76 –1.14
Polyhouse–1 19 91 20 92 5.00 1.09
Polyhouse–2 21 88 20 90 –5.00 2.22
10:00 am Open field 25 70 24 74 –4.17 5.41
Polyhouse–1 26 76 26 78 0.00 2.56
Polyhouse–2 26 78 25 82 –4.00 4.88
12:00 pm Open field 34 52 33 56 –3.03 7.14
Polyhouse–1 28 65 29 63 3.45 –3.17
Polyhouse–2 28 63 29 67 3.45 5.97
2:00 pm Open field 37 49 37 51 0.00 3.92
Polyhouse–1 29 64 27 68 –7.41 5.88
Polyhouse–2 30 76 29 78 –3.45 2.56
4:00 pm Open field 34 60 36 58 5.56 –3.45
Polyhouse–1 29 93 28 92 –3.57 –1.09
Polyhouse–2 30 85 29 85 –3.45 0.00
6:00 pm Open field 30 77 31 76 3.23 –1.32
Polyhouse–1 27 95 25 96 –8.00 1.04
Polyhouse–2 28 93 28 92 0.00 –1.09

Cost Analysis of Developed Temperature and Humidity prices of different components. The cost of Arduino Uno
Monitoring System used for development was for ₹460 while the DHT11 sensor
The cost analysis of the developed temperature and humidity cost ₹220. The cost of other components such as USB type
monitoring system was worked out as per the present market B cable, adapter, DC power jack, 9-V battery connector, 9-V

Agricultural Science Digest, Volume 39 Issue 2 (April-June 2019) 117

 Design and Development of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System

DC battery, resistor, LCD screen, trimmer potentiometer, LED Kale, V. and Kulkarni, R. (2016). Real Time Remote Temperature
bulbs, jumper wires, micro SD card module, PCB, etc. were & Humidity Monitoring Using Arduino and Xbee S2.
as per the present prices in the market. The total cost of the International Journal of Innovative Researchi in Electrical,
newly developed temperature and humidity monitoring Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, 4(6):
system was found to be ₹1625. 175-179.
Krishnamurthi, K., Thapa, S., Kothari, L. and Prakash, A. (2015).
Discussion Arduino Based Weather Monitoring System. International
Enokela and Othoigbe, 2015 designed an automated Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 3(2):
greenhouse control system using Arduino prototype platform. 452-458.
The system designed by them achieved monitoring and Kunjumon, S., Pinto, K. and Saldanha, J. (2016). Temperature
control of a greenhouse environment by using sensors and and Humidity Monitoring and Alert Management System.
actuators which were under the control of a microcontroller International Journal of Engineering Research and General
running a computer program. They concluded that the Science, 4(4):349-351.
greenhouse control system was successfully designed and Mahmood, S. and Hasan, F. (2017). Design of Weather Monitoring
was meant to protect seedlings in nurseries from intruders. System Using Arduino Based Database Implementation.
Kale and Kulkarni, 2016 developed real-time remote Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and
temperature and humidity monitoring using Arduino. This Technology (JMEST), 4(4):7109-7117.
system had more variation of humidity parameter in night Manghnani, S., Chittampally, R. and Kasaram, P. (2017). Arduino
time as compared to the day time. Kunjumon et al., 2016 Based Wireless System for Temperature and Humidity
developed temperature and humidity monitoring and alert Monitoring. International Conference on Emerging Trends
management system. In the system developed by them, in Engineering, Science and Management, 521-528.
a solution was provided to monitor and get an alert of an Rowinski, R. (2016). The Automated Greenhouse. Unpublished BSc.
increase in temperature or humidity. They concluded that this (Hons.) Thesis, School of Computer Science, University of
system can be cheaply made from low-cost locally available Manchester, 10.
components and can be used to monitor and control the Saha, T., Jewel, M., Mostakim, M., Bhuiyan, N., Ali, M., Rahman,
temperature and humidity at the data center. M., Ghosh, H. and Hossain, K. (2017). Construction and
Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using
C o n c lu s i o n Arduino Uno. International Journal of Information Engineering
The temperature and humidity monitoring system was and Electronic Business, 1-8.
designed using various components viz., Arduino Uno, DHT11 Saranya, T., Rekha, P., Nirmala, P., Vijayalakshmi, P., Sushmitha, K. and
sensor, USB type B cable, adaptor, DC power jack, 9-V battery Swetha, R. (2017). Zidong Polyhouse Using IOT. International
connector, 9-V DC battery, resistor, LCD screen, trimmer Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering
potentiometer, LED bulbs, jumper wires, micro SD card module, Technology, 5(2):480-484.
PCB, etc. The temperature and humidity monitoring system Shirsath, D., Kamble, P., Mane, R., Kolap, A. and More R. (2017).
was developed at a low cost of ₹1625. The developed system IOT Based Smart Greenhouse Automation Using Arduino.
showed a percent variation of 0 to 8 % for temperature and 0 International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer
to 5.97% for humidity. Thus, the system showed the accuracy Science and Technology. 5(2):234-238.
of ±2°C for temperature and ± 4% for humidity. Sipani, J., Patel, R. and Upadhyaya, T. (2017). Temperature &
Humidity Monitoring and Control System Based On Arduino
Acknowledgment and Sim900 GSM Shield. International Journal of Electrical,
Electronics and Data Communication. 5(11):62-68.
Authors are thankful to Dr. Budhajirao Mulik College of
Agricultural Engineering and Technology Mandki–Palvan, Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution
Affiliated to Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation,
distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
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and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article
References are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit
line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and
your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you
Enokela, J. and Othoigbe, T. (2015). An Automated Greenhouse will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this
Control System Using Arduino Prototyping Platform. license, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/.© The Author(s) 2019
Australian Journal of Engineering Research, 1-13 ISSN: 0976-0547 (Online), 0253-150X (Print), Naas Rating: 4.21

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