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Science Notes - M3 Part 1 Gametogenesis

Gametogenesis is the formation of gametes, classified into spermatogenesis for males and oogenesis for females. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes, producing sperm cells through a series of divisions, while oogenesis occurs in the ovaries, leading to the maturation of egg cells. Meiosis plays a crucial role in reducing chromosome numbers in gametes, ensuring proper fertilization and development.

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Cristian Joel P. Delos Santos
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29 views2 pages

Science Notes - M3 Part 1 Gametogenesis

Gametogenesis is the formation of gametes, classified into spermatogenesis for males and oogenesis for females. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes, producing sperm cells through a series of divisions, while oogenesis occurs in the ovaries, leading to the maturation of egg cells. Meiosis plays a crucial role in reducing chromosome numbers in gametes, ensuring proper fertilization and development.

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Cristian Joel P. Delos Santos
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1 Science Notes- Gametogenesis

GAMETOGENESIS- The formation of gametes.

• This process can be classified as

• Spermatogenesis

• Oogenesis.

SPERMATOGENESIS- the production of sperm cells among males.

 These cells are produced in the testes, in particular in the walls of thin,
tightly coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules.

Stages of spermatogenesis

 The reproductive cells in males known as spermatogonium (plural


spermatogonia) undergo a period of proliferation by mitosis and become
primary spermatocytes. This primary spermatocyte has a complete set of
number of chromosomes (2N).
 During the first meiotic division, the primary spermatocyte divides and
forms secondary spermatocytes with only half the number of
chromosomes (N).
 The secondary spermatocytes divide. Cell division occurs during meiosis
II and form into four haploid (N) daughter cells known as spermatids.
These are the cells created after meiosis II. Then, the spermatids develop
and grow a flagellum or tail and become functional sperm cells known as
spermatozoa.
Parts of the spermatozoa/Sperm Cell

1. Nucleus (plural form nuclei) is found in the head.


2. Mitochondrion (plural form mitochondria) is at the
middle piece that connects the head to its tail. It
provides energy for the locomotion.
3. Acrosome is a cap-like structure which develops on
the head. It contains digestive enzymes. These
enzymes penetrate the outer sheath of the ovum,
resulting to the merging of the sperm and the ovum
haploid nucleus.

OOGENESIS- refers to the growth process in which the primary egg cell
becomes a mature ovum in the female reproductive system. In other words, the
process of making egg cells.

• It happens inside the ovaries among female organisms.

I. Before birth

• Special cells called oogonia (singular: oogonium) grow inside the


ovaries.

• These cells multiply and grow bigger, preparing to divide.


2 Science Notes- Gametogenesis

• Once ready, they start meiosis and turn into primary oocytes (immature egg cells).

• The primary oocytes stop developing at an early stage of meiosis and stay frozen until the girl reaches puberty.

II. Puberty and Monthly Cycle

• When a girl reaches puberty (around age 12 or older), her body starts releasing a hormone called Follicle-
Stimulating Hormone (FSH).

• This hormone wakes up some of the primary oocytes each month to continue their development.

III. Meiosis I – The First Division

• The primary oocyte divides into two cells, but they are not equal in size:

• The big cell is called the secondary oocyte and will continue developing.

• The small cell is called a polar body and will eventually disappear.

IV. Ovulation and Meiosis II

• The secondary oocyte is released from the ovary during ovulation.

• It moves into the fallopian tube, waiting to meet a sperm cell.

• At this point, it stops again in the middle of Meiosis II.

V. If Fertilization Happens

• If a sperm cell enters the egg, Meiosis II continues and finishes.

• The final product is a mature egg cell (ovum) and another polar body (which disappears).

• The mature egg contains food and nutrients needed for the early development of a baby.

Role of Meiosis in Gametogenesis

• The role of meiosis in gametogenesis is to reduce the chromosome number of gametes from diploid (2N) to
haploid (N). This ensures that when sperm and egg unite during fertilization, the resulting zygote has the correct
diploid (2N) chromosome number. Meiosis also produces four haploid cells, which later develop into mature
and functional gametes inside the testes (males) and ovaries (females).

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