OOPS in Python
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sakshamdubey022OOPS in Python
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sakshamdubey022Object-oriented programming-
An object-oriented programming is to design the program using classes and objects. The object is
related to real-word entities such as book, house, pencil, etc. The oops concept focuses on writing the
reusable code. It is a widespread technique to solve the problem by creating objects.
Characteristics and features of OOPS-
o Class
o Object
o Inheritance
o Polymorphism
o Data Abstraction
o Encapsulation
Class-
The class can be defined as a collection of objects. It is a logical entity that has some specific
attributes and methods. For example: if you have an employee class, then it should contain an
attribute and method, i.e. an email id, name, age, salary, etc.
Syntax
class ClassName:
<statement-1>
.
.
<statement-N>
Object-
The object is an entity that has state and behavior. It may be any real-world object like the
mouse, keyboard, chair, table, pen, etc.
Everything in Python is an object, and almost everything has attributes and methods. All
functions have a built-in attribute __doc__, which returns the docstring defined in the
function source code.
When we define a class, it needs to create an object to allocate the memory. Consider the
following example.
Example:
class car:
def __init__(self,modelname, year):
self.modelname = modelname
self.year = year
def display(self):
print(self.modelname,self.year)
c1 = car("Toyota", 2016)
c1.display()
Inheritance-
Inheritance is the most important aspect of object-oriented programming, which simulates the
real-world concept of inheritance. It specifies that the child object acquires all the properties
and behaviors of the parent object.
By using inheritance, we can create a class which uses all the properties and behavior of another
class. The new class is known as a derived class or child class, and the one whose properties
are acquired is known as a base class or parent class.
It provides the re-usability of the code.
Polymorphism-
Polymorphism contains two words "poly" and "morphs". Poly means many, and morph means
shape. By polymorphism, we understand that one task can be performed in different ways. For
example - you have a class animal, and all animals speak. But they speak differently. Here, the
"speak" behavior is polymorphic in a sense and depends on the animal. So, the abstract "animal"
concept does not actually "speak", but specific animals (like dogs and cats) have a concrete
implementation of the action "speak".
Encapsulation-
Encapsulation is also an essential aspect of object-oriented programming. It is used to restrict
access to methods and variables. In encapsulation, code and data are wrapped together within
a single unit from being modified by accident.
Data Abstraction-
Data abstraction and encapsulation both are often used as synonyms. Both are nearly synonyms
because data abstraction is achieved through encapsulation.
Abstraction is used to hide internal details and show only functionalities. Abstracting something
means to give names to things so that the name captures the core of what a function or a whole
program does.
