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Exp 5

The document provides a C program to build and print a broadcast tree for a subnet of hosts, specifically illustrating a subnet with four hosts (A, B, C, D) and their IP addresses. It explains key concepts such as subnets, subnet masks, network addresses, and broadcast addresses, as well as the structure and purpose of a broadcast tree in computer networks. The program constructs the broadcast tree with Host A as the root and connects it to the other hosts, ensuring that broadcast messages reach all nodes without loops.

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Mohammad Shanawaz
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54 views3 pages

Exp 5

The document provides a C program to build and print a broadcast tree for a subnet of hosts, specifically illustrating a subnet with four hosts (A, B, C, D) and their IP addresses. It explains key concepts such as subnets, subnet masks, network addresses, and broadcast addresses, as well as the structure and purpose of a broadcast tree in computer networks. The program constructs the broadcast tree with Host A as the root and connects it to the other hosts, ensuring that broadcast messages reach all nodes without loops.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Shanawaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment-5

5. Take an example subnet of hosts and obtain a broadcast tree for the subnet.

C Program to Build and Print a Broadcast Tree

// File Name: broadcast_tree.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define MAX_HOSTS 4

// Structure to represent a node in the broadcast tree


struct Node {
char *ip;
struct Node *next;
};

// Function to add a child node


struct Node *addNode(char *ip) {
struct Node *newNode = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
newNode->ip = ip;
newNode->next = NULL;
return newNode;
}

// Function to build the broadcast tree


void buildBroadcastTree(struct Node **root) {
*root = addNode("192.168.1.1"); // Root node (Host A)
(*root)->next = addNode("192.168.1.2"); // Child node (Host B)
(*root)->next->next = addNode("192.168.1.3"); // Child node (Host C)
(*root)->next->next->next = addNode("192.168.1.4"); // Child node (Host D)
}

// Function to print the broadcast tree


void printBroadcastTree(struct Node *root) {
struct Node *current = root;
while (current != NULL) {
printf("%s -> ", current->ip);
current = current->next;
}
printf("NULL\n");
}
int main() {
struct Node *broadcastTree = NULL;
buildBroadcastTree(&broadcastTree);
printBroadcastTree(broadcastTree);

// Free the allocated memory


struct Node *current = broadcastTree;
struct Node *nextNode;
while (current != NULL) {
nextNode = current->next;
free(current);
current = nextNode;
}

return 0;
}

Compile : gcc -o broadcast_tree broadcast_tree.c


Execution : ./broadcast_tree

Output :

192.168.1.1 -> 192.168.1.2 -> 192.168.1.3 -> 192.168.1.4 -> NULL

Explanation

What is a Subnet?
A subnet (short for "subnetwork") is a logical subdivision of an IP network. The main purpose of
subnetting is to improve network performance and security by dividing a larger network into
smaller, more manageable segments. Each subnet operates independently and can be managed
separately.
Key Components of a Subnet:
• IP Address: A unique identifier for each device on a network (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
• Subnet Mask: Used to determine which portion of an IP address is the network part and
which part is the host part (e.g., 255.255.255.0).
• Network Address: Identifies the subnet and is obtained by performing a bitwise AND
operation between the IP address and the subnet mask (e.g., 192.168.1.0).
• Broadcast Address: Used to send data to all devices on the subnet. It is obtained by setting
all the host bits in the IP address to 1 (e.g., 192.168.1.255).
What is a Broadcast Tree?
A broadcast tree is a type of spanning tree used in computer networks to ensure that a broadcast
message sent by any node (host) reaches every other node in the network without causing loops. In
a broadcast tree, each node can reach every other node through the tree structure.

Example Subnet and Broadcast Tree


Example Subnet
Let's consider a simple subnet with the following hosts and their respective IP addresses:
• Host A: 192.168.1.1
• Host B: 192.168.1.2
• Host C: 192.168.1.3
• Host D: 192.168.1.4

Building the Broadcast Tree


A broadcast tree is built by connecting all hosts in a way that any broadcast from the root node
(Host A) will reach all other hosts.
1. Choose a Root Node:
• Let's select Host A (192.168.1.1) as our root node.
2. Add Direct Neighbors:
• Connect Host A to Host B (192.168.1.2)
• Connect Host A to Host C (192.168.1.3)
• Connect Host A to Host D (192.168.1.4)

Resulting Broadcast Tree


The resulting broadcast tree would look like this:
Host A
/ | \
Host B Host C Host D

Root: Host A (192.168.1.1)


• Child Nodes: Host B (192.168.1.2), Host C (192.168.1.3), Host D (192.168.1.4)

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