Given that an infinite sequence { u1 , u2 ,u3 , … } ={u n }∞n=1 is either convergent, divergent

∞
or neither. Its corresponding infinite series, ∑ u n, is said to converge, if the sequence of its
n =1
∞
, converges. In this case, we write ∑ u n= nlim Sn . If
∞
partial sums, { S }
n n=1 →∞
n =1
∞

{ Sn }n=1 does not coverage ,then the series∑ u ndiverges.

∞

n =1

{ }
∞
1
1. Consider an infinite sequence 5+ and its corresponding infinite series
3n n=1

( )
∞
1
∑ 5+
3n
.
n =1

a) Find the limit of the sequence, if exist.

b) Calculate the sequence of the partial sums, S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20 .
c) Construct a table and plot a graph of the sequence of the partial sums,
S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20.
d) Describe the graph.

( )
∞
1
e) Comment on the convergence of the series∑ 5+ n based on the graph.
n =1 3

2. Repeat steps (a) to (e) in 1 for

{ }
∞
1
a) p 7 , where p = 3, 5, and 7.
n +
n n=1
∞
b) { n 2+ n+1 }n=1

{ }
∞
1
n (n+1) n=1

{ }
∞
1
3+
n ( n+1 ) n=1
n ∞
{e }n=1

3. Compare and comment the graphs obtained in 1 and 2.

4. Write your report based on your observation of the relationship between the limit of
the sequence and the convergence of their corresponding infinite series.
SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN BAU
MATHEMATICS (M) COURSEWORK 950/4
YEAR 2024

TITLE:
INFINITE SEQUENCE AND SERIES INVESTIGATION

Declaration
This is to certify that the assignment report submitted is based on my own
work.

Signature:
Name: Mike Randy Ak Javeline
I/C Number: 060414-14-1415
Date: 4 November 2024
INTRODUCTION
The assignment is to determine whether a given infinite sequence converges or
diverges, and if the sequence converges, the value of its limit is either zero or non-zero.
Furthermore, the investigation is carried out on its corresponding infinite series.
Convergent definition in mathematics is a property (displayed by certain innumerable
series and functions) of approaching a limit more and more explicitly as an argument
(variable) of the function increases or decreases or as the number of terms of the series gets
increased. While, a divergent series is an infinite series that is not convergent, meaning that
the infinite sequence of the partial sums of the series does not have a finite limit.
Next, a partial sum of an infinite series is the sum of a finite number of consecutive
terms beginning with the first term. Lastly, an infinite sequence refers to a sequence that
continues indefinitely, without a final term or limit. It can be defined as a series of numbers
or elements that follow a specific pattern or rule, and it can be represented by a formula or
recursive relation. Then, limit of a sequence is the value the sequence approaches as the
number of terms goes to infinity.
So, we will explore more on infinite sequence and determine either the sequence is
convergent or divergent by increasing the value of n. Then, we also will investigate the partial
sum of the series and see either the graph of the series approaching specific value or
approaches to infinity.
RESULT
An infinite sequence { u1 , u2 ,u3 , … } ={u n }∞n=1 is either convergent, divergent or neither.
∞
Its corresponding infinite series, ∑ u n, is said to converge, if the sequence of its partial sums,
n =1
∞

{ Sn }n=1 , converges. In this case, we write ∑ u n= nlim Sn . If { S }∞ does not coverage ,then the
∞
→∞ n n=1
n =1
∞
series∑ u ndiverges.
n =1

{ }
∞
1
Consider an infinite sequence 5+ and its corresponding infinite series
3n n=1

( )
∞
1
∑ 5+
3n
n =1

n 1
5+ n
3
1 5.333333
2 5.111111
3 5.037037
4 5.012456
5 5.004115
6 5.001372
7 5.000457
8 5.000152
9 5.000051
10 5.000017
11 5.000005
12 5.000001882
13 5.000000627
14 5.000000209
15 5.00000007
16 5.000000023
17 5.000000008
18 5.000000003
19 5.000000001
20 5.0
 From the table, when n become larger, we can know that sequence approach to 5.
Hence, we can conclude that the limit of the sequence is 5.

The sequence of the partial sums, S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20 is calculate as below.

∞
n 1
Sn=∑ (5+ )
n=1 3n
1 5.333333
2 10.444444
3 15.481481
4 20.493937
5 25.498052
6 30.499424
7 35.499881
8 40.500033
9 45.500084
10 50.500101
11 55.500106
12 60.50010788
13 65.50010851
14 70.50010872
15 75.50010879
16 80.50010881
17 85.50010882
18 90.50010882
19 95.50010882
20 100.5001088
 Based on the data above, the graph of the sequence of the partial sums,
S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20is plot as below.

Sn

120

100

80

60

40

20

n
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

∞
Based on the graph, the line of ∑ (5+ 31n ) is increasing to infinity. Hence, the series
n =1
is divergent.
 { }
∞
1
Consider an infinite sequence p 7 and its corresponding infinite series when p
n +
n n=1
= 3.
n 1
7
n3 +
n
1 0.125
2 0.086957
3 0.034091
4 0.015209
5 0.007911
6 0.004605
7 0.002907
8 0.001950
9 0.001370
10 0.000999
11 0.000751
12 0.000579
13 0.000455
14 0.000364
15 0.000296
16 0.000244
17 0.000204
18 0.000171
19 0.000146
20 0.000125

From the table, when n become larger, we can know that the sequence approach to 0.
Hence, limit of the sequence is 0..
the
The sequence of the partial sums, S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20 is calculate as below

( )
∞
n 1
Sn=∑
3 7
n=1
n+
n

1 0.125
2 0.211957
3 0.246048
4 0.261257
5 0.269168
6 0.273773
7 0.27668
8 0.27863
9 0.28
10 0.280999
11 0.28175
12 0.282329
13 0.282784
14 0.283148
15 0.283444
16 0.283688
17 0.283892
18 0.284063
19 0.284209
20 0.284334
 Based on the data above, the graph of the sequence of the partial sums,
S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20is plot as below.

Sn

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

n
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
 ( )
∞
1
Sn=∑
Based on the graph, the line 3 7 is approaches to 0.3. Hence, the series is
n=1
n+
n
convergent.

{ }
∞
1
Consider an infinite sequence p 7 and its corresponding infinite series when
n +
n n=1
p = 5.
n 1
7
n5 +
n
1 0.125
2 0.028169
3 0.004076
4 0.000749
5 0.0003199
6 0.000129
7 0.0000595
8 0.0000305
9 0.0000169
10 0.00000999
11 0.00000621
12 0.00000402
13 0.00000269
14 0.000000184
15 0.00000132
16 0.000000954
17 0.000000704
18 0.000000529
19 0.000000404
20 0.000000312
 From the table, when n become larger, we can know that sequence approach to 0.
Hence,we can know that thelimit of the sequenceis 0..
The sequence of the partial sums, S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20 is calculate as below

( )
∞
n 1
Sn=∑
5 7
n=1
n+
n

1 0.125
2 0.153169
3 0.157245
4 0.157994
5 0.158314
6 0.158443
7 0.158502
8 0.158533
9 0.15855
10 0.15856
11 0.158566
12 0.15857
13 0.158573
14 0.158573
15 0.158574
16 0.158575
17 0.158576
18 0.158576
19 0.158577
20 0.158577
 Based on the data above, the graph of the sequence of the partial sums,
S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20is plot as below..

Sn
0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

n
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
 ( )
∞
1
Sn=∑
Based on the graph, the line 5 7 is approaching to 0.16. Hence, the series
n=1
n+
n
is convergent.

{ }
∞
1
Consider an infinite sequence p 7 and its corresponding infinite series when
n +
n n=1
p = 7.
n 1
7
n7 +
n
1 0.125
2 0.007604563
3 0.00045676004
4 0.00006102864
5 0.00001279977
6 0.00000357223
7 0.000001214264
8 0.000000476836
9 0.0000002090751
10 0.000000099999
11 0.00000005131581
12 0.00000002790816
13 0.00000001593663
14 0.0000000094864505
15 0.000000005852766
16 0.000000003725290
17 0.000000002437011
18 0.000000001633399
19 0.000000001118729
20 0.0000000007812499

From the table, when n become larger, we can know that sequence approach to 0.
Hence, the limit off the sequenceis 0.
The sequence of the partial sums, S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20 is calculate as below

( )
∞
n 1
Sn=∑
7 7
n=1
n+
n

1 0.125
2 0.132604563
3 0.133061323
4 0.133122352
5 0.133135151
6 0.133138724
7 0.133139938
8 0.133140415
9 0.133140624
10 0.133140724
11 0.133140775
12 0.133140803
13 0.133140819
14 0.133140829
15 0.133140834
16 0.133140838
17 0.133140841
18 0.133140842
19 0.133140843
20 0.133140844
 Based on the data above, the graph of the sequence of the partial sums,
S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20is plot as below.

Sn
0.134

0.132

0.13

0.128
Axis Title

0.126

0.124

0.122

0.12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Axis Title
 ( )
∞
1
Sn=∑
Based on the graph, the line 77 is approaching to 0.134 Hence, the series
n=1
n+
n
is convergent. The limit of the corresponding partial sum series does exist.
∞
Consider an infinite sequence { n 2+ n+1 }n=1and its corresponding infinite series
∞
{n 2+ n+1 }n=1 .
∞
n {n 2+ n+1 }n=1

1 3
2 7
3 13
4 21
5 31
6 43
7 57
8 73
9 91
10 111
11 133
12 157
13 183
14 211
15 241
16 273
17 307
18 343
19 381
20 421

From the table, when n become larger, the limiting value does not exist and
approaches to infinity. Hence, the sequence is divergent.
The sequence of the partial sums, S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20 is calculate as below

∞
n
Sn=∑ (n2 +n+1)
n=1

1 3
2 10
3 23
4 44
5 75
6 118
7 175
8 248
9 339
10 450
11 583
12 740
13 923
14 1134
15 1375
16 1648
17 1955
18 2298
19 2679
20 3100
 Based on the data above, the graph of the sequence of the partial sums,
S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20is plot as below.

Sn

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

n
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

∞
Based on the graph, the line ∑ (n +n+1) is approaching to infinity. Hence, the series
2

n =1
is divergent. The limit of the sequence does not exist.
 { }
∞
1
Consider an infinite sequence and its corresponding infinite series
n (n+1) n=1

{ }
∞
1
.
n (n+1) n=1

{ }
∞
n 1
n (n+1) n=1

1 0.5
2 0.166667
3 0.083333
4 0.05
5 0.033333
6 0.0238095
7 0..017857
8 0.013888
9 0.011111
10 0.00909
11 0.0075757
12 0.0064102
13 0.005494
14 0.0047619
15 0.001666
16 0.003676
17 0.0032679
18 0.0029239
19 0.0026315
20 0.00238095

From the table, when n become larger, we can saw that the sequence approaches to a
value. It’s mean that the limiting value exist. Hence, the limit of the sequence is 0.
The sequence of the partial sums, S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20 is calculate as below

( )
∞
n 1
Sn=∑
n=1 n(n+1)

1 0.5
2 0.666667
3 0.75
4 0.8
5 0.833333
6 0.857143
7 0.875
8 0.888888
9 0.899999
10 0.9090899
11 0.9166656
12 0.9230758
13 0.9285708
14 0.9333328
15 0.9374998
16 0.9411758
17 0.9444438
18 0.9473678
19 0.9499998
20 0.9523808
 Based on the data above, the graph of the sequence of the partial sums,
S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20is plot as below.

Sn

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

n
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

∞
1
Based on the graph, the line ∑ ( ) is approaching to 1. Hence, the series is
n =1 n ( n+1 )
convergent and it has a limiting value.
 { }
∞
1
Consider an infinite sequence 3+ and its corresponding infinite series.
n ( n+1 ) n=1

{ }
∞
n 1
3+
n ( n+1 ) n=1

1 3.5
2 3.166666
3 3.083333
4 3.05
5 3.033333
6 3.023809
7 3.0178571
8 3.013888
9 3.0111111
10 3.009090
11 3.007576
12 3.0064102
13 3.005494
14 3.0047619
15 3.0041666
16 3.003676
17 3.003267
18 3.002923
19 3.002631
20 3.002380

From the table, when n become larger, we can know that sequence approach to a
specific value. It means the limiting value exist. Hence,limiting of the sequence is3. .
The sequence of the partial sums, S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20 is calculate as below

( )
∞
n 1
Sn=∑ 3+
n=1 n ( n+1 )

1 3.5
2 6.666666
3 9.749999
4 12.799999
5 15.833332
6 18.857141
7 21.8749981
8 24.8888861
9 27.8999972
10 30.9090872
11 33.9166632
12 36.9230734
13 39.9285674
14 42.9333293
15 45.9374959
16 48.9411719
17 51.9444389
18 54.9473619
19 57.9499929
20 60.9523729
 Based on the data above, the graph of the sequence of the partial sums,
S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20is plot as below.

Sn

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

n
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
 { }
∞
1
Based on the graph, the line Sn= 3+ is increasing rapidly and
n ( n+1 ) n=1
approaching to infinity. Hence, the series is divergent. The limit of the sequence does not
exist.
 ∞ ∞
Consider an infinite sequence { e n }n=1and its corresponding infinite series{ e n }n=1

. n ∞
{e n }n=1

1 2.718281
2 7.389056
3 20.085536
4 54.59815003
5 148.413159
6 403.42879
7 1096.63381
8 2980.95798
9 8103.08392
10 22026.46579
11 59874.14172
12 162754.7914
13 442413.392
14 1202604.284
15 3269017.327
16 8886110.521
17 24154952.75
18 65659969.14
19 178423010
20 485165195.4

From the table, when n become larger, we can know that sequence increasing to
infinity. Hence, limit of the sequence does not exist .
The sequence of the partial sums, S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20 is calculate as below

∞
n
Sn=∑ ( en )
n=1

1 2.718281
2 10.107337
3 30.192873
4 84.79102303
5 233.204182
6 636.632972
7 1733.266782
8 4714.224762
9 12817.30868
10 34843.77447
11 94717.91619
12 257472.7076
13 699886.0996
14 1902490.384
15 5171507.711
16 14057618.23
17 38212570.98
18 103872540.1
19 282295550.1
20 767460745.4
 Based on the data above, the graph of the sequence of the partial sums,
S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20is plot as below.

Sn

900000000

800000000

700000000

600000000

500000000

400000000

300000000

200000000

100000000

n
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

∞
Based on the graph, the line Sn= { en }n =1 is increasing rapidly and approaching to
infinity. Hence, the series is divergent.
CONCLUSION
An infinite sequence that the convergence or divergence of an infinite series is
determined by examining how the terms behave as they extend infinitely. The principles
involve observing term patterns, applying known comparisons, examining rate of change, and
breaking down summing behaviours. This methodology can uncover whether a series leads to
a finite result (convergent) or expands indefinitely (divergent).
Based on the results, it is shown that when numbers of terms approaches to large
value, the limit of a corresponding infinite sequence is either a real number or does not exist.
By the limit of the sequence, we can conclude that the corresponding partial sum is divergent
or convergent series.
If the limit of an infinite sequence is zero, we can conclude that it’s corresponding
infinite series is convergent. This means that when we increase the number of terms to the
series, the sequence of the partial sum series will approaching a specific value. The graph of a
convergent series will show a horizontal line, indicating that it approaches a limiting value.
If the limit of an infinite sequence is non-zero, its corresponding series is convergent.
This means that, when the number of terms become larger, the graph of partial sum of series
shows a line that increasing rapidly and approaching to infinity. This indicate that the series is
divergent.
While if the limit of an infinite sequence does not exist, it’s meaning that it’s
corresponding infinite series is divergent. This means that when the number of terms become
larger, partial sum of series increasing and approaches to infinity. The graph shows that the
series is divergent.
METHODOLOGY
Investigating an infinite series typically involves analyse its convergence, summing
techniques, and related properties. Here's a structured methodology for investigating an
infinite series:
Start by clearly defining the form of the infinite series, which could be a sequence
∞

∑ u n where un is the general term of the series.

n =1

Then by explaining the concept of an infinite series: it's the sum of an endless
sequence of terms, one following another in a consistent pattern. Whether a series
"converges" or "diverges" depends on whether its sum approaches a specific value as more
terms are added (convergent) or grows indefinitely or fails to approach a single value
(divergent). The study of infinite series is crucial because it reveals whether adding an infinite
number of values will result in a finite or infinite result.

{ }
∞
1
Consider an infinite sequence 5+ and its corresponding infinite series
3n n=1

(5+ 31 ). So, the limit of the sequence, if exist being found. The sequence of the partial
∞

∑ n
n =1

sums, S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20 is calculated . After that, a table is constructed and a graph of the

sequence of the partial sums, S1 , S 2 , S3 , … , S 20 is plotted and described. Lastly, comment is

( )
∞
1
given on the convergence of the series∑ 5+ n based on the graph.
n =1 3

{ }
∞
1
Then, steps above are repeated for sequences p 7 , where p = 3, 5, and 7, next
n +
n n=1

{ } { }
∞ ∞
∞ 1 1 ∞
{n 2+ n+1 }n=1 , n (n+1) , 3+
( )
, and { e n }n=1. 4. Next, the report also written
n=1 n n+1 n=1
based on the observation of the relationship between the limit of the sequence and the
convergence of their corresponding infinite series.
REFFERENCE
1. STPM Text Mathematics (M) Term 1
2. https://www.scribd.com/document/396461206/STPM-MATHEMATICS-M-
Coursework-Kerja-Kursus-Semester-1
3. Meaning of convergent and divergent series -
https://germanna.edu/sites/default/files/2022-09/Converging%20and
%20Diverging%20Series.pdf
4. Chat GPT