UNIT – III LAPLACE TRANSFORM

SUBJECT NAME / CODE : MATHEMATICS –II \MAT21

YEAR/SEMESTER : I / II
DEPT & SEC : ECE/E & F SEC
STAFF INCHARGE : J.SHANTHALAKSHMI /MATHS

PART-A
1. State the conditions under which Laplace transform of f(t) exists.
(A/M 2009,A/M 10,A/M 11)
SOLUTION:
If f(t) is piecewise continuous function in [0, ) and is of exponential order then the
Laplace transformF(s) of f(t) exists for all s>a, where ‘a’ is a real number that depends on
f(t)
2.Write the function for which Laplace transform does not exist. Explain why Laplace
transform does not exist. (N/D 2007,N/D 2008,N/D 2008)
SOLUTION:
3 3
(i) L[et ] doesnot exist since et is not of any exponential order.
(ii) L[cot t ] doesnot exist since cot t is not piecewise continuous.
(iii) L[tan t ]doesnot exist since tan t is not piecewise continuous.
3.Give an example of a function such that it has Laplace transformation but it is not
continuous. (Jan 2009)
Solution:
The following example of a function has a Laplace Transform but it is not continuous.Since
it is discontinuous at  .
cos t , 0  t  
f (t) = 
 sin t , t
cos at
4.Does Laplace transform of exists? Justify (M/J 2005)
t
Solution:
Let f(t)=cosat
cos at 1 1
lim = = =
t →0 t 0 0
f (t) cos at
Since lim does not exists the Laplace transform of does not exist.
t →0 t t
5. Where will you use unilateral and bilateral Laplace transform
Solution:
Unilateral Laplace transform is a convenient tool for solving differential equations with
initial conditions.
Bilateral Laplace transform is a convenient tool for the system characteristics like
stability, causality and frequency response.
6. How Laplace technique is used in circuits?
Solution:
Laplace transform methods can be employed to study circuits in the s-domain. Laplace
techniques convert circuits with voltage and current signals that change with time to the s-
domain, so you can analyse the circuit's action using only algebraic techniques.

1
 7. How Laplace transform is used in control theory?
Solution :
We are using Laplace transform in control theory to transform convolution of two functions
into product of two functions
8. How Laplace transform is used in analysis of network?
Solution:
An electrical network is an Linear time invariant system if all the elements are linear time
in variant. A network consists of elements like resistors, capacitors and inductors. A
network can be modelled using fundamental laws. The model of the network can be
obtained by writing integral differential equations. Then the network can be analysed by
solving these equations using Laplace transform.
9. What are the applications of Laplace transform in real life?
Solution:
i) sending signals over any two-way communication medium
ii) study of control systems
iii)analysis of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning)
TRANSFORM OF ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS
10. Find L coshat  (A/M 2011)
Solution:
eat + e− at
we know that cosh at =
2
e + e 
at − at
L[cosh at] = L  
 2 
1
= L eat + e − at 
2
1
(
= L eat  + L e − at 
2
)
1 1 1  1 1
=  +  L[eat ] = , L[e − at ] =
2s−a s+a  s−a s+a
1s+a +s−a 
=  
2  s2 − a 2 
1  2s 
=  2 
2  s − a2 
s
L[cosh at] = 2 ,s  a
s − a2
 1 
11. Find the Laplace transform of L   (A/M -1996)
 t
SOLUTION:
1  −1 
L   = L t 2 
 t  
n + 1
w.k .t L t n  = n +1 (if n  −1)
s
1
 − 12   − 2 + 1  1
L t  =  here n = − 
 2
1
  − +1
s 2

2
 1

2=   1 
=   = 
 
1
2 s 2
s
1  
L  =
 t s
 1, t = 0
12. Find the Laplace transform of the function f (t) =  (N/D 2011)
 0, t  0
Solution:

L[f (t)] =  e − st f (t)dt
0
0 a
=  e − st (1)dt  f (x)dx = 0
0 a

L[f (t)] = 0
13. Find the unilateral Laplace transform of the signal x(t) = sin 0 t
Solution :
a
W.K.T L sin at  = 2
s + a2
here a = 0

L[sin  0 t] = 2 0 2
s + 0
LINEARITY PROPERTY AND PROBLEMS BASED ON LINEARITY
 1 − cos t 
14. Is the linearity property applicable to L  ? (N/D 2012)
 t 
Solution:
1 − cos t 
Given : L 
 t 
1   cos t 
= L −L by linearity property.
t  t 
1  1 1
L   does not exist. Since lim = = 
t t → t 0
1 − cos t 
Linearity property is not applicable to L 
 t 
15.Find L sin 2 2t  (N/D 2005)
SOLUTION:
1 − cos 4t  1
L sin 2 2t  = L 
 2  = 2 L 1 − cos 4t 
1
=  L (1) − L ( cos 4t )  Linear property
2
1 s
L[1] = , L[cos at] = 2
s s + a2
1 1 s 
L sin 2 2t  = − 2
2  s s + 16 


3
 16. Find L [(t+1)2]. (M/J 2007)
SOLUTION:
L ( t + 1)  = L t 2 + 2t + 1 (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2
 
n!
= L t 2  + 2 L t  + L 1 L t n  = n +1
s
2 2 1
= 3+ 2+
s s s
2 + 2s + s 3
L ( t + 1)  =
2
  s3

 c 
17.Find L a + bt +  (N/D 2009)
 t

Solutin:
 c   c 
L  a + bt +  = L(a) + L(bt) + L   Linearity property
 t  t
= aL(1) + bL(t) + cL ( t −1/2 )
1 n!
L[1] = , L  t n  = n +1
s s
 
 1   1    (1/ 2 )  (n + 1)  1 
= a   + b 2  + c L(t n ) = ,  = 
s s  
1
 s n +1 2
 s2 
 c  a b 
L  a + bt +  = s + s2 + c s
 t
18. Find L ( cos 4t sin 2t ) (N/D 2009)
Solution:
1
we know that cos A sin B = [sin(A + B) − sin(A − B)]
2
1
cos 4t sin 2t = [sin(4t + 2t) − sin(4t − 2t)]
2
1
= [sin(6t) − sin(2t)]
2
1
= [sin(6t) − sin(2t)]
2
1 
L ( cos 4t sin 2t ) = L  [sin(6t) − sin(2t)]
 2 
1 a
= [L(sin(6t)) − L(sin(2t)] L[sin at] = 2
2 s + a2
1 6 2 
 L ( cos 4t sin 2t ) =  2 − 2
2  s + 36 s + 4 
1 + 2t
19. Find the Laplace transform of f (t) = (N/D 2009)
t
Solution:

4
 1 + 2t
f (t) =
t
1 + 2t 
L[f (t)] = L  
 t 
 1 t 
= L  1/2 + 2 1/2 
t t 
(n + 1)
= L  t −1/2  + 2L  t1/2  L(t n ) =
s n +1
 1  1 
  − + 1   + 1
= 
2 
+2 
2 
1 1
 ( n + 1) = nn
− +1 +1
2 2
s s
1 1 1
    
2  2  2 1
= +2   = 
2
1 3
2 2
s s
 
= + 3
s
s2
 1 1 
=  + 
 s s s
 s +1 
L[f (t)] =   
s s 
20.Find the Laplace transform of the signal x(t) = e−3t u(t) + e−2t u(t)
Solution:
We know that
 0, t<0
u(t) = 
1, t  a, a  0


 x(t)e
− st
L[x(t)] = dt
t =0
 

e e
−3t − st −2t
= u(t)e dt + u(t)e − st dt
t =0 t =0
 

e e
− (s + 3)t − (s + 2)t
= dt + dt
t =0 t =0
 
 −1 − (s +3)t   −1 − (s + 2)t  1 1 (s + 2)(s + 3)
= e  + e  = + =
s + 3 0  s + 2  0 s + 3 s + 2 (s + 3)(s + 3)
2s + 5
L[x(t)] = 2
s + 5s + 6

21. List out any four properties of Laplace Transform used in signal analysis?
Solution:
Properties of Laplace Transform used in signal analysis
i) Linear property
(ii) Shifting property
(iii) Change of scale property
5
 (iv) Derivative property
FIRST AND SECOND SHIFTING THEOREMS ON LAPLACE TRANSFORM
AND PROBLEM BASED ON SHIFTING THOREMS
22. State and prove shifting theorem on Laplace transforms (N/D 09, M/J 2012,N/D 12)
Solution:
First Shifting Theorem
Statement:
(i) L[f (t)] = F(s), then L[e at f (t)] = F(s − a)
(ii) L[f (t)] = F(s), then L[e − at f (t)] = F(s + a)
Proof:

We know that, L[f(t)]=F(s)=  e− st f (t)dt
0

L eat f (t)  =  e − st e at f (t)dt
0
 
= e − (s − a )t
f (t)dt e
− st
f (t)dt =F(s)
0 0

L eat f (t)  = F(s − a)


L e f (t)  =  e − st e − at f (t)dt
− at

0
 
=  e − (s + a )t f (t)dt e
− st
f (t)dt =F(s)
0 0

L e − at f (t)  = F(s + a)

Second Shifting Theorem.
f (t − a), t  a
If L[f (t)] = F(s) and G(t) = 
0, ta
then L[G(t)] = e − as F(s)
proof:

L[G(t)]=  e −st G(t)dt
0
a 
=  e 0dt +  e −st f (t − a)dt
− st

0 a

=  e −st f (t − a)dt
a

Put t − a = u
dt = du
t →au→0
t →u→

=  e−s(u +a ) f (u)du
0


e
− sa − su
=e f (u)du If L[f (t)] = F(s) then L[e at f (t)] = F(s − a)
0

6
 
= e − sa  e − st f (t)dt Replace u by t since u is dummy variable
0

− sa
= e L[f (t)] L[f(t)]=  e − st f (t)dt
0
− as
L[G(t)] = e F(s)
23. Find L[e−3t sin t cos t] (N/D 2011)
Solution:
L[e−3t sin t cos t]
1
= L[e−3t (2)sin t cos t]
2
1
= L e−3t sin 2t  sin 2t = 2sin t cos t
2
1
= L sin 2t s→s +3 L[e − at f (t)] = F(s + a)
2
1 2  a
=  2 L[sin at] =
2  s + 22  s→s +3 s + a2
2

1 2 
=  2
2  (s + 3) + 2 
2

 1 
L[e−3t sin t cos t] =  2
 (s + 3) + 2 
2

24. Find the Laplace transform of L  e − at cos bt  (M/J 2009)

Solution:
L e − at cos bt  =  L  cos bt  s→s + a L[e − at f (t)] = F(s + a)
 s  s
= 2 L[cos at] =
 s + b  s→s + a s + a2
2 2

s+a
L e− at cos bt  =
(s + a) 2 + b 2
 0, t  2 / 3

25.Find the Laplace transform of f ( t ) =   2  (N/D 2011)
 cos  t − 3  , t  2 / 3
  
Solution:
By second shifting theorem.
f (t − a), t  a
If L[f(t)]=F(s) and G(t) = 
 0, t  a

Then
L[G(t)] = e− as L[f (t)]

0, t  2 / 3

Take G(t) =   2 
 cos  t − 3  , t  2 / 3
  

7
 2
here a = and f (t ) = cos t
3
−2
s
hence L[G (t )] = e 3
L[cos t ]
−2 s
s s
=e 3
L[cos at ] =
s +1
2
s + a2
2

−2 s
se 3
L[G(t )] = 2
s +1

26. Find the Laplace transform of e− t sin 2t (N/D 2014)

Solution:
f (t) = e − t sin 2t
L[f (t)] = L sin 2t s→s +1
 2  a
= 2  L[sin at] = 2
 s + 4  s→s +1 s + a2
 2 
= 
 (s + 1) + 4 
2

27. Find the Laplace transform of sin t cosh t . (M/J 2009)

Solution:
 e t + e − t   eat + e − at
L[cosh t.sin t] = L   sin t  cosh at =
 2   2
1 1
= L[e t sin t] + L[e − t sin t] ......(1) by linearity
2 2
1
Now L[sint] = 2
s +1
 1 
L[et sin t] =  2 
 s + 1 s→s−1
1
= ......(2) L[eat f (t)] = F(s − a)
(s− 1) + 1
2

 1 
Also, L[e − t sin t] =  2 
 s + 1  s→s +1
1
= .......(3) L[e − at f (t)] = F(s + a)
(s + 1) + 1
2

Substituting (2) and (3)in (1) We get

1 1 1 1
= + .
2 (s − 1) + 1 2 (s+ 1) 2 + 1
2

1 1 1 
L[cosh t.sin 2t] = +
2  (s − 1) + 1 (s+ 1) + 1 
 2 2

LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF DERIVATIVES

t
29. Find the Laplace transform of  t  (M/J 2013)
e 
8
Solution:
t
L t 
e 
L ( e− t ) = − 
d d 1  dn
= L  te − t  = − L[t n f (t)] = (−1) n F(s)
ds   ds  s + 1 
 ds n
1
=
(s + 1) 2

t 1
L t  =
 e  (s + 1)
2

30.Find the Laplace transform of f(t)= tcosht. (M/J 2014)

Solution:
L[f ( t )] = L[tcosht].
d dn
=− L[cosh t] L[t n f (t)] = ( −1) n F(s)
ds ds n
d  s  s
=−  2  L[cosh t] =
ds  s −1 s −1
2

 2 
 (s −1) − s(2s) 
=−
 ( s 2 − 1)2 
 
 2 
 s −1 − 2s 2 ) 
=−
 ( s 2 − 1)2 
 
 
−1 − s 2 
= −
 ( s 2 − 1)2 
 
 
1 + s2 
L[f ( t )] = 
 ( s 2 − 1)2 
 

31.Find the Laplace transform of t sin at . (A/M 2008)

[ This sum also can be asked asFind the Laplace transform of t sin 2t .(N/D 2010)]
Solution:
d dn
L[t sin at] = − L sin at  L[t n f (t)] = ( −1) n n F(s)
ds ds
d  a  a
=−  2 2
L[sin at] = 2
ds  s + a  s + a2
 −2as 
= − 2 2 2
 (s + a ) 
2as
L[t sin at] = 2
(s + a 2 ) 2
32.Find the Laplace transform of L  t cosat  (N/D 2009)
Solution:

9
 d dn
L  t cos at  = − L  cos at  L[t n f (t)] = ( −1) n n F(s)
ds ds
d  s  s
=−  2 2
L[cos at] = 2
ds  s + a  s + a2
 2   2 2 
 s + a 2 − 2s 2  a −s 
=− = −
 ( s2 + a 2 ) 
2
 ( s 2 + a 2 )2 
   
 2 2 
s −a 
L  t cos at  = 
 ( s 2 + a 2 )2 
 
33. How Laplace transform changes differentiation and integration in dynamical
systems?
Solution:
Laplace transform changes differentiation and integration as division and
multiplication respectively in dynamical systems.
LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF INTEGRALS.
 sin t 
34.Find L   (M/J 2014)
 t 
Solution:
 
 sin t  1 
L =  L[sin t]ds L  f (t)  =  L[f (t)]ds
 t  s t  s

1 a
= ds L[sin at] =
s
s +1
2
s + a2
2

 dx 1 x
=  tan −1 ( s )  x = tan −1  
s 2
+a 2
a a

= tan −1 (  ) − tan −1 ( s ) tan −1 (  ) =
2

= − tan −1 ( s )
2

= cot −1 s  − tan −1 (  ) = cot −1 ()
2
 sin at 
L  = cot −1 s 
 t 
 1 − e− t 
35.Find the Laplace transform of   .(N/D 2010,A/M 2011)
 t 
Solution:
 
1 
we know that L  f (t)  =  F(s)ds =  L[f (t)]ds
t  s s

1 − e t  
 =  L[1 − e ]ds
t
L
 t  s

n! 1
=  [L(1) − L(e t )]ds L  t n  = n +1
, L[e at ] =
s
s s−a

10
 
1 1 
=  − ds
s 
s s − 1
dx
=  log s − log(s − 1)s

 x
= log x

 s  a
= log log a − log b = log
 s − 1  s b

 
 s 
= log 
 s 1 − 1  
  
 s   s

 
 1   s 
= log  = log1 − log   log1 = 0, log 0 = 1,
  1
−  s −1 
  1 
 s   s
log  = 
s a b
= 0 − log − log   = log  
s −1 b a
1 − e t  s −1
L  = log
 t  s
1 − cos t
36.Find the Laplace transform of .(M/J 2009)
t
Solution:
 
1 − cos t  1 
L
 t  =  L(1 − cos t)ds L  f (t)  =  L[f (t)]ds
t  s
s

1 s
=   L(1) − L(cos t)  ds L[1] = , L[cos at] = 2
s
s s + a2

1 s  dx
=   − 2  ds  = log x
s 
s s + 1 x

 1 
= log s − log(s 2 + 1) 
 2 s

a
= log s − log (s 2 + 1)  log a − log b = log
 s b

 s 
= log 
 (s 2 + 1)  s

 
 1 
= log 
 1 
 1+ 2 
s s

11
  
 1 
= log1 − log   log1 = 0
 1 
 1 + s 2 
s
= 0 − log
s2 + 1

−1 −1
 s  a b
= log   log   = log  
 s +1 
2
b a
1 − cos t   s2 + 1 
L = log  
 t   s 
t 
37.Find L   e − t dt  (N/D 2009)
0 
SOLUTION:
t  1
we know that L   f ( t ) dt  = L  f ( t )
0  s
 t
 1
L   e−t dt  = L ( e−t )
1
L[e− at ] =
0  s s+a
1   1 
=  
 s   s + 1 
t  1
L   e−t dt  = 2
0  s +s
 t −t 
38.Find L   te dt  (M/J 2009)
0 
Solution:
t  t  1
L   te − t dt  L   f (t)dt  = L f (t) 
0  0  s
1
= L  te − t 
s
1 d  dn
=  − L e− t 
s  ds
( ) 
L[t n f (t)] = (−1)n
ds n
F(s)

1  d  1 
= −  
s  ds  s + 1  

1   −1  
= −  
s   s + 12  
  
t  1
L   te − t dt  =
 s(s + 1)
2
0
 sin at 
39.Find L  . (March 1996)
 t 
12
 SOLUTION:

 f (t) 
W.K.T by a property L  =  L[f (t)]ds
 t  s

 sin at 
L =  L[sin at]ds ( f (t) = sin at)
 t  s

a a
= ds L[sin at] =
s
a + s2
2
s + a2
2


1
= a ds
s
a + s2
2


1 t dx 1 x
= a  tan −1 
a a s x 2
+a 2
= tan −1  
a a
 s
=  tan −1  − tan −1 
 a
 s 
=  − tan −1  − tan  = cot 
2 a 2
 sin at   −1 s 
L =  cot 
 t   a


40. Evaluate  e − t cos t dt using Laplace transform. (A/M 2015)

0
Solution

We know that,  e − st f (t)dt = L  f (t) 
0


e
−t
cos tdt = L[cost]s =1
0

s
=
s +1 2

1
=
1+1

1
0 e cos tdt = 2
−t

41. Evaluate  te − t sin tdt using Laplace transform. (A/M 2015)

0
Solution

We know that,  e − t f (t)dt = L[f (t)]
0

13
 
 d 
e
−t
t sin tdt = L[tsint]s =1 =  − L(sin t) 
0  ds  s =1
  
 d  1    −2s  
= −  2  = −
 ds  s + 1   s =1   ( s 2 + 1)  
2

    s =1
 2s  2
= 2 2
= 2
 (s + 1)  s =1 2
1
=
2
TRANSFORM OF UNIT STEP FUNCTION
44. Find the Laplace transform of unit step function u(t-a)(A/M15,N/D09,M/J10)
Solution
Unit Step function is denoted by ua (t ) or u (t − a)
And defined as
0 when t  a
ua (t ) = 
1 t  a, a  0

L ua (t )  =  e − st ua (t )dt
0
a 
=  e ua (t )dt +  e − st ua (t )dt
− st

0 a
a 
=  e − st (0)dt +  e − st (1)dt
0 a

e  − st
= 0+ 
 −s  a
−1 − − as
= e − e  ( e − = 0 )
s 
−1 e− as
= 0 − e− as  =
s s
− as
e
L ua (t ) =
s

45.Find the Laplace transform of x(t) = (t) + u(t) .

Solution:
1, t = 0
(t) = 
0, t  0


 f (t)e
− st
L[f (t)] = dt
t =0
 0 

 (t)e  (t)e  (t)e

− st − st − st
= dt = dt + dt = 0 + 0 = 0
t =0 t =0 t =1

14
 L  (t)  = 0......(1)


 f (t)e
− st
L[f (t)] = dt
t =0


 f (t)e
− st
L[u(t)] = dt
t =0


 u(t)e
− st
= dt
t =0

 e − st  1
=  = .....(2)
 −s  0 s
(1) + (2) 
1
L  (t)  + L[u(t)] =
s
PROBLEMS BASED ON INITIAL AND FINAL VALUE THEOREM
67. Verify the initial value theorem for f (t) = ae− bt (M/J 2013)
Solution:
Initial value theorem is
lim f (t) = lim sF(s) − − − − − − − −− → (1)
t →0 s →

Given f (t) = ae− bt

 1  1
F(s) = L  f (t)  = L ae − bt  = aL[e − bt ] = a   L[e − at ] =
s+b s+a
a
F(s) =
s+b
LHSof (1) = lim f (t)
t →0

= limae− bt = ae0 = a(1)

t →0
LHSof (1) = a
RHS of (1) = lim sF(s)
s →

 a 
= lim  s 
s →
 s+b
 a 
= lim  s 
s →
 s(1 + b / s) 
 a  a
= lim   = =a
s → (1 + b / s
  1+ 0
RHS of equation (1) = a
LHS = RHS
Therefore initial value theorem is verified
68.Verify initial value theorem for f (t) = 1 + e− t (sin t + cos t) (N/D 09,M/J 12,N/D 12)
Solution:
Given that f ( t ) = 1 + e−t ( sin t + cos t )
L f ( t )  = L 1 + e − t sin t + e − t cos t 

15
 1 a
= L 1 + L e −t sin t  + L e −t cos t  L[1] = , L[sin at ] = 2
s s + a2
s
L[cos at ] = 2
s + a2
L−1[e − at f (t )] = F ( s + a)
1  1   s 
= + 2  + 2 
s  s + 1 s →s +1  s + 1 s →s +1
1
= +
1
+
( s + 1)
s ( s + 1) + 1 ( s + 1)2 + 1
2

1
= + 2
1
+ 2
( s + 1)
s s + 2s + 2 s + 2s + 2
1 s+2
F ( s) = + 2
s s + 2s + 2
initial value theorem,
lim f ( t ) = lim sF ( s )
t →0 s →

LHS = lim f ( t ) = lim 1 + e−t ( sin t + cos t ) 

t →0 t →0

= 1 + e [sin 0 + cos 0]
0
sin 0 = 0,cos 0 = 1
= 1 + 1(1)
=2
RHS = lim sF ( s ) = lim sL  f ( t )
s → s →

1 s+2 
= lim s  + 2
s →
 s s + 2 s + 2 
 2 
  1+ 
s 2 + 2s  s  1 
= lim 1 + 2  = lim 1 +    = 0 
s →
 s + 2 s + 2  s → 2
 1+ + 2
2

 s s 
= 1+1
=2
LHS=RHS
Hence initial value theorem is verified.

1
69.If L[f (t)] = ,find lim f (t) and lim f (t) . (JUNE 2011)
s(s + a 2 )
2 t →0 t →

Solution:
1
Given L[f (t)] = F(s) =
s(s + a 2 )
2

initial value theorem,

1 1
lim f (t) = lim sF ( s )  = lims = lim 2
t →0 s → s → s(s + a ) s→ (s + a 2 )
2 2

=0
Final value theorem,
1 1
lim f ( t ) = lim sF ( s )  = lims = lim 2
t → s →0 s →0 s(s + a ) s→0 (s + a 2 )
2 2

16
 1
=
a2
1
70. If L f ( t )  = , find lim f (t) and lim f (t) using initial and final value
s(s + 1) t→0 t →

theorems.(M/J 2010)
SOLUTION:
Initial value theorem,
 1  1
lim f (t ) = lim  sF ( s )  = lim  s  = lim
t →0 s → s →
 s( s + 1)  s → s + 1
=0
Final value theorem,
 1  1
lim f ( t ) = lim  sF ( s )  = lim  s  = lim
t → s →0 s →0
 s( s + 1)  s →0 s + 1
=1
71. Verify the final value theorem for f ( t ) = 1 − e− at (N/D 2009)
SOLUTION:
f ( t ) = 1 − e− at
F ( s ) = L[ f ( t )] = L (1 − e − at )
1 1
= L[1] − L[e − at ] L[1] = , L[e − at ] =
s s+a
1 1
= −
s s+a
Final value theorem Lt f ( t ) = Lt sF ( s )
t → s →0

L.H .S = Lt f ( t ) = Lt (1 − e − at
) = 1− e −
= 1− 0 = 1
t → t →

1 1   s 
R.H .S = Lt sF ( s ) = Lt s  −  = Lt 1 −  = 1− 0 = 1
s →0 s →0
 s s + a  s →0  s + a 
L.H .S = R.H .S
Hence final value theorem is verified .
72.Verify the final value theorem for f (t) = 3e− t (N/D 2011)
Solution:
Given f (t) = 3e− t
Final value theorem,
lim f (t) = limsF(s)
t → s →0

lim f (t) = lim3e− t = 3e− = 0 .....(1)

t → t →
F(s) = L[f (t)]
= L[3e− t ]
1
= 3L[e− t ] L[e− at ] =
s+a
 1 
F(s) = 3 
 s + 1 
 1 
lim sF(s) = lim 3s  =0 .......(2)
s →0 s →0
 s + 1 

17
 From (1) and (2) final value theorem verified.
73.State Final value theorem. (N/D 2014)
Solution:
Final value theorm
If L[f(t)]=F[s] then
lim f ( t ) = lim sF ( s ) 
t → s →0

s −1
74. Find x ( ) when x ( s ) =
s(s + 1)
Solution: Given :
s −1
X(S) =
s(s + 1)
By final value theorm
lim x ( t ) = lim sX ( s ) 
t → s →0

lim s(s − 1)
X() = lim x ( t ) = = −1
t → s → 0 s(s + 1)

PART –B
1(b). Find the Laplace transform of the periodic function defined on the interval
 1
 −1, 0  t  2
0  t  1 by f (t) =  and f (t + 1) = f (t) (M/J 2014)
 1, 1  t  1
 2
Solution:
 1
−1, 0  t  2
Given f (t) = 
 1, 1  t  1
 2
The function is periodicin theinterval (0,1) withe period 1
p
1
− ps 
L[f(t)]= e−st f (t)dt where p is period.
1− e 0
1
1
1 − e−s 0
= e−st f (t)dt

18
 1  − st 
1/2 1

−s   
− st
= e ( − 1)dt + e (1)dt 
1− e  0 1/2 
1  
1/2 1

−s  
= − e − st dt +  e −st dt 
1− e  0 1/2 
1   e −st   e −st  
1/2 1

=  −   +   
1 − e−s   −s 0  −s 1/2 
 
1  e − st   e −st  
1/2 1

=    −   
1 − e −s  s 0  s 1/2 
 
1  e − s/2
1  e −s
e −s/2  
=  − − − 
1 − e − s  s s  s s 
1  e −s/2 1 e −s e −s/2 
= − − +
1 − e −s  s s s s 
1  e − s/2 − 1 − e − s + e − s/2 
=
1 − e − s  s 

1  2e − e − 1 
− s/2 −s
=
1 − e − s  s 

−1 1 + e − s − 2e − s/2 
=
1 − e − s  s 

−1  (1 − e ) 
 − s/2 2

=
1 − e−s  s 
 
 (1 − e − s/2 )2 
−1  
=
1 − e − s/2  1 + e − s/2   s 
 
1 − e − s/2  es/4 
=−  s/4 
s 1 + e − s/2   e 
1  es/4 − e−s/4  e − e−
= −  s/4 −s/4  tanh  =
s e + e  e + e−
1 s
= − tanh  
s 4

2(c).Find the Laplace transform of t 2e−3t sin 2t . (M/J-2013)

SOLUTION:

19
 dn
L[t n f (t )] = (−1) n
F ( s ) = (−1) n F ( n ) ( s)
ds n
2
2 −3t 2 d
L[t e sin 2t ] = (−1) 2
L[e −3t sin 2t ]
ds
2
d
= 2 L[e −3t sin 2t ]
ds
d2
= 2 L[sin 2t ]s →( s +3)
ds
d  2 
2
a
= 2 2  L[sin at] = 2
ds  s + 4  s→(s +3) s + a2
d2  2 
=
ds  (s + 3) + 4 
2  2

d2  2 
= 2 2
ds  s + 6s + 9 + 4 
d2  2 
=
ds  s + 6s + 13 
2  2

d  2 (2s + 6) 
= − 2
ds  (s + 6s + 13) 2 
d  s+3 
= −4  2
ds  (s + 6s + 13) 
2

 (s + 3)[2(s 2 + 6s + 13) (2s + 6)] − (s 2 + 6s + 13) 2 

= 4 
 (s 2 + 6s + 13) 4 
 (s + 3)[2 (2s + 6)] − (s + 6s + 13) 
2
= 4 
 (s 2 + 6s + 13)3 
 4(s + 3) 2 − (s 2 + 6s + 13) 
= 4 
 (s 2 + 6s + 13)3 
 4[s + 6s + 9] − (s + 6s + 13) 
2 2
= 4 
 (s 2 + 6s + 13)3 
 4s 2 + 24s + 36 − s 2 − 6s − 13 
= 4 
 (s 2 + 6s + 13)3 
 3s + 18s + 23 
2
= 4 2 3 
 (s + 6s + 13) 
2 −3t 12s2 + 72s + 92
L[t e sin 2t] =
(s2 + 6s + 13)3

 te
−2t
3(c).Evaluate cos tdt using Laplace transform. (N/D- 2011,M/J 2012).
0
SOLUTION:

20
 
Consider  t e −2t cos t dt =  L[t cos t]s = 2
0

 d 
=  − L[cos t]
 ds  s=2

Now consider L[cos t ] =  e − st cos t dt
0

 e − st

= 2 ( − s cos t + sin t ) 
 s +1 0

 1 
= 0 − 2 ( − s + 0 ) 
 s +1 0
s
= 2
s +1
s
 L[cos t ] =
s +1
2


 d  s 
 te
−2t
Therefore cos tdt =  −  2  
0  ds  s + 1   s = 2
  (s 2 + 1) − s (2s)  
= −  
  (s + 1)
2 2
 s=2
  s 2 + 1 − 2s 2  
= −  2 2 
  (s + 1)   s = 2
  1 − s2  
= −  2 2 
  ( s + 1)   s = 2
 1− 4   −3 
= − 2 
= − 
 (4 + 1)   25 
3
=
25

3
0 te cos tdt = 25
−2t

 t sin 3tdt . (M/J-2009).

−4t
4(c).Find the Laplace transform of e
0
SOLUTION:
GIVEN:
 −4t t  t 
L e  t sin 3tdt  = L   t sin 3tdt  ( First shifting theorems )
 0  0  s →s + 4
1  t  1
=  L[t sin 3t ] L   f (t )dt  = L  f (t )
s  s →s + 4 0  s
 1  −d   −d 
=  L sin 3t     L[tf (t )] = L  f (t )  
 s  ds   s→s +4  ds 
21
  1  −d  3   
=   2  
 s  ds  s + 9    s →s + 4
  
 1  0 − 3(2s)  
= −
 s  ( s 2 + 9 )2  
    s →s + 4
  
1 6s  
= 
 s  ( s 2 + 9 )2  
    s →s + 4
 
6
= 
 ( ( s + 4) 2 + 9 )2 
 
6
=
(s + 8s + 16 + 9 )
2 2

 t
 6
 L e −4t  t sin 3tdt  =
 ( s 2 + 8s + 25 )
2
 0

 cosat − cosbt 
6(c) .Find L   ( A/M -2011, N/D- 2012).
 t 
SOLUTION:
GIVEN:

 f (t ) 
We know that L  =  L  f (t ) ds
 t  s
f (t ) = cos at − cos bt

 cos at − cos bt 
L 
 t  =  L  cos at − cos bt ds
s
 
s
=  L  cos at  ds −  L  cos bt ds L[cos at ] =
s s
s + a2
2

 s

s


=  2 ds − s s 2 + b2 
ds
s s +a
2

1 
 
2s 2s
=  2 ds −  ds 
2 s s +a 2
s
s +b 
2 2

1 
= log( s 2 + a 2 ) − log( s 2 + b 2 ) 
2 s


1   s 2 + a2 
= log  2 
2   s + b2  s

  a2    a2 
+ +
1   1   1 
1 1  s2 + a2 
= log  s2   = log1 − log  s2   =  − log  2 log1 = 0
2 
b2  s + b 
2
2   2  1+ b  2 
 1+ 2   
  s  s   s2 

22
 1   s 2 + b2 
= log  
2   s 2 + a2 

 te
−3t
7(b). Find the value of cos 2tdt (N/D 2014)(4)
0
Solution:

Consider  t e −3t cos t dt =  L[t cos 2t]s =3
0

 d 
=  − L[cos 2t]
 ds  s =3

Now consider L[cos 2t ] =  e − st cos 2t dt
0

 e − st 
2 (
= 2 − s cos 2t + sin 2 t ) 
s + 2 0

 1 
2 (
= 0 − 2 − s + 0 )
 s +2 0
s
= 2
s + 22
s
 L[cos t ] =
s + 22
2


 d  s 
 te
−2t
Therefore cos tdt =  −  2 2 
0  ds  s + 2   s =3
  (s 2 + 4) − s (2s)  
= −  
  (s + 4)
2 2
  s =3
  s 2 + 4 − 2s 2  
= −  2 2 
  (s + 4)   s =3
  4 − s2  
= −  2 2 
  (s + 4)   s =3
 4−9   −5 
= − 2 
= − 
 (9 + 4)   169 
5
=
169

5
0 te cos tdt = 169
−2t

 k , 0ta
7(c).Find the Laplace transform of f ( t ) =  , f ( t + 2a ) = f ( t ) .
 − k , a  t  2a
(A/M -10,N/D 10, A/M 08,N/D-08,A/M 2011)
SOLUTION:
Given f(t) is a periodic function with period 2a

23
 1  2 a − st 
L  f ( t ) = ( )
1 − e− s( 2 a )  0
 e f t dt 

1  − st 
a 2a
= −2 as  
e ( k ) dt +  e − st ( −k ) dt 
1− e 0 a 
k  a − st 2a

−2 as   
= e dt − e − st dt 
1− e 0 a 
k   e− st  a  e− st  2 a 
=   −  
1 − e−2 as   − s  0  − s  a 
k  −1   − st a − st 2 a 
=
1 − e −2 as  s   e  0 − e  a 
k  −1   − as 0
=  s  e − e − e
−2 as
− e − as  
1 − e −2 as
k  −1  − as
 s  e − 1 − e + e 
−2 as − as
=
1 − e −2 as
−k
=  −e −2 as + 2e − as − 1
s (1 − e )−2 as 

k
= 1 − 2e− as + e−2 as 
(
s 1− (e ))
− as 2

k 2
= 1 − e − as 
s (1 + e − as )(1 − e − as )
k
= 1 − e − as 
s (1 + e )
− as 

k 1 − e − as 
=
s 1 + e− as 
 as − as

k e 2 − e 2 
=  as 
 − as

s e 2 − e 2 
 
k  sa 
L  f ( t )  = tanh  
s  2 

8(c).Find the Laplace transform of te− t cos t (A/M -2010).

Solution:

d d
L te−t cos t  = − L e−t cos t  L tf ( t ) = − L  f ( t )
ds ds

24
 d
=−  L ( cos t )  s → s +1
ds 
d  s 
=−  2 
ds  s + 1 s→s +1
d  s +1 
=−  
ds  ( s + 1)2 + 1
 

 (
= −
( ) )
 s + 1 2 + 1 − s + 1 .2 s + 1 
( ) ( )
2 
 ( + ) 
2
 s 1 + 1 
 
 2 
 ( s + 1) + 1 − 2 ( s + 1) 
2

= − 2 
 ( s + 1)2 + 1 
 

 
 1 − ( s + 1) 
2

= − 2 
 ( s + 1) + 1 
2

 
( s + 1) − 1 
2

L te cos t  = 
−t
2
 ( s + 1) + 1 
2

 e−3t sin 2t 
10(c).Find L   (N/D-2007)
 t 
Solution:
Let f (t) = e−3t sin 2t
 F(s) = L  f (t)  = L e −3t sin 2t 
=  L(sin 2t)s→s+3
2
=
(s + 3) 2 + 4
 e−3t sin 2t   2  f (t) 

L  = ds L =  L[f(t)]ds
 s (s + 3) + 4  t  s
2
 t

1  s + 3 
= 2  tan −1  
2  2 s
s+3
= tan −1 () − tan −1  
 2 
π s+3
= − tan −1  
2  2 
 e−3t sin 2t  −1  s + 3 
L   = cot  
 t   2 

25
11(c).Find the Laplace transform of coshatcosat. (N/D-2008).
Solution:
eat + e− at
cosh at =
2
L  cosh at cos at  = L ( e + e − at ) cos at 
1  at
2
=  L ( eat cos at )  +  L ( e − at cos at ) 
1 1
2 2
1 1
=  L ( cos at )  s→s −a +  L ( cos at )  s→s +a
2 2
1 s  1 s 
=  2 +  2
2  s + a  s→s −a 2  s + a 2  s→s +a
2

1 s−a s+a 
=  + 
2  ( s − a )2 + a 2 ( s + a )2 + a 2 
1 s−a s+a 
= + 2

2  s + 2a − 2as s + 2a + 2as 
2 2 2

1  ( s − a ) ( s + 2a + 2as ) + ( s + a ) ( s + 2a − 2as ) 
2 2 2 2

=  
2
 ( s 2
+ 2a 2
− 2as )( s 2
+ 2a 2
+ 2as ) 
 
1 2s3 
=
2  ( s 2 + 2a 2 )2 − 4a 2s 2 
 
1 2s3 
=  4 2 2
2  s + 4a + 4s a − 4a s 
4 2 2

s3
L  cosh at cos at  = 4
s + 4a 4

eat − e − bt
13(c)Find the Laplace transform of (M/J 2012)
t
Solution:
 eat − e − bt 
L 
 t 

=   L[e at ] − L[e − bt ]ds
s

 1 1  dx
=  − ds  = log x
s 
s − a s + b  x
=  log(s − a) − log(s + b) s


26
 
  s − a 
= log  
  s + b s
 s−a 
= 0 − log  
s+b
 eat − e− bt  s+b
L  = log  
 t   s−a 

d
14(c).Show that L  tf ( t )  = − F ( S ) , where L f ( t )  = F ( S ) (A/M -2000).
ds
SOLUTION:

L[ f (t )] = F ( s) =  e− st f (t ) dt
0
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. ‘s’, we get
d  − st 

d
 F ( s) =   e f (t )dt 
ds ds  0 

 − st
= (e ) f (t ) dt
0
s

=  (−te− st ) f (t ) dt
0

=  e− st  −t. f (t )dt
0

= L  −t f (t )

d
 L  t f ( t ) = −  F ( s )
ds

15(c).Find the Laplace transform of the rectangular wave given by

 1 , 0tb
f (t) =  , f ( t + 2b ) = f ( t ) (N / D 2009)
 − 1 , b  t  2b
Solution:
p
1
1 − e− ps 0
L[f(t)]= e−st f (t)dt where p =2b

1  2b − st 
( )
1 − e− s( 2b)  0
=  e f t dt 

1  − st
b 2b

  e dt +  e ( −1) dt 
− st
=
1 − e −2bs 0 b 
1  b − st 2b

=  e dt −  e − st dt 
1 − e −2bs 0 b 

27
 1   e− st  b  e− st  2b 
=   +  
1 − e−2bs   − s  0  s  b 
1
=  − e−bs − 1 + e−2bs − e− sb  
−2 bs  
s(1 − e )   
1 e − e−
= −e−bs + 1 + (e−bs )2 − e−bs 
−2bs 
tanh  = 
s(1 − e ) e +e−
1 2
= − bs
1 − e − bs 
− bs 
s (1 − e )(1 + e )
1  1 − e − bs 
=  
s  1 + e − bs 
 bs2 − bs

1 e − e 2 
=  bs 
 − bs

s e 2 + e 2 
 
1  bs 
L  f ( t )  = tanh  
s  2

16(c).Find the Laplace transform of square wave function of period a defined as

 a
 1 , 0  t  2
f (t) =  (N/D 2011)
 −1 , a  t  a
 2
Solution:
We Know if f(t) is a periodic function with period p then
p
1
L f (t) =
1 − e− ps 0
e−st f (t)dt here p = a
a
1
1 − e − as 0
= e − st f (t)dt

1  −st 
a/ 2 a

1 − e− as  0 
− st
=  e f (t)dt + e f (t)dt 
a/ 2 
1  −st 
a/2 a

− as   
= e (1 )dt + e−st (−1)dt 
1−e  0 a/2 
1  −st 
a/2 a

− as  
= e dt −  e−st dt 
1−e  0 a/2 
1   e−st   e−st  
a / 2 a

=  −  −s  
1 − e− as   −s  0  a/2 

=
1
s(1 − e− as ) 
(  − e − st a / 2

0 +  )
− st a
  a / 2
e

( −e− as/ 2 + 1) + ( e− as − e− as/ 2 )

1
=
s(1 − e− as )  

28
 −e− as/ 2 + 1 + e− as − e− as/ 2
=
s(1 − e− as )
1 − 2e− as/ 2 + e− as
=
s(1 − e− as )

=
(1 − e )− as/ 2 2

s(1 − e − as )

=
(1 − e ) − as/ 2 2

s (1 − e )(1 + e
− as/ 2 − as/ 2
)
1 (1 − e )
− as/ 2

=
s (1 + e )
− as/ 2

1  eas/ 4 − e− as/ 4 
=  as/ 4 − as/ 4  ( Multiply both numerator and deno min ator by eas/ 4 )
se +e 
1  as 
L  f (t)  = tanh  
s 4

17(c).Find the Laplace transform of te−2t co3t (M/J 2009)

Solution:
L[te −2t cos 3t ]
d
=−  L(e−2t cos 3t) 
ds
=−
d
ds
  L(cos 3t)s→(s+2) 
d   s  
= −  2 2  
ds   s + 3  s→(s + 2) 

d  s+2 
=−  
ds  ( s + 2 )2 + 32 
  s + 2 2 + 32  − (s + 2)(2)(s + 2) 
 ( ) 
= − 
2 
 ( s + 2 ) + 32 
2

 
 2 
 s + 2s + 4 + 9 − 2[(s + 2) ] 
2
= − 2 
 ( + ) + 2
2
 
s 2 3
 
 2 
 s + 2s + 4 + 9 − 2s − 8 − 8s 
2
= − 2 
 ( s + 2 )2 + 32  
.   .
 
 −s − 6s + 5 
2
= − 2
 ( s + 2 ) + 3  
2 2

29
 s 2 + 6s − 5
L[te−2t cos 3t ] = 2
( s + 2 )2 + 32 
 

18(a).Find the Laplace transform of a square wave function given by

 a
 E , 0  t  2
f (t) =  , f (t + a) = f (t ) . (N/D 2011)
 −E , a  t  a
 2
Solution:
Given f(t) is a periodic function with period ‘a’
p
1
L  f (t)  =
1 − e − ps 0
e − st f (t)dt where p=a

a
1
− as 
= e − st f (t)dt
1− e 0
1  −st 
a/2 a

− as  
= e (E)dt +  e−st (−E)dt 
1− e  0 a/2 
E   e − st   e − st  
a /2 a

=  −  −s  
1 − e − as   −s  0   a /2 

E  e − as/2 1   e − as e − as/2  
=  + + − 
1 − e − as  −s s  s s 
E  e − as/2 1 e − as e − as/2 
= − s + s + s − s 
1 − e − as  
E 1 − 2e − as/2
+e 
− as
=  
1 − e − as  s 
E 1 − 2e − as/2 + e − as/2 e − as/2 
=
1 − e − as  s 

 + ( e− as/2 ) 
− as/2 2
E 1 − 2e 
=
1 − e− as  s 
 
2
E 1 − e − as/2 
=
1 − ( e − as/2 )
2
s
2
E 1 − e − as/2 
=
(1 + e − as/2
)(1 − e − as/2
)s
E 1 − e− as/2 
=
(1 + e ) s
− as/2

E e − e 
as/4 − as/4
e − e−
= tanh  =  −
s ( eas/4 + e− as/4 ) e +e

30
 E  as 
= tanh  
s 4

E  as 
L  f (t)  = tanh  
s 4

t
sin t

−t
18(b). Find the Laplace transform of e dt (A/M 2008)
0
t
Solution:
 t sin t  1  sin t 
L  dt  = L  
0 t  s  t 

 sin t 
But L   =  L(sin t)ds
 t  s

1
= ds
s
s +1
2


=  tan −1 s 
s

 
= − tan −1 s − tan −1 x = cot −1 x
2 2
= cot −1 s
 t sin t  1 −1
L  dt  = cot (s + 1)
0 t  s
 t − t sin t  1
L  e dt  = cot −1 (s + 1)
0 t  s +1
 t sin t   1 −1 
Hence L  e − t  dt  =  cot s 
 0 t  s s→s +1
cot −1 (s + 1)
=
s +1

19(b).Find the Laplace transform of the of the Half wave rectifier

sin t ,0  t   / 
f (t) =  and f ( t + 2 / ) = f ( t ) for all t.
0 ,  /   t  2 / 
(N/D-06&12, M/J-2009, M/J 2014)
SOLUTION:
sin t 0  t   / 
Given f ( t ) = 
0  /   t  2 / 
The Laplace transformation of a periodic function f(t) with period p is given by
2
p
1
− ps 
L[f (t)] = e−st f (t) dt this function is a periodic function with the period p =
1− e 0 

31
 2

1
e
− st
= 2
f (t) dt
− s
1− e  0



1 eat
= 2  e sin t dt + 0;
− st
 e sin bt dt =
at
a sin bt − b cos bt 
− s a 2 + b2
1− e  0

1  e−st 
= 2  s 2 + 2 ( −s sin t −  cos t ) 
1− e
−

s
 0
 − s 
1  e  1 
2 (
= 2  2
0 − (−1) ) −  2 2 (
0 − )  ; w.k.t sin  = 0, cos  = −1
− s s + s +  
1− e 
 
 − s 
1  e  1 
2 (
= 0 − (−1) ) −  2 2 (
0 − ) 
− s s +  
2 2
 s + 
1 − e   

 − s 
1  e  1 
2 ( ) 2 (
=  − 2 −) 
− s s +  
2
s + 
2
1− e 
 
 − s 
1  e   
2 ( )
=  + 2 2 
− s s +   s +  
2 2
1− e 
 
 − s

1  e  + 
=
− s  s +
2 2 2 
1 − e   
 − s 
  e + 1
=
    s 2 + 2 
2
− s 
1 − e     
 − s 
  e + 1
=
    s 2 + 2 
2
− s 
1 − e    
2 
 − s 
  e + 1
=
 −  s  
       2
− s   s + 
2 

1 + e   
1 − e   
 
  
  
  1 
L[f (t)] =  2 2
 − s    s +  
 
1 − e   

 
 
19(c).Find the Laplace transform of te− t sin 3t (M/J 2009,A/M 15)
Solution:

32
 L[te − t sin 3t ]
d
= −  L(e− t sin 3t) 
ds
=−
d
ds
  L(sin 3t)s→(s+1) 
d   3  
= −  2 2  
ds   s + 3  s→(s +1) 

d  3 
=−  
ds  ( s + 1)2 + 32 
 
 −3 2(s + 1) 
= − 2
 ( s + 1) + 3  
2 2

6(s + 1)
L[te −4t sin 3t ] = 2
( s + 1)2 + 32 
 

20(b).Find L  sin 2 t cos 3 t  (N/D -2009, M/J-2008)

Solution:
1 − cos 2t cos 3t − 3cos t
WKT sin 2 t = & cos3 t =
2 4
 1 − cos 2t  cos 3 t − 3cos t 
sin 2 t cos3 t =   
 2  4 
1
= [cos 3t + 3cos t − cos 2t cos 3t − 3cos t cos 2t ]
8
1 1 3
= [cos 3t + 3cos t − (cos 5t + cos t ) − (cos 3t + cos t )]
8 2 2
1 1 1 3 3 
= cos 3t + 3cos t − cos 5t − cos t − cos 3t − cos t 
8 2 2 2 2 
2 cos a cos b = cos(a + b) + cos(a − b)
1 1 1
= [− cos 3t − cos 5t + cos t ]
8 2 2
1
= [2 cos t − cos 3t − cos 5t ]
16
1
L sin 2 t cos3 t  = L[2 cos t − cos 3t − cos 5t ]
16
1 s
= [2 L(cos t ) − L(cos 3t ) − L(cos 5t )] L(cos at ) = 2
16 s + a2

1 2s s s
L sin 2 t cos3 t  = [ 2 − 2 − 2 ]
16 s + 1 s + 9 s + 25

20(c).Find the Laplace transform of a Triangular wave function

33
  t , 0ta
f (t) =  , f ( t + 2a ) = f ( t )
 2a − t , a  t  2a
(M/J -06,M/J 09 ,M/J 10,A/M 2011, N/D 09,M/J 2012)
Solution:
 t , 0t a
Given f ( t ) =  , f ( t + 2a ) = f ( t )
 2 a − t , a  t  2a
This function is periodic with period 2a
p
1
− ps 
L[f(t)]= e−st f (t)dt where p is period.
1− e 0
2a
1
e
− st
= f (t )dt
1 − e−2 as 0

1  − st 
a 2a

−2 as  
= e t dt +  e − st (2a − t ) dt 
1− e 0 a 
 udv = uv − uv 1 + u v2 − ......

1    e − st  a
 e − st     e − st   e − st   
2a

=  t   − (1)  2   +  (2a − t )   − (−1)  2   

1 − e −2 as   −s   s 0   −s   s   a 

1   e− st e− st  a  e− st e− st  
2a

=   −t − 2  +  −(2a − t ) + 2  
1 − e−2 as   s s 0  s s a 

1   e− as e− as   1    e−2 as   e− as e− as   
=   − a − 2  −  − 2   +  2  −  − a + 2  
1 − e−2 as   s s   s    s   s s   
1  ae− as e− as 1 e−2as ae− as e− as 
= − − 2 + 2+ 2 + − 2 
1 − e−2 as  s s s s s s 
1 1 + e−2 as − 2e− as 
=  
1 − e−2 as  s2 
− as 2
[1 − e ]
= 2 (a − b)2 = a 2 − 2ab − b2
s (1 − e− as )(1 + e− as )
&(a 2 − b2 ) = (a + b)(a − b)
1 − e− as 1  as  e x − e− x
= − as
= 2 tanh   tanh x =
s (1 + e ) s
2
 2 e x + e− x

1  as 
 L( f (t )) = tanh  
 2
2
s

sin 2 t
21(c) Find the Laplace transform of f (t) = (N/D 2014)
t
Solution:
 sin 2 t  1 − cos 2t 
L  = L
 t   2t 

34
  
1 1 s  1  ds  1  2sds 
=  −
2 s  s s + 4 
2
ds =
2 s  s  2  s 2 + 4 
− 

 
1 
= log s − log ( s 2 + 4 ) 
1 ds
2 2 s

s
s
= log s

1 s 
= log 2 
2 s + 4 s


 
1  s  1 s 
= log   = 0 − log 
2  4  2 s +4
2

 s 1 + s 2 
s

 sin 2 t  1  s2 + 4 
L  = log  
 t  2  s 

PART-C
1. write the formula forL[1]
solution:
1
L[1] =
s
2. write the formula for L[t n ]
solution:
n!
L[t n ] = n +1
s
3. write the formula for L[eat ]and L[e−at ]
solution:
1
L[eat ] =
s−a
1
and L[e − at ] =
s+a

4. write the formula for L[sin at]

solution:
a
L[sin at] = 2
s + a2
5. write the formula for L[cos at]
solution:
s
L[cos at] = 2
s + a2

6. write the formula for L[sinh at]

solution:

35
 a
L[sinh at] =
s − a22

7. write the formula for L[cosh at]

solution:
s
L[cosh at] = 2
s − a2
8. write the formula for L[y' (t)]
solution:
L[y' (t)] = sL[y(t)] − y(0)

9. write the formula for L[y ''(t)]

solution:
L[y'' (t)] = s2 L[y(t)] − sy(0) − y' (0)
10. write the formula for L[y '''(t)]
solution:
L[y''' (t)] = s3L[y(t)] − s 2 y(0) − sy' (0) − y'' (0)

11. write the formula for Laplace transform of a periodic function.

solution:
p
1
1 − e−sp 0
L[f (t)] = e−st f (t)dt

12. Write the formula for initial value theorem

solution:
lim f (t) = lim sF(s)
t →0 s →

13. Write the formula for final value theorem

solution:
lim f (t) = lim sF(s)
t → s →0

36