Maths I A Question bank

Functions 2 Marks
1 1
1. If f : R – {0} → R is defined by f(x) = x3 - 3
then show that f ( x) + =0
x f ( x)

1− x2
2. If f : R →R is defined by f(x) = then show that f(tan ) = cos 2
1+ x2
1+ x  2x 
3. If f: R – {  1 } →R is defined by f(x) = log , then show that f   = 2 f ( x)
1− x 1+ x
2

4. If A = { - 2, - 1, 0, 1, 2 } and f : A → B is a surjection defined by f(x) = x2 + x + 1, then find B

    
5. If A = 0, , , ,  and f : A → B is a surjection defined by f(x)=cosx then find B
 6 4 3 2
x2 − x +1
6. If A = { 1, 2, 3, 4 } and f : A → R is a function defined by f ( x) = then find the
x +1
range of f

7. If f :Q→Q is defined by f(x) = 5x + 4 for all x Q, show that f is a bijection and find f -1.

8. If f = {(4, 5), (5, 6), (6, - 4)} and g = {(4, - 4), (6, 5), (8, 5)] then find
(i) f + g (ii) f – g (iii) 2f + 4g (iv) f + 4 (v) fg (vi) f/g (vii) | f |

(viii) f (ix) f 2 (x) f 3 .

9. If f(x) = x2 and g(x) = | x| , find the following functions

(i) f + g (ii) f – g (iii) fg (iv) 2f (v) f 2 (vi) f + 3

10. If f and g are real valued functions defined by f(x) = 2x – 1 and g(x) = x2 then find (i) 3f –

 f 
2g) (x) (ii) (fg) (x) (iii)  (x) (iv) (f + g + 2) (x)
 g 
 

11. If f = ( (1, 2), (2, - 3) (3, -1) } then find (i) 2f (ii) 2 + f (iii) f2 (iv) f
12. If f : R →R, g : R →R are defined by f(x) = 3x – 1, g(x) = x2 + 1, then find (i)
f o f (x2 + 1) (ii) f o g (2) (iii) g o f (2a – 3)
1
13. If f(x) = , g(x) = x  x  (0,  ) , then find g o f(x)
x
14. If f(x) = 2, g(x) = x2, h(x) = 2x  x  R then find (f o (g o h)) (x)
x +1
15. If f(x) = 2x – 1 , g(x) =  x  R, find (g o f) (x)
2
x +1
16. If f(x) = then find (f o f o f) x and (f o f o f o f) x
x −1
3 x + 3− x
17. If the function f : R →R defined by f(x) = then show that
2
f(x + y) + f(x – y) = 2 f(x) f(y)

1 1 1   x 
18. If f(x) = cos (log x) then show that f   f   −  f   + f (xy) = 0
 x  y 2  y 
cos 2 x + sin 4 x
19. If f(x) = x  R then show that f(2012) = 1
sin 2 x + cos 4 x
 x x
20. Prove that the real valued function f(x) = + + 1 is an even function on R – {0}
e −1 2
x

21. Find the inverse of the following functions

a. a, b  R, f : R →R defined by f(x) = ax + b (a  0)
b. f : R → (0, ) defined by f(x) = 5x.
c. f : (0, ) → R defined by f(x) = log2 x
22. If f : R →R , g : R →R defined by f(x) = 3x – 2, g(x) = x2 + 1, then find
(i) (g o f-1) (2) (ii) (g o f) (x – 1)
23. Find the domains of the following real valued functions
1 1
(i) f(x) = (ii) f(x) = 4 x − x 2 (iii) f(x) = x 2 − 25 (iv) f(x) =
( x − 1)( x + 3)
2
log( 2 − x)

1 1
(v)f(x)= log (x2 – 4x+3) (vi) f(x) = (vii) f(x) = x2 −1 + (viii)
6x − x 2 − 5 x 2 − 3x + 2
1 1 3+ x + 3− x
f(x) = (ix)f(x) = x+2+ (x)f(x) =
| x | −x log 10 (1 − x) x

24. Find the domain of definition of the function y(x), given by the equation 2 x + 2y = 2

25. Find the ranges of the following real valued functions

x2 − 4
(i)log | 4 – x2 | (ii) (iii) 9 + x2
x−2

26. Find the domains and the ranges of the following real valued functions
x x
(i) f(x) = (ii) f(x) = | x | + | 1 + x | (iii ) f(x) = (iii) f(x) = 9 − x2
2 − 3x 1+ x2

7 Marks

27. If f : A → B, g : B → C are two bijective functions then prove that the function gof is also
a bijection
28. If f : A → B is a function and IA and IB are identity functions on A and B respectively, then
prove that foIA = f = IBof
29. If f : A → B is a bijection, then prove that f-1 o f = IA and f o f-1 = IB
30. If f : A → B and g : B → C are two bijective functions, then prove that ( g o f )-1 = f-1 o g-1
31. If f : A → B and g : B → A are two functions such that g o f = IA and
f o g = IB then prove that g = f-1
32. If f : A → B , g : B → C , h : C → D are three functions then prove that ho(gof) = (hog)of

33. If the function f is defined by

x + 2 , x 1

f(x) =  2 , − 1  x  1 , then find the values of
 x − 1 , − 3  x  −1

(i) f(3) (ii) f(0) (iii) f(- 1.5) (iv) f(2) + f(-2) (v) f(-5)

3x − 2, x3
 2
34. If the function f is defined by f(x) =  x − 2, − 2  x  2 then find the values, if exist, of
 2 x + 1, x  −3

f(4), f(2.5), f(- 2), f(- 4), f(0), f(- 7)
 35. If f : R →R , g : R →R are defined by f(x) = 4x – 1 and g(x) = x2 + 2 then find (i) (g o f)
a +1
(x) (ii) (g o f) ( ) (iii) (f o f) (x) (iv) go(f o f) (0)
4
36. If A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {, , }, C = {p, q, r} and f : A → B, g : B → C are defined by f = {(1, )
(2, ) (3, )}, g = {(, q) (, r) (, p)} then show that f and g are bijective functions and (g o
f)-1 = f-1 o g-1.

37. Let A = {1, 2, 3} , B = {a, b, c}, C = {p, q, r}. If f : A → B, g : B → C are defined by f

= {(1, a), (2, c), (3, b)}, g = {(a, q), (b, r), (c, p)} then show that f -1 o g-1 = (g o f)-1 .
38. Let f = {(1, a), (2, c), (4, d), (3, b)} and g-1 = {(2, a), (4, b), (1, c), (3, d)}, then show that (g
o f)-1 = f-1 o g-1
39. Find the domains of the following real valued functions
1
(i) f(x) = x − [x] (ii)f(x) = (a>0)
x2 − a2
40. Define the following functions and write an example for each
(i) one-one (injection) (ii) onto (surjection) (iii) Even and odd (iv) Bijection

41. If f : N→N is defined by f(x) = 2x+3, Is ‘f’ onto? Explain with reason.

2x + 1
42. If f : R→R is defined by f(x) = , then this function is injection or not?. Justify.
3
43. If the function f : { - 1, 1 } → { 0, 2 } defined by f(x) = ax + b is a surjection then find
a and b
n
44. If f : R → R is defined as f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)  x, y  R and f(1) = 7 , find  f (r )
r =1

Mathematical Induction
Using the principle of Mathematical Induction prove the following for n N.

n(n + 1)( 2n + 1)
1. 12 + 22 + 32 + …………………+ n2 =
6
n(n 2 + 6n + 11)
2. 2 .3 + 3 .4 + 4 .5 + ……………upto n terms =
3
n(n + 1)( n + 2)( n + 3)
3. 1 .2 .3 + 2 .3 .4 + 3 .4 .5 + ……………upto n terms =
4
1 1 1 1 n
4. + + + .................... + =
1.3 3.5 5.7 (2n − 1)( 2n + 1) 2n + 1
1 1 1 n
5. Show that + + + ……………upto n terms = for all n N
1.4 4.7 7.10 3n + 1
6. Use mathematical induction to prove the formula
2 + 3 .2 + 4 .2 2 + …………upto n terms = n . 2 n for all values of n N
n
7. a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ………upto n terms = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
a(r n − 1)
8. a + ar + ar2+……………….upto n terms = (r  1)
(r − 1)

n(n + 1) 2 (n + 2)
9. 1 + (1 + 2 ) + (1 + 2 + 3 ) + ……..upto n terms
2 2 2 2 2 2
=
12
 13 13 + 2 3 13 + 2 3 + 33
10.
1
+
1+ 3
+
1+ 3 + 5
+ ……….upto n terms =
n
24

2n 2 + 9n + 13 
11. 4 n – 3n – 1 is divisible by 9
12. 3 .5 2n +1 + 2 3n + 1 is divisible by 17.
13. Use mathematical induction to prove that 2.4(2n + 1) + 3(3n + 1) is divisible by 11,  n N
14. If x and y are natural numbers and x  y, using mathematical induction, show that
xn – y n
is divisible by (x – y) for all n N.

m
15. Using mathematical induction, show that x + y m is divisible by x + y, if m is an odd natural
number and x, y are natural numbers.
16. Show that 49 n + 16n – 1 is divisible by 64 for all positive integers n .
17. Use mathematical induction to prove that
 3   5  7   2n + 1 
1 +  1 + 1 + ..............1 +  = (n + 1)
2

 1   4  9   n 
2

18. Use mathematical induction to prove the formula

n
n(2n − 1)( 2n + 1)
 (2k − 1)
k =1
2
=
3
for all n  N

19. 4 3 + 8 3 + 12 3 + ………………..upto n terms = 16n2 (n+1)2

Matrices
2 Marks

0 1 2  − 1 2 3 
 
1. If A = 2 3 4 and B =
 0 1 0  , find B – A and 4A – 5B
   
4 5 − 6  0 0 − 1

1 2 3 3 2 1
2. If A =   and B = 1 2 3 , find 3B – 2A
3 2 1  

1 2 3 8 
3. If A =  , B= 7 2 and 2X + A = B then find X
3 4  

i 0 1

4. Find the additive inverse of A, where A = 0 − i 2

 
− 1 1 5

 x − 3 2 y − 8  5 2 
5. If  =

6  − 2 a − 4
then find the values of x, y, z and a
z + 2

 1
 1 2 − 
2
6. Find the trace of A if A =  0 −1 2 
 1 
− 2 1 
 2 

 i 0
7. Find A2 , where A =  
0 i 

 2 4 2
8. If A =   and A = O , then find the value of k.
 − 1 k 
 − 2 1 
  − 2 3 1 
 then find 2A + B and 3B – A
T T
9. If A = 5 0 and B = 
 
 − 1 4  4 0 2 

2 3
 1 − 2 3 4 5 , do AB and BA exist ? If they exist, find them. Are
10. If A =   and B =  
− 4 2 5 2 1
A and B commutative with respect to multiplication ?

 cos  sin  
11. If A =   , show that AAT = ATA = I2.
− sin  cos  

 2 0 1 − 1 1 0 
12. If A =   and B =   then find (ABT) T.
− 1 1 5  0 1 − 2

− 2 1 
  − 2 3 1 
 then find 2A + B and 3B – A
T T
13. If A = 5 0 and B = 
 
 − 1 4  4 0 2 

 2 − 4 T T
14. If A=   then find A + A and AA .
 − 5 3 

1 5 3  2 − 1 0

15. If A = 2 4 0  and B = 0 − 2 5 then find 3A – 4BT.
  
3 − 1 − 5 1 2 0

 − 1 2 3
 
16. If A = 2 5 6 is a symmetric matrix, then find x
 
 3 x 7

0 2 1
 
17. If A = − 2 0 − 2 is a skew symmetric matrix, then find x
 
 − 1 x 0 

12 22 32 
 2 
18. Find the values of the determinants of 2 32 42 
3 2 42 5 2 


 2 −1 4
19. Find the minors of -1 and 3 in the matrix
 0 − 2 5
 
− 3 1 3`

−1 0 5

20. Find the cofactors of the elements 2, -5 in the matrix 1 2 − 2

− 4 − 5 3 

1 0 0 
 
21. If A = 2 3 4 and det A = 45 then find x
 
5 − 6 x 
 1  2
22. If  is a complex cube root of 1 then show that  2 1 = 0
2 1 

cos  − sin  
23. Find the adjoint and inverse matrices 
 sin  cos  

24. Find the rank of the following matrices

1 4 − 1 1 1 1  1 2 0 − 1
    1 0 − 4   
(i) 2 3 0 (ii) 1 1 1 (iii)   (vi) 3 4 1 2
     
0 1 2  1 1 1 2 − 1 3  − 2 3 2 5 

4 Marks
25. If A and B are two invertible matrices of same type, then prove that AB is also invertible and
(AB)-1 = B-1A-1

  cos 2  cos  sin    cos 2  cos  sin  

26. If  -  = , then show that     =O
cos  sin  sin 2     
2
2 cos sin sin 

3 − 4 1 + 2n − 4n 
then show that An = 
1 − 2n
27. If n is a positive integer and A =  
1 − 1  n

 2 − 4 T T
28. If A=   then find A + A and AA .
 − 5 3 

1 a a2 bc b + c 1
(ii) ca c + a 1 = (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
2
29. Show that 1 b b = (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
1 c c2 ab a + b 1

1 a a 2 − bc x a a
(iii) 1 b b − ca = 0(iv) a x a = (x + 2a)(x – a)2
2

1 c c 2 − ab a a x

y+z x x
30. Show that y z+x y = 4xyz
z z x+ y

x − 2 2 x − 3 3x − 4
31. Find the value of x if x − 4 2 x − 9 3x − 16 = 0
x − 8 2 x − 27 3x − 64

 2 1 2

32. Find the adjoint and inverse matrices of 1 0 1

 
2 2 1

 1 − 2 3
33. If A =
 0 − 1 4 then find (AT)-1
 
− 2 2 1
  − 1 − 2 − 2

34. If A = 2 1 − 2 then show that the adjoint of A is 3AT. Find A-1.

 2 − 2 1 

1 2 2
35. If 3A =
 2 1 − 2 then show that A-1 = AT.
 
− 2 2 − 1

 3 − 3 4
 
36. If A = 2 − 3 4 then show that A-1 = A3.
 
0 − 1 1

1 0 0 1  3 3 2
37. If I =   and E = 0 0 then show that (aI + bE) = a I + 3a bE.
0 1   

 cos  sin    cos n sin n 

38. If A =   then show that An = 
cos n 
for all positive integers n.
− sin  cos   − sin n
39. A certain bookshop has 10 dozen chemistry books, 8 dozen physics books, 10
dozen economics books. Their selling prices are Rs. 80, Rs. 60, Rs. 40 each
respectively. Using matrix algebra, find the total value of the books in the
shop.
40. For any n x n matrix A , prove that A can be uniquely expresses as a sum of a symmetric matrix
and a skew symmetric matrix

41. Show that the value of the determinant of a skew symmetric matrix of order three is always zero

1 2 1
 
42. Show that A = 3 2 3 is non-singular and find A-1.
 
1 1 2

0 1 1  b + c c − a b − a 
 
43. If A = 1 0 1 and B =
1
c − b c + a a − b  then show that ABA-1 is a diagonal
  2 
1 1 0 b − c a − c a + b
matrix

7 Marks
1
44. If A is a non-singular matrix then show that A is invertible and A-1 = adj A
A

1 2 1
45. If A = 0 1 − 1 then find A3 – 3A2 – A + 9I.

 
3 − 1 1 

a 2 + 2a 2a + 1 1 b+c c+a a+b

46. Show that (i) 2a + 1 a + 2 1 = (a – 1) . (ii) a + b b + c c + a = a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc
3

3 3 1 a b c
 a + b + 2c a b
47. Show that c b + c + 2a b = 2 (a + b + c)3
c a c + a + 2b

a a2 1 + a3 a a2 1
48. If b b 2 1 + b 3 = 0 and b b 2 1  0 then show that abc = -1
c c2 1 + c3 c c2 1

49. Show that

2bc − a 2
2
a b c c2 b2
b c a = c2 2ac − b 2 a2 = (a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc)2
c a b b2 a2 2ab − c 2

b+c c+a a+b a b c

50. Show that c + a a + b b + c = 2 b c a
a+b b+c c+a c a b

1 a2 a3
2
51. Show that 1 b b 3 = (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (ab + bc + ca)
1 c2 c3

a −b−c 2a 2a
52. Show that 2b b−c−a 2b = (a + b + c)3
2c 2c c−a−b

− 2a a + b c + a
53. Show that a + b − 2b b + c = 4 (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
c + a c + b − 2c

a1 + b1 + c1 a1 a 2 + b2 + c 2 a1 a3 + b3 + c3
2
a1 b1 c1
54. If 1= b1b2 + c1 b2 + c 2
2
b2 b3 + c3 and 2= a 2 b2 c 2 , then find
2
c3 c1 c3 c 2 c3 a3 b3 c3
1
the value of .
2
1 cos  cos  0 cos  cos 
55. If 1 = cos  1 cos  , 2 = cos  0 cos  and 1 = 2, then show
cos  cos  1 cos  cos  0
that cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 1
56. Solve the system of equations by using Cramer’s Rule, matrix Inversion method, Gauss Jordon
method

(a) x + y + z = 1, 2x + 2y + 3z = 6 , x + 4y + 9z = 3

(b) x – y + 3z = 5, 4x + 2y – z = 0 , -x + 3y + z = 5

(c)2x – y + 3z = 9 , x + y + z = 6 , x – y + z = 2

(d)2x – y + 8z = 13, 3x + 4y + 5z = 18 , 5x – 2y + 7z = 20

57. Examine whether the following systems of equations are consistent or inconsistent and if
consistent find the complete solutions.
(i)x + y + z = 4 , 2x + 5y – 2z = 3 , x + 7y – 7z = 5

(ii)x + y + z = 6, x – y + z = 2 , 2x – y + 3z = 9

(iii)x + y + z = 1 , 2x + y + z = 2 , x + 2y + 2z = 1

(iv)x + y + z = 9 , 2x + 5y + 7z = 52 , 2x + y – z = 0

58. Show that the following system of equations is consistent and solve it completely x
+ y + z = 3 , 2x + 2y – z = 3 , x + y – z = 1

59. By using Gauss – Jordan method, show that the following system has no solution :

2x + 4y – z = 0, x + 2y + 2z = 5, 3x + 6y – 7z = 2

a b c
60. Show that a 2 b2 c 2 = abc (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
a3 b3 c3

 1 − 2
2 − 1 2  − 3 0  then verify that (AB)’ = B’A’
61. If A =   and B =
1 3 − 4   
 5 4 

 2 1 2
62. Find the adjoint and the inverse of the matrix 1 0 1
 
2 2 1

1 4 7  − 3 4 0
63.If A=   and B =   then prove that (A+B)T = AT + BT
2 5 − 8  4 − 2 − 1

1 2 2 
64. If A = 2 1 2 then show that A2 – 4A – 5I = O
 
2 2 1

65.Define symmetric and skew symmetric matrix

1 2 1 1 2 3 

66. Find the rank of (i) − 1 0 2 (ii) 2 3 4

   
 0 1 − 1 0 1 2

 a + ib c + id  2
67. If A = 
a − ib 
, a + b2 + c2 + d2 = 1 then find the inverse of A
− c + id

1
68.Construct a 3 X 2 matrix whose elements are defined by aij = i −3j
2

69. For any square matrix A, show that AA’ is symmetric

70. Write the definition of singular and non-singular matrices and give examples
Vectors
Addition of vectors
2 marks

1. If OA = i + j + k, AB = 3i – 2j + k, BC = i + 2j – 2k and CD = 2i + j + 3k , then find the

vector OD
2. If the position vectors of the points A, B and C are – 2i + j – k, - 4i + 2j + 2k and
6i – 3j – 13k respectively and AB = AC, then find the value of 

3. (i) Let a = i + 2j + 3k and b = 3i + j. Find the unit vector in the direction of a + b.

(ii) Let a = 2i + 4j – 5k, b = i + j + k and c = j + 2k. Find the unit vector in the

opposite direction of a + b + c.

4. Find the unit vector in the direction of vector a = 2i + 3j + k

5. Find a vector in the direction of vector a = i – 2j that has magnitude 7 units
6. (i) If the vectors - 3i + 4j + k and i + 8j + 6k are collinear vectors,then find  and 
(i)a = 2i + 5j + k and b = 4i + mj + nk are collinear vectors, then find m and n.

7. If the vectors a = 2i – j + k, b = i + 2j – 3k and c = 3i + pj + 5k are coplanar , then find p

8. Is the triangle formed by the vectors 3i + 5j + 2k, 2i – 3j – 5k and – 5i – 2j + 3k equilateral

9. ABCDE is a pentagon. If the sum of the vectors AB, AE, BC, DC, ED and AC is AC, then
find the value of 
10. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point 2i + 3j + k and parallel to
the vector 4i – 2j + 3k .
11. OABC is a parallelogram. If OA = a and OC = c, find the vector equation of the side BC
12. Find the vector equation of the line joining the points 2i + j + 3kand – 4i + 3j – k .
13. If a, b, c are the position vectors of the vertices A, B and C respectively of  ABC, then
find the vector equation of the median through the vertex A
14. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the pointsi– 2j+5k, -5j–k and –3i + 5j.
15. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points (0,0, 0),(0,5, 0) and (2, 0, 1)
4 Marks

16. If a, b, c are non-coplanar vectors, then test for the collinearity of the following points
whose position vectors are given
(i) a – 2b + 3c , 2a + 3b – 4c, - 7b + 10c (ii) 3a – 4b + 3c, - 4a + 5b – 6c, 4a – 7b + 6c
(iii) 2a + 5b – 4c , a + 4b – 3c, 4a + 7b – 6c
17. Let a, b, c be non-coplanar. Show that 3a – 2b – 4c, -a + 2c, -2a + b + 3c are linearly
dependent .
18. a, b, c are non coplanar vectors, prove that the following four points are coplanar (i) – a
+ 4b – 3c, 3a + 2b – 5c, - 3a + 8b – 5c, - 3a + 2b + c (ii)
6a + 2b – c, 2a – b + 3c, - a + 2b – 4c, - 12a – b – 3c
19. If I, j, k are unit vectors along the positive directions of the coordinate axes, then show
that the four points 4i + 5j + k , - j – k , 3i + 9j + 4k and – 4i + 4j + 4k are coplanar
20. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through points 4i – 3j – k, 3i + 7j –10k and
2i + 5j – 7k and show that the point i + 2j – 3k lies in the plane
21. Find the vector equation of the plane which passes through the points 2i + 4j + 2k, 2i +
3j + 5k and parallel to the vector 3i – 2j + k. Also find the point where this plane meets the
line joining the points 2i + j + 3k and 4i – 2j + 3k.
22. Show that the points A(2i – j + k), B(i – 3j – 5k) , C(3i – 4j – 4k) are the vertices of a right
angled triangle
23. If ABCDEF is a regular hexagon with centreO, then prove that
AB + AC + AD + AE + AF = 3AD = 6AO
24. In  ABC if ‘O’ is the circumcentre and H is the orthocentre , show that
(i) OA + OB + OC = OH (ii) HA + HB + HC = 2 HO.
25. Let a, b be non-collinear vectors, If  = (x + 4y) a + (2x + y + 1) b and 
= (y – 2x + 2) a + (2x – 3y – 1) b are such that 3  = 2 , then find x and y
26. If the points whose position vectors are 3i – 2j – k, 2i + 3j – 4k, - i + j + 2k, 4i + 5j + k
− 146
are coplanar, then show that  =
17
27. In the two dimensional plane, prove by using vector methods, the equation of the line
x y
whose intercepts on the axes are ‘a’ and ‘b’ is + =1
a b
28. Find the equation of the line parallel to the vector 2i – j + 2k and which passes through
the point A whose position vector is 3i + j – k. If P is a point on this line such that AP = 15
, find the position vector of P
29. Show that the line joining the pair of points, 6a – 4b + 4c, - 4c and the line joining the pair
of points - a – 2b – 3c, a + 2b – 5c intersect at the point - 4c whena, b, c are non-coplanar
vectors
30. If a + b + c = d, b + c + d = a anda, b, c are non-coplanar vectors, then show that a +
b + c + d = 0.

Product of vectors2 Marks

31. If a = 6i + 2j + 3k and b = 2i – 9j + 6k , then find a . b and the angle between
a and b .

32. If a = 2i + 2j – 3k, b = 3i – j + 2k, then find the angle between 2a + b and a + 2b.
33. If a = i + 2j – 3k, b = 3i – j + 2k, then show that a + b and a – b are mutually perpendicular
.
34. For what values of , the vectors i - j + 2k and 8i + 6j – k are at right angles ?
35. If the vectors i – 3j + 5k and 2i - j – k are perpendicular to each other, find 
36. If ,  and  be the angles made by the vector 3i – 6j + 2k with the positive directions of the
coordinate axes, then find cos  , cos  and cos 
37. Find the angles made by the straight line passing through the points (1, - 3, 2) and (3,
- 5, 1) with the coordinate axes.
38. If | a | = 2, | b | = 3 and | c | = 4 and each of a, b, c is perpendicular to the sum of the other
two vectors , then find the magnitude of a + b + c.
39. Let a = i + j + k and b = 2i + 3j + k . Find
(i) The projection vector of b on aand its magnitude (ii) The
vector components of b in the direction of a and perpendicular to a.
40. Find unit vector orthogonal to the vector 3i + 2j + 6k and coplanar with the vectors 2i + j
+ k and i – j + k.
41. Find the angle between the planes r . (2i – j + 2k) = 3 and r . (3i + 6j + k) = 4
42. Find the equation of the plane passing through (2, -1, -4) and parallel to the plane 4x -
12y – 3z = 7
1
43. Let e1 and e2 be unit vectors containing angle. If e1 − e2 = sin , then find 
2

44. If | p | = 2 , | q | = 3 and (p, q) = , then | p x q |2.
6
45. If a = 2i – j + k and b = i – 3j – 5k , then find | a x b |.
2p
46. If 4i + j + pkis parallel to the vector I + 2j + 3k , find p
3
47. Compute a x ( b + c ) + b x ( c + a ) + c x ( a + b ).
48. Let a = 2i – j + k and b = 3i + 4j – k. If  is the angle between a and b, then find
 sin

49. Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are 3i + j – 2k and i – 3j + 4k
50. If a = 2i – 3j + 5k; b = - i + 4j + 2k, find ab and the unit vectors perpendicular to both a
and b .
51. If a = 2i – 3j + 5k, b = - i + 4j + 2k, then find (a + b) x (a – b) and unit vector perpendicular
to both a + b and a – b.
52. Find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane having the vectors a = 4i + 3j – k and b=
2i – 6j – 3k .
53. Find the area of the parallelogram for which the vectors a=2i – 3j and b = 3i – k as adjacent
sides .
54. Find the area of the parallelogram having a = 2j – k and b = - i + k as adjacent sides.
55. For any vector a , show that ai2 + aj2 + ak2 = 2 a2 .
56. Compute [i - j j–k k – i] .
57. Show that i x (a x i) + j x (a x j) + k x (k x a) = 2a for any vector a.
58. Prove that for any three vectors a, b, c, [b + c c+a a + b] = 2 [a b c]
59. Let b = 2i + j – k , c = i + 3k. If a is a unit vector then find the maximum value of [a b c]
4 Marks

60. If a + b + c = 0 ,| a | = 3, | b | = 5 and | c | = 7, then find the angle betweena and b.

61. Show that the points (5, - 1, 1), (7, - 4, 7) , (1, - 6, 10) and (- 1, - 3, 4) are the vertices of a
rhombus.
62. Leta=4i + 5j – k, b=i – 4j+5k and c=3i + j – k. Find the vector which is perpendicular to both
a andb whose magnitude is twenty one times the magnitude of c.
63. Show that the points 2i – j + k, i – 3j – 5k and 3i – 4j – 4k are the vertices of a right angled
triangle. Also, find the other angles .
64. Prove that the smaller angle  between any two diagonals of a cube is given by
cos = 1/3 .

65. Find the vector having magnitude 6 units and perpendicular to both 2i– k and 3j– i – k
66. Find the unit vector perpendicular to the plane passing through the points (1, 2, 3),
(2, -1, 1) and (1, 2, -4).

67. Find the area of the triangle formed with the points A(1, 2, 3), B(2, 3, 1), C(3, 1, 2)
68. Let a andb be vectors, satisfying a = b = 5 and (a, b) = 45 . Find the area of the triangle
having a – 2b and 3a + 2b as sides.
69. If a = 2i + 3j + 4k, b = i + j – k and c = i – j + k , compute a (bc) and verify that it is
perpendicular to a .
70. Find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the points P(1, -1, 2), Q(2, 0, -1)
and R(0, 2, 1)
71. If a = 7i – 2j + 3k, b = 2i + 8k and c = i + j + k, compute ab , ac and a
(b + c).Verify whether the vector product is distributive over vector addition
72. If a, b, c are unit vectors such that a is perpendicular to the plane of b, c and the angle between

b and c is , then | a + b + c |
3
73. If a = 2i + j – k, b = - i + 2j – 4k and c = i + j + k, find (ab) . (bc)
74. a = 3i – j + 2k, b = - i + 3j + 2k , c = 4i + 5j – 2k and d = i + 3j + 5k , then compute the following
(i) (a x b)x(c x d) (ii) (a x b).c – (a x d).b
75. For any two vectors a and b show that (1 + |a|2) (1 + |b|2) = |1 – a.b|2 + |a + b + a x b|2
 a .c a .d
76. If a, b, c, d are four vectors then (a x b) . (c x d) = and in particular
b .c b .d

(a x b)2 = a2b2 – (a . b)2 .

77. If a = (1, -1, 6), b = (1, -3, 4) and c = (2, -5, 3), then compute the following
(i) a . (bc) (ii) a (bc) (iii) (ab) c .
78. Determine the value of  , for which the volume of the parallelepiped having co-
terminousedges i + j, 3i – j and 3j +k is 16 cubic units.
79. Find the volume of the tetrahedron having the edges i + j + k, i – j and i + 2j + k
80. Find the volume of the tetrahedron having the vertices (1, 2, 1), (3, 2, 5), (2, -1, 0)
and (-1, 0, 1)

81. If a = i – 2j – 3k, b = 2i + j – k and c = i + 3j – 2k, verify that

a (bc)  (ab) c.
82. If a = 2i + j – 3k, b = i – 2j + k, c = -i + j – 4k and d = i + j +k, compute 
(ab)  (cd) 
83. Let a, b and c be non-zero, non-collinear vectors such that
1
(ab) c = bca . If  is the angle between b and c find sin 
3
84. If A = (1, a, a2), B = (1, b, b2), andC = (1, c, c2) are non-coplanar vectors and

a a2 1 + a3
b b 2 1 + b 3 = 0, show that abc = -1.
c c2 1 + c3

85. Find the volume of the parallelopiped whose coterminus edges are represented by the
vectors 2i – 3j + k, i + j –2 k and 2i + j – k as coterminous edges.
86. For any three vectors a, b, c, prove that [b x c c x a a x b] = [a b c]2 .
1
87. Let a, b and c be unit vectors such that b is not parallel to c, and a (bc) = b.
2
Find the angles made by the vector a with each of the vectors b and c

88. Let a = i + j + k, b = 2i – j + 3k, c = i – j and d = 6i + 2j + 3k. Express dinterms of b x c, c

x a and a xb .
89. If a = i – 2j + 3k, b = 2i + j + k, c = i + j + 2k then find |(a x b) x c| and |a x (b x c|
7 Marks

90. Find the shortest distance between the skew lines r = (6i + 2j + 2k) + t (i – 2j + 2k) and r = (-
4i – k)+ s (3i – 2j – 2k)
91. If A = (1, -2, -1), B = (4, 0, -3), C = (1, 2, -1) and D = (2, -4, -5), find the distance between
AB and CD.
92. a, b, c are non-zero vectors and a is perpendicular to both b and c.Ifa=2,b = 3, c  = 4 and
2
(b, c) = , then find [a b c]  .
3
93. If a = i – 2j + k, b = 2i + j + k, c = i + 2j – k, find a (bc) and  (ab) c .
94. If [b c d] + [c a d] + [a b d] = [a b c], show that the four points a, b, c and d are
coplanar.
95. Show that the equation of the plane passing through the points with position vectors 3i –
5j - k, - i+ 5j + 7k and parallel to the vector 3i – j + 7k is 3x + 2y – z = 0
96. Find the equation of the plane passing through the points A = (2, 3, -1), B = (4, 5, 2)
and C = (3, 6, 5)
97. Find the vector equation of the palne passing through the intersection of the palnesr . (i + j +
k) = 6 and r . (2i + 3j + 4k) = - 5 and the point (1, 1, 1)
98. For any four vectors a, b, c and d, (a x b) x (c x d) = [a c d]b – [b c d]a and (a
x b) x (c x d) = [a b d]c – [a b c]d.
99. If a, b, c are vectors then prove that

(i) (a x b) x c = (c . a) b – (c . b) a (ii) a x (b x c) = (a . c) b – (a . b) c .

100. A line makes angles 1, 2, 3, and 4 with the diagonals of a cube. Show that
4
cos21 + cos22 + cos23 + cos24 =
3
101. Prove by vector method that angle in a semi-circle is a right angle ?
102. By vector method , prove that cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B
103. By vector method, prove that the perpendicular bisectors of the sides are
concurrent
104. By vector method, prove that altitudes of a triangle are concurrent.
Trigonometry upto Transformations
2 Marks

1. If sin  = -1/3 and  does not lie in the third quadrant, find the values of (i)
cos  (ii) cot 
2
2. If sec  + tan  = , find the value of sin  and determine the quadrant in which  lies
3
 2 3 7
3. Prove that cot cot cot ............. cot =1
16 16 16 16
4. If 3 sin  + 4 cos  = 5, then find the value of 4 sin  - 3 cos 
5. Prove that (tan  + cot )2 = sec2 + cosec2 = sec2. cosec2

6. If cos  + sin  = 2 cos  , prove that cos  - sin  = 2 sin 

 1 
7. Show that (i) cos4 + 2 cos2 1 − = 1 – sin4
 sec 2  
2 sin  1 − cos  + sin 
(ii) If = x, find the value of
1 + cos  + sin  1 + sin 

tan 160 − tan 110 1 − 2

8. If tan 20 = , then show that =
1 + tan 160 tan 110 2
tan 610 + tan 700 1 − p 2
9. If tan 20 = p, prove that =
tan 560 − tan 470 1 + p 2
1 1 1 1
10. Find the value of (i) sin2 82 - sin2 22 (ii) cos2 112 - sin2 52
2 2 2 2

 A  A
o o
1 1
(iii) sin2  +  - sin2  −  (iv) Cos2 52 - sin2 22
8 2 8 2 2 2

11. Simplify cos 100o cos 40o + sin 100o sin 40o
cos 9 + sin 9
12. Prove that = cos 36
cos 9 − sin 9
13. Show that cos 42  + cos 78 + cos 162 = 0

14. (i) If 0 << , show that 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos 4 = 2 cos (/2)
8
 cot 3 A − 3 cot A
(ii) For what values of A in the first quadrant, the expression is positive?
3 cot 2 A − 1

−5 
15. If cos  = and << , find the value of sin 2
13 2

16. Prove that 4 (cos 66 + sin 84) = 3 + 15

3 +1
17. Prove that cos 20 cos 40 - sin 5 sin 25 =
4
18. Find the value of sin 34 + cos 64 - cos 4
19. Find the period of the following functions (i)
 4x + 9 
f(x) = cos (3x + 5) + 7 (ii) f(x) = tan 5x (iii) f(x) = cos  
 5 
(iv) f(x) = sin x (v) f(x) = tan (x + 4x + 9x + …………+ n2x)

x x
(vi) f(x) = cos4 x (vii) f(x) = 2 sin + 3 cos
4 3

20. Find the sine function whose period is 2/3.

21. Find a cosine function whose period is 7.
22. Find the maximum and the minimum values of the following functions over R
(i) f(x) = 3 sin x – 4 cos x (ii) f(x) = sin 2x – cos 2x (iii) 7 cos x – 24 sin x + 5

   
(iv) 13 cos x + 3 3 sin x - 4(v)f(x) = cos 2x + cos2 x (vi) cos x +  + 2 2 sin  x +  − 3
 3  3

 
23. If a  cos  + 3 2 sin  +  + 6  b, then find the largest value of a and smallest value of b
 4

  
24. Draw the gragh of (i) y = tanx in  − ,  , (0, /4) (ii) y = cos2 x in (0 , )
 2 2
(iii) y = sin 2x in (0, )

25. Sketch the region enclosed by y = sin x, y = cos x and X-axis in the interval [0 , ]
4 Marks

tan  + sec  − 1 1 + sin 

26. Prove that =
tan  − sec  + 1 cos 
 24 4
27. If 0 < A < B < and sin( A + B) = and cos (A - B) = then find the value of tan 2A
4 25 5

28. Show that tan 70 - tan 20 = 2 tan 50

29. If A + B = 45 , then prove that
(i) (1 + tan A) ( 1 + tan B) = 2 (ii) (cot A – 1) (cot B – 1) = 2
3
30. If A – B = then show that (1 – tan A)(1 + tan B) = 2
4
31. If A, B, C are angles of a triangle and if none of them is equal to /2,
then prove that (i) tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
(ii) cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1
sin 3 A
32. (i) Show that sin A = . Hence find the value of sin 15o.
1 + 2 cos 2 A

sin 2
(ii) Prove that tan  = and hence deduce the values of tan15 o and
1 + cos 2
 o
1
tan 22
2

1 3 1 1 4
33. Prove that (i) − = 4 (ii) + = .
sin 10 cos 10 cos 290 o
3 sin 250 o
3

2  3 4 5
34. Prove that sin sinsin sin =
5 5 5 5 16
 2 3 9
35. Show that cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 =2
10 5 5 10

   3  7  9  1
36. Show that 1 + cos 1 + cos 1 + cos 1 + cos =
 10  10  10  10  16
2 4 6 1
37. Prove the following (i) cos cos cos =
7 7 7 8
 2 3 4 5 1
(ii) cos cos cos cos cos =
11 11 11 11 11 32

38. If A is not an integral multiple of , prove that

sin 16 A
cos A cos 2A cos 4A cos 8A = and hence deduce that cos
16 sin A
2 4 8 16 1
cos cos cos =
15 15 15 15 16
39. For A R, prove that
1
(i) sin A sin (60 + A) sin (60 – A) = sin 3A
4
1
(ii) cos A cos (60 + A) cos (60 – A) = cos 3A and hence deduce that (iii)
4
3  2 3 4 1
sin20 sin 40 sin60 sin 80 = (iv) cos cos cos cos =
16 9 9 9 9 16
40. If A is not an integral multiple of /2, show that (i) tan
A + cot A = 2 cosec 2A (ii) cot A – tan A = 2 cot 2A
41. If  is not an integral multiple of /2 , prove that
tan  + 2 tan 2 + 4 tan 4 + 8 cot 8 = cot 
42. If 3A is not an odd multiple of 90, prove that
tan A tan (60 + A) tan (60 – A) = tan 3A and
deduce that tan 6 tan 42 tan 66 tan 78 = 1
 3 5 7 3
43. Show that sin
4
+ sin 4 + sin 4 + sin 4 =
8 8 8 8 2

44. If none of 2A and 3A is an odd multiple of /2, then prove that

tan 3A tan 2A tan A = tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A

  
45. Prove that sin2 ( - ) + sin2 ( + ) – sin2 ( - ) = 1/2
4 12 12
sin( n + 1) − sin( n − 1) 
46. If cos n 0, show that = tan
cos( n + 1) + 2 cos n + cos( n − 1) 2
47. Prove that cos2 76 + cos2 16 - cos 76 cos 16 = 3/4
x− y x+ y
48. If cos x + cos y = 4/5 and cos x – cos y = 2/7 find the value of 4 tan + 5 cot
2 2
 
49. If sec ( + ) + sec ( - ) = 2 sec  and cos  1,prove that cos  =  2 cos
2
7 Marks

50. If A , B , C are the angles in a triangle ,then prove that

(i) sin 2A - sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 cos A sin B cos C

(ii) cos 2A – cos 2B + cos 2C = 1 – 4 sin A cos B sin C

51. If A , B , C are the angles in a triangle ,then prove that

A B C
cos A + cos B – cos C = -1 + 4 cos cos sin
2 2 2

52. If A, B , C are angles of a triangle , then prove that

A B C
(i) sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2

A B C
(ii) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
53. If A , B , C are the angles in a triangle ,then prove that
(i) sin2 A + sin2 B – sin2 C = 2 sin A sin B cos C

(ii) cos2A + cos2 B – cos2 C = 1 – 2 sin A sin B cos C

54. If A + B + C = 180, then prove that

A B C A B C
(i) cos
2
+ cos 2 + cos 2 = 2 + 2 sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2

A B C A B C
(ii) cos
2
+ cos 2 − cos 2 = 2 cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2

55. In triangle ABC, prove that

A B C  + A  + B   − c 
(i) cos + cos − cos = 4 cos  cos  cos 
2 2 2  4   4   4 

A B C  − A  − B   − c 
(ii) sin + sin − sin = −1 + 4 cos  cos  sin  
2 2 2  4   4   4 

56. If A, B , C are angles of a triangle , then prove that

A B C  − A  − B   − c 
(i) cos + cos + cos = 4 cos  cos  cos  (ii)
2 2 2  4   4   4 
A B C  − A  − B   − c 
sin + sin + sin = 1 + 4 sin   sin   sin  
2 2 2  4   4   4 

57. If A + B + C = 90, then show that

(i) Sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C = 1 – 2 sin A sin B sin C

(ii) Sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 cos A cos B cos C

58. If A + B + C = 270, prove that

Cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C = 1 – 4 sin A sin B sin C

59. If A, B , C are angles of a triangle , then prove that

A B C A B C
sin 2 + sin 2 − sin 2 = 1 − 2 cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2

60. If A + B + C = 0, then prove that

 Cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C = 1 + 2 cos A cos B cos C

61. If A + B + C + D = 360, then prove that

Cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C + cos 2D = 4 cos ( A + B) cos (A + C) cos (A + D)

62. If A + B + C = 2S , prove that

A B C
(i) cos (S – A) + cos (S – B) + cos (S – C) + cos S = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
 S − A  S − B  C
(ii) cos (S – A) + cos (S – B) + cos C = 4 cos  cos  cos − 1
 2   2  2

63. If A + B + C = 270, then prove that

(i) Cos2 A + cos2 B – cos2 C = - 2 cos A cos B sin C

(ii) Sin 2A + sin 2B – sin 2C = - 4 sin A sin B cos C

64. Let ABC be a triangle such that cot A + cot B + cot C = 3 . Then prove that ABC is an equilateral
triangle
65. If none of A , B , A + B is an integral multiple of , then prove that
1 − cos A + cos B − cos( A + B) A B
= tan cot
1 + cos A − cos B − cos( A + B) 2 2
 sin(  +  ) 1 − m
66. Suppose that  -  is not an odd multiple of , m  R \ {0 , -1} and = . Then
2 cos( −  ) 1 + m
   
show that tan  −   = m cot  −  
4  4 

5 −1 5 +1
67. Prove that (i) sin 18o = (ii) cos 36o =
4 4
 3 5 7 9
68. Prove that cot cot cot cot cot = 1
20 20 20 20 20

1
69. Prove that cos 12 + cos 84 + cos 132 + cos 156 = −
2
70. Find the value of sin 34 + cos 64 - cos 4
3 
71. If sin  = , where <<, evaluate cos 3 and tan 2
5 2

Trigonometric equations
4 marks
1. Solve (i) 2 cos2 - 3 sin  + 1 = 0(ii)4 cos2 + 3 = 2( 3 + 1) cos  (iii) 1 + sin2 = 3
sin  cos (iv) 2 (sin x + cos x) = 3 (vi) sin x + 3 cos x = 2
2. Solve tan  + sec  = 3 , 0  2
3. Solve tan  + 3 cot = 5 sec 
4. Solve sin 2x – cos 2x = sin x – cos x
5. If 0 << , solve cos cos 2 cos 3 = 1/4
6. If x is acute and sin(x + 10) = cos (3x - 68) find x
7. Solve 4 sin x sin 2x sin 4x = sin 3x

8. Solve cot2 x – ( 3 + 1) cot x + 3 = 0 , (0 < x </2)

9. Solve cos 3x + cos 2x = sin 3x/2 + sin x/2, 0  x  2

10. Find the general solution of the equation cosec  = - 2, cot  = - 3

11. If x + y = 2/3 and sin x + sin y = 3/2, find x and y
12. Solve sin 3 = 4 sin sin (x + ) sin (x - ) where  n, n  Z

13. Find all values of x in(- , ) satisfying the equation 81+cos x +cos x +.......... ....
2
= 43
1
14. If tan ( cos ) = cot ( sin ) then prove that cos ( - /4) = 
2 2
15. If tan p = cot q, and p  - q show that the solutions are in A.P with common difference

p+q
16. If 1, 2 are solutions of the equation a cos 2 + b sin 2 = c,
tan 1 tan 2 and a + c  0, then find the values of (i)
tan 1 + tan 2 , (ii) tan1 tan 2 .
17. If ,  are the solutions of the following equation a cos  + b sin  = c, where a, b, c  R
and if a2 + b2> 0, cos cos, and sin sin then show that
2bc 2ac
(i) sin + sin  = (ii) cos  + cos  =
a + b2
2
a + b2
2

c2 − b2 c2 − a2
(iii) coscos = 2 (iv) sin sin = 2
a + b2 a + b2

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

4 Marks

1. Show that sec 2 [tan -1 2] + cosec 2 [cot -1 2] = 10

 3 12   4 2
2. Find the values of (i) sin  cos -1 + cos −1  (ii) tan  cos −1 + tan −1 
 5 13   5 3
3 8 36 3 12 33
3. Prove that (i) sin-1 + sin-1 = cos-1 (ii) sin-1 + cos-1 = cos-1
5 17 85 5 13 65
1 1 1 
(iii) tan-1 + tan-1 + tan-1 =
2 5 8 4

3 3 8 
(iv) tan-1 + tan-1 - tan-1 =
4 5 19 4

3 5  323 

(v) 2 sin -1   - cos-1   = cos -1  
5  13   325 

4 1  4 3 27
(vi) sin-1 + 2 tan-1 = (vii) cos-1 + sin-1 = tan-1 .
5 3 2 5 34 11

4  7   117 
4. Prove that sin -1   + sin -1   = sin -1  
5  25   125 
4 5 16 
5. Prove that sin-1 + sin-1 + sin-1 =
5 13 25 2
41 
6. Prove that cot-1 9 + cosec-1 =
4 4
 1  
7. Find the value of tan  2 tan −1   − 
 5 4 
 1  1
8. Prove that cos 2 arctan  = sin 4 arctan 
 7 3  
  2x −1  1 − x
2

9. Prove that sin cot −1 + cos    = 1
 1− x2 1+ x
2

10. If sin -1 x + sin -1 y + sin -1 z =  , prove that
x4 + y4 + z4 + 4x2y2z2 = 2 (x2y2 + y2z2 + z2x2)

11. If tan -1 x + tan -1 y + tan -1 z = /2 , then prove that

xy + yz + zx = 1

 p -1 
q p 2 2 pq q2
12. If cos -1   +cos   =, show that − cos  + = sin 2 
a b
2 2
a ab b
5  12  
13. Solve arc sin   + arc sin   = (x > 0)
x  x 2

 1 a  1 a  2b
14. Prove that tan  + cos −1  + tan  − cos −1  =
4 2 b 4 2 b a
15. (i) If cos-1p + cos-1q + cos-1r = , then prove that p2 + q2 + r2 + 2pqr = 1
(ii) If tan -1x + tan -1 y + tan -1 z =  , then prove that

x + y + z = xyz

(iii) If sin -1 x + sin -1 y + sin -1 z =  , prove that

x 1 − x 2 + y 1 − y 2 + z 1 − z 2 = 2 xyz

16. Solve the following equations for x


(i) sin-1 x – cos-1 x = (ii) sin-1 (1 – x) – 2 sin-1 x =/2
6

−1 x −1 x +1 
(v) tan + tan −1 =
x−2 x+2 4

−1  1  −1  1  −1  2 
(vi) tan   + tan   = tan  2 
 2x + 1   4x + 1  x 

2x
−1 −1 1 − x
2
2x 
(vii) 3 sin − 4 cos + 2 tan −1 =
1+ x 2
1+ x 2
1− x 2
3


17. Solve sin-1 x + sin-1 2x =
3

x2 +1
18. Prove that cos [ arc tan { sin ( arc cot x )}] =
x2 + 2
Hyperbolic Functions
2 Marks

1. Prove that i) sinh(x + y) = sinhxcoshy + coshxsinhy

ii) sinh(x-y) = sinhxcoshy – coshxsinhy

3
2. If sinh x = , find cosh (2x) and sinh (2x)
4

3. If sinh x = 3, then show that x = loge (3 + 10 )

tanh x − tanh y
4. Prove that tanh (x - y) =
1 − tanh x. tanh y
5. Prove that (i) ( cosh x - sinh x) n = cosh (nx) - sinh (nx)
(ii) ( cosh x + sinh x) n = cosh (nx) + sinh (nx)
 cosh x sinh x
6. Prove that + = sinh x + cosh x
1 − tanh x 1 − coth x
7. Prove that cosh4 x – sinh4 x = sinh2 x + cosh2 x = cosh 2x
    
8. If u = log  tan  +  , and cos > 0 then prove that cosh u = sec 
  4 2 

9. Prove that , for any x R , sinh (3x) = 3 sinh x + 4 sinh3 x

5
10. If cosh x = , find the values of (i) cosh (2x) (ii) sinh (2x)
2
x 
11. If cosh x= sec  then prove that tanh2 = tan2 .
2 2

     
12. If   −,  and x = log e cot  4 +   then prove that
 4 4   
(a) cosh x = sec 2

(b) sinh x = - tan 2

13. If sinh x = 5, then show that x = log e(5 + 26 )

1 1
14. Show that Tanh-1   = log e 3
2 2
Properties of Triangles
4 Marks

1. If a : b : c = 7 : 8 : 9. find cos A : cos B : cos C.

cos A cos B cos C a 2 + b 2 + c 2

2. Show that + + =
a b c 2abc
3. If C = 60, show that
a b b a
(i) + =1 (ii) + 2 =0
b+c c+a c −a
2 2
c − b2

1 1 3
4. In  ABC, if + = , show that C = 60.
a+c b+c a+b+c
A B C bc + ca + ab − s 2
5. Prove that tan + tan + tan =
2 2 2 
a 2 bc A
6. If sin  = , then show that cos  = cos
b+c b+c 2

2 bc A
7. (i) If a = (b-c) sec  ,prove that tan  = sin .
b−c 2

2 bc A
(ii) If a = (b+c)cos, then prove that sin  = cos
b+c 2

 A B C
8. In  ABC, show that (a + b + c)  tan + tan  = 2c cot .
 2 2 2
9. Show that b 2 sin 2C + c 2 sin 2B = 2bc sin A .

a2 + b2 + c2
10. Prove that cot A + cot B + cot C =
4
a2 + b2 sin C
11. If 2 = , prove that  ABC is either isosceles or right angled.
a −b 2
sin( A − B)
12. If cot A/2, cot B/2 , cot C/2 are in A.P, prove that a, b, c are in A.P.
13. If sin 2 A/2, sin 2 B/2, sin 2 C/2 are in H.P, show that a , b , c are in H.P.
abc
14. Show that a cot A + b cot B + c 2 cot C =
2 2 .
R
A A
15. Show that (b − c) 2 cos 2 + (b + c) 2 sin 2 = a 2
2 2
16. If cot A/2 : cot B/2 : cot C/2 = 3 : 5 : 7, show that a : b : c = 6 : 5 : 4 .
17. If p1, p2, p3 are the altitudes of the vertices A, B, C of a triangle respectively, show that

1 1 1 cot A + cot B + cot C

+ 2+ 2 =
p1
2
p2 p3 

18. If (r 2 – r 1) (r 3 – r 1) = 2r 2 r 3, show that A = 90.

1 1 1 1 a2 + b2 + c2
19. Show that + + + =
r 2 r1 2 r2 2 r3 2 2
7 Marks
20. State and prove Sine Rule
21. State and prove cosine rule
22. State and prove projection rule
23. State and prove Tangent rule

A B C
+ cot + cot
cot
2 = (a + b + c)
2
24. Prove that 2 2
cot A + cot B + cot C a 2 + b2 + c 2
25. If cos A + cos B + cos C = 3/2 , show that triangle is equilateral.

26. Show that a cos 2 A /2 + b cos 2 B/2 + c cos 2 C/2 = s + .
R
27. If a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 8 R 2, then prove that the triangle is right angled.
28. Prove that a 3 cos(B - C) + b 3 cos (C - A) + c 3 cos(A - B) = 3abc .
29. In  ABC, prove that
i. r 1 +r 2 + r 3 –r = 4R (ii) r + r 1 + r 2 –r 3 = 4R cos C

rr1 4 R − r1 − r2
30. Show that (i) a = (r 2 + r 3) (ii)  = r 1 r 2
r2 r3 r1 + r2

r
31. Show that (i) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +
R
r
(ii) cos2 A/2 + cos 2 B/2 + cos 2 C/2 = 2 +
2R

r1 r2 r3 1 1
32. Show that + + = −
bc ca ab r 2R
33. If p 1, p 2, p 3 are the altitudes from the vertices A, B, C to the opposite sides of a triangle
1 1 1 1
respectively, the show that (i) + + =
p1 p 2 p3 r

(ii)
1
+
1
−
1 1
= and (iii) p 1 p 2 p 3 =
(abc )2 =
83
p1 p 2 p3 r3 8R 3 abc

34. If a = 13, b = 14, c = 15, show that R = 65/8, r = 4, r 1 = 21/2, r 2 = 12, r 3 = 14

35. If r = 1, r 1 = 2, r 2 = 3, and r 3 = 6, prove that a = 3, b = 4 and c = 5

r1 (r2 + r3 )
36. Prove that =a
r1 r2 + r2 r3 + r3 r1
37. If r : R : r 1 = 2 : 5 : 12, then prove that the triangle is right angled at A .
38. Show that (i) r + r 3 + r 1 – r 2 = 4R cos B (ii) r + r2 + r3 – r1 = 4R cos A
39. In  ABC, if r 1 = 8, r2 = 12, r 3 = 24, find a, b, c.
ab − r1r2 bc − r2 r3 ca − r3 r1
40. Show that = =
r3 r1 r2
41. A lamp post is situated at the middle point M of the side AC of a triangular plot ABC with
BC = 7m, CA = 8m and AB = 9m. Lamp post subtends an angle 15 o at the point B. Find the
height of the lamp post.
42. The upper 3/4 portion of a vertical pole subtends an angle tan -13/5 at a point in the hotizontal
plane through its foot and at a distance 40m from the foot.Given that the vertical pole is at
a height less than 100m from the ground,find its height.
43. AB is a vertical pole with B at the ground level and A at the top.A man finds that the angle
of elevation of the point A from a certain point C on the ground is 60 0.He moves away from
the pole along the line BC to a point D such that CD=7m.From D,the angle of elevation of
the point A is 450.Find the height of the pole.
44. The angle of elevation of the top point P of the vertical tower PQ of height h from a point A
is 45o and from a point B is 60 o, where B is a point at a distance 30 meters from the point

A measured along the line AB which makes an angle 30 o with AQ. Find the height of the
tower