Signals and Systems

Signal Processing
Instructor
Dr. Hafiz Farhan Maqbool

Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics & Manufacturing Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
Faisalabad Campus
TODAY

COURSE OVERVIEW
 Course Description and
Evaluation Criteria
Course Name Course Code Semester Session
Signals and Systems MCT- 342 6th 2022

2
Credit Hours

Contact Hours 2

Marks Distribution

Quizzes Assignments Mid-Term End-Term

15-20 10-15 30 40
 Course Description and
Evaluation Criteria
Course Name Course Code Semester Session
Signal Processing MCT- 244 4th 2023

2
Credit Hours

Contact Hours 2

Marks Distribution

Quizzes Assignments Mid-Term End-Term

15-20 10-15 30 40
 Course Description and
Evaluation Criteria
Course Name
Course Code Semester Session
Signals and Systems &
MCT- 342 & 244 4th & 6th 2022, 2023
Signal Processing

Type Major Based Core (Breadth)

MA-225: Differential Equations and

Pre-requisite
Transforms
 Textbook(s) and Reference Books
Textbook(s)
• Signals, Systems and Inference by AV Oppenheim and G Verghese,
1st Edition 2015, Pearson.
• Signal and Systems by A V Oppenheim, AS Willsky and SH Nawab,
2nd Edition 1996, Pearson.
• Digital Signal Processing by Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer,
2015.
• Digital Signal Processing by John G. Proakis and D. G. Manolakis,
4th edition, 2018
Reference Books/Material
•Signals and Systems by Simon Haykin
•Web Source
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Signals and Systems is an introduction to analog and
digital signal processing, a topic that forms an integral
part of engineering systems in many diverse areas,
including communications, speech processing, image
processing, electronics, and digital control systems. The
course presents and integrates the basic concepts for
both continuous time and discrete-time signals and
systems. Signal and system representations are
developed for both time and frequency domains. These
representations are related through the Fourier transform
and its generalizations, which are explored in detail.
INTRODUCTION: SIGNALS, THEIR PROPERTIES, AND OPERATIONS,
EXPONENTIAL SIGNALS,
LTI SYSTEMS: ANALYSIS OF LINEAR TIME INVARIANT (L TI) SYSTEMS,
CONVOLUTION AND TIME DOMAIN RESPONSE OF SYSTEMS.
FREQUENCY DOMAIN REPRESENTATION: TIME AND FREQUENCY
DOMAIN REPRESENTATION OF LINEAR SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS, FOURIER
SERIES, CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM.
SAMPLING: SAMPLING AND SAMPLING THEOREM
FILTER DESIGN
Z-TRANSFORMS

Key Contents
 Course Learning
Outcomes (CLOs)

• Explain the fundamentals of continuous-time and

discrete-time signals and systems both in time and
frequency
• Apply convolution to predict the behavior of LTI
Systems.
• Analyze the LTI Systems both in time and frequency
domains using transform methods and filter
techniques.
 MAPPING OF CLOS TO
PLOS AND LEARNING DOMAINS
Course Learning Program Learning Taxonomy Level
Outcome Outcome

CLO – 1 PLO – 1 C2

CLO – 2 PLO – 2 C3

CLO – 3 PLO – 2 C4
 KPI
CLOS/PLOS
ATTAINMENT
50%
 TENTATIVE LECTURE PLAN
Week Topics Book/Reference

1 Course Discussion (Objectives, Course

Contents, Course CLOs and PLOs,
Grading Policy, Suggested Texts)
Importance of Course
Introduction to Signals and Systems
2 Signals : Definition, Types
Even and Odd Signals
Transformation of Independent Variable
Examples and Class Problems • Signals, Systems and Inference
3 Exponential and Sinusoidal Signals by AV Oppenheim and G
Verghese, 1st Edition 2015,
Unit Impulse and Unit Step Functions
Pearson.
Examples and Class Problems • Digital Signal Processing by
John G. Proakis and D. G.
Manolakis, 4th edition, 2018

4 Systems : Definition, Types

Basic Properties of Systems
 TENTATIVE LECTURE PLAN
Week Topics Book/Reference

5 Basic Properties of System (Continued)

Examples and Class Problems
Quiz 1
6 LTI Systems
The Convolution Sum
Examples and Class Problems
7 LTI Systems
• Signals, Systems and
The Convolution Integral Inference by AV Oppenheim
Examples and Class Problems and G Verghese, 1st Edition
2015, Pearson.
• Digital Signal Processing by
John G. Proakis and D. G.
Manolakis, 4th edition, 2018

8 Properties of LTI Systems

Examples and Class Problems
 TENTATIVE LECTURE PLAN
Week Topics Book/Reference

10 Continuous Time Fourier Series

Properties
Examples and Class Problems
11 Discrete Time Fourier Series
Properties
Examples and Class Problems
12 Continuous Time Fourier Transform
• Signals, Systems and
Properties Inference by AV Oppenheim
Examples and Class Problems and G Verghese, 1st Edition
2015, Pearson.
• Digital Signal Processing by
John G. Proakis and D. G.
Manolakis, 4th edition, 2018

13 Discrete Time Fourier Transform

Properties
Examples and Class Problems
 TENTATIVE LECTURE PLAN
Wee Topics Book/Reference
k
14 Sampling and Sampling Theorem
Examples and Class Problems.
Quiz 2
15 Applications (Filters etc.)
• Signals, Systems and
Examples and Class Problems Inference by AV Oppenheim
and G Verghese, 1st Edition
16 Z-Transform 2015, Pearson.
Examples and Class Problems • Digital Signal Processing by
John G. Proakis and D. G.
Manolakis, 4th edition, 2018
ASSESSMENTS
 Quizzes
Quiz 1 Week 5/6
Quiz 2 Week 14/15
Assignments
Assignment 1 TBA
Assignment 2 TBA
 Exams
Mid-term Week 9
End-term Week 18
NEXT

■ Introduction to Signals and Systems

■ Introduction to Signal Processing
 TODAY
• Signals and Systems
• Signal Processing
 What is/are Signal (s)?

■ It is a measured quantity that varies with time, space or any

other independent variable (s)
■ A signal conveys information about the state or behavior of
a physical system (usually a physical phenomenon)
Examples:
–Voltage: Represented as a function over time -> 1D signal
–Image signal: Represented as an intensity function of two spatial
variables -> 2D signal
–Video signal: A sequence of images spanning over a period of time ->
3D signal
Signal (s)
Examples:
■ a voltage or current in an electronic circuit
■ the position, velocity, or acceleration of an object
■ a force or torque in a mechanical system
■ a flow rate of a liquid or gas in a chemical process
■ a digital image, digital video, or digital audio
■ a stock market index

■ Information is always contained in some pattern of

variation…..
 Classification of Signals
Number of independent variables (i.e., dimensionality):
■ A signal with one independent variable is said to be one dimensional (e.g., audio).
■ A signal with more than one independent variable is said to be multi-dimensional (e.g., image)
Continuous or discrete independent variables:
■ A signal with continuous independent variables is said to be continuous time (CT) (e.g., voltage
waveform).
■ A signal with discrete independent variables is said to be discrete time (DT) (e.g., stock market index).

Continuous or discrete dependent variable:

■ A signal with a continuous dependent variable is said to be continuous valued (e.g., voltage waveform).
■ A signal with a discrete dependent variable is said to be discrete valued (e.g., digital image).
■ A continuous-valued CT signal is said to be analog (e.g., voltage waveform).
■ A discrete-valued DT signal is said to be digital (e.g., digital audio).
Graphical Representation of Signals
System
■ It can be defined as a physical device that performs a certain
operation on a signal
■ Example: Filtering (to reduce the noise and interference)
■ A system is an entity that processes one or more input signals in
order to produce one or more output signals.
Signal Processing
■ Signal processing is concerned with the representation,
transformation, and manipulation of signals and the
information they contain.
Communication Systems

Control Systems
Why Study Signals and Systems?
■ Engineers build systems that process/manipulate signals.
■ A formal mathematical framework for the study of such systems is
required.
■ Such a framework is essential to ensure that a system will meet
the required specifications (e.g., performance and safety).
■ If a system fails to meet the required specifications or fails to work
altogether, negative consequences usually arise.
■ When a system fails to operate as expected, the consequences can
sometimes be catastrophic.
 Digital VS Analog Systems
■ A digital programmable system allows flexibility in reconfiguring the digital signal
processing operations simply by changing the program
■ Digital systems offer greater accuracy, and error rates can be minimized with error
detection and correction codes
■ Digital signals can be easily stored and transferred
■ Precise mathematical operations can be easily performed on digital signals
■ Digital signals experience less noise, distortion, and interference when conveying
information.
■ Analog signals with large bandwidth require fast-sampling rate A/D converters,
hence unrealizable till now
Further details can be accessed through this link. Accessed on Jan 17, 2025:
https://www.turito.com/blog/general/analog-vs-digital-signals-advantages-and-disadvantages