-- Single Line comment
-- Query to create new Database
CREATE DATABASE DA_FEB_2025
/*
Multiple Comment
SQL Language is very easy to learn.
SQL Language is not case sensitive
*/
------------------- DDL ---------------------
---CREATE (It will be used to create the new object like table, view,index,
synonyms, function, store procedure
--- Rule to give the identifier name
CREATE TABLE customer_info
(
customer_id int,
customer_name varchar(200),
customer_city varchar(200),
customer_phonenumber varchar(200)
)
select * from customer_info
select customer_id,customer_name,customer_city,customer_phonenumber from
customer_info
INSERT INTO customer_info
(customer_id,customer_name,customer_city,customer_phonenumber)
VALUES
(101,'Pravin','Pune','9890899078')
101 Pravin Pune 9890899078
102 Natraj Hyderabad 236655778
103 Hema Mumbai 9878906758
-------------------------------
Create 5 Tables
Student_info
Employee_info
Customer_info
Sales_Info
Product_Info
Finish your installation
Create 5 Tables
Student_info
Employee_info
Customer_info
Sales_Info
Product_Info
--- Identifier Rules
/*
--Data Types
NUMERIC
SMALLINT
INT
BIGINT
DECIMAL
FLOAT
MONEY
CHARACTER
CHAR
VARCHAR
NCHAR
NVARCHAR
TEXT
DATE
DATE
TIME
DATETIME
DATETIME2
*/
-----------------------------------------------------------------
select * from customer_info
select customer_id,customer_name,customer_city,customer_phonenumber from
customer_info
--INSERT SINGLE LINE VALUE
INSERT INTO customer_info
(customer_id,customer_name,customer_city,customer_phonenumber)
VALUES
(101,'Pravin','Pune','9890899078')
--INSERT MULTIPLE LINE VALUE
INSERT INTO customer_info
(customer_id,customer_name,customer_city,customer_phonenumber)
VALUES
(104,'HARSHA','Pune','+91-9999999999'),
(102, 'Natraj', 'Hyderabad','+21-236655778'),
(103,'Hema','Mumbai','9878906758')
---- How to create a copy/Clone/Backup of existing table? / How to create backup
table
select customer_id,customer_name,customer_city,customer_phonenumber from
customer_info
SELECT * INTO customer_info_bkp_20250218
from customer_info
select customer_id,customer_name,customer_city,customer_phonenumber from
customer_info_bkp_20250218
select * from customer_info_bkp_20250218_1
SELECT customer_id,customer_name INTO customer_info_bkp_20250218_1
from customer_info
-----------DELETE
SELECT * FROM customer_info_bkp_20250218
-- It will delete all the records/Values from the table
Delete from customer_info_bkp_20250218
---How to delete specific records/values from the table
Delete from customer_info_bkp_20250218 WHERE customer_city = 'Hyderabad'
----------- How to insert the data from one table to another table.
INSERT INTO customer_info_bkp_20250218
(customer_id,customer_name,customer_city,customer_phonenumber)
SELECT customer_id,customer_name,customer_city,customer_phonenumber FROM
customer_info
INSERT INTO customer_info_bkp_20250218
SELECT * FROM customer_info
---------------------------------------------
SELECT * FROM customer_info_bkp_20250218 WHERE customer_city = 'Hyderabad'
---------------------------------
SELECT * FROM customer_info_bkp_20250218_1
DELETE FROM customer_info_bkp_20250218_1
--------- Remove/Drop entire table from database
DROP TABLE employee_info;
---------------------------------------- Update Statment
select * from employee_info
select * into employee_info_20250118 from employee_info
SELECT * FROM employee_info_20250118
---Update all rows/records/values
UPDATE employee_info_20250118 SET JOB_ID='Sales'
---Update specific rows/records/values
UPDATE employee_info_20250118 SET JOB_ID='Marketing' WHERE EMP_ID = 130
select * from employee_info_20250118
UPDATE employee_info_20250118 SET JOB_ID='Marketing' WHERE EMP_ID > 130
------------------------------- List of Operators
/*
1. Arithmetic Operator (+,-,/,*,%)
[Link] Operator(=,(<> !=),<=,>=,<,>)
[Link] Operator (AND , OR, NOT)
[Link] (LIKE, BETWEEN,IS NULL, IN, ANY, ALL,EXISTS)
*/
SELECT 100+450
select SALARY, SALARY + SALARY * .1 AS 'SAL_WITH_HIKE' from employee_info_20250118
SELECT * FROM employee_info_20250118
-- Update the values for multiple columns
UPDATE employee_info_20250118 SET JOB_ID='IT',SALARY=99999 WHERE EMP_ID =121
------------ALTER STATEMENT
-- ADD Column
SELECT * FROM employee_info_20250118
ALTER TABLE employee_info_20250118 ADD location varchar(50)
SELECT * FROM Student_Info
-- Drop Column
ALTER TABLE employee_info_20250118 drop column location
--- Modify the column
ALTER TABLE employee_info_20250118 alter column first_name varchar(100)
ALTER TABLE Student_Info alter column Student_Class varchar(100)
INSERT INTO Student_Info (Student_Class) values
('Fifth Standard')
SELECT * FROM Student_Info
--------------------- Rename the table
EXEC sp_rename 'Student_Info', 'Student_Data'
SELECT * FROM Student_Data
--------------------- Rename the Column
EXECUTE sp_rename 'Student_Data', 'Student_Info'
SELECT * FROM Student_Info;
--------------------
ALTER TABLE Student_Info alter column Student_Class varchar(100)
-------
--- 50K
-------
/*
--Development Life Cycle Environments
[Link] --
[Link]/ TESTING
[Link] (User Acceptance Testing)
[Link]
*/
--------------------- Rename the Column
SELECT * FROM Student_Info;
--UPDATE student_info SET Student_Date_Of_Birth='1991-04-12'
Exec sp_rename 'dbo.student_info.student_date_of_birth', 'date_of_birth'
------------------------------------- TRUNCATE
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[customer_info_bkp_20250218]
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[customer_info_bkp_20250219]
DELETE FROM [dbo].[customer_info_bkp_20250218]
TRUNCATE TABLE [dbo].[customer_info_bkp_20250219]
INSERT INTO [dbo].[customer_info_bkp_20250219] SELECT * FROM [dbo].[customer_info]
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[customer_info_bkp_20250218]
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[customer_info_bkp_20250219]
DELETE FROM [dbo].[customer_info_bkp_20250218] WHERE customer_city='Pune'
TRUNCATE TABLE [dbo].[customer_info_bkp_20250219] WHERE customer_city='Pune'
/*
DELETE
[Link] can delete specific records
[Link] statement will delete the records one by one.
[Link] will slower than TRUNCATE
TRUCATE
[Link] can't delete specific records
[Link] statement will remove all the records at one go.
[Link] will faster than DELETE
DROP
1. DROP statment will remove entire table from database itself.
*/
-------------------------COMMIT/ROLLBACK/SAVEPOINT
---ROLLBACK: It undo the changes of any given statement including TRUCNATE/DROP .
-- to rollback the transaction we must to BEGIN THE transation using BEGIN
TRANSACTION clause
--COMMIT-- Save the data permernatly in the database which we cant rollback.
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[customer_info_bkp_20250218]
BEGIN TRANSACTION
DELETE FROM [customer_info_bkp_20250218]
SELECT * FROM [customer_info_bkp_20250218]
ROLLBACK
SELECT * FROM [customer_info_bkp_20250218]
-----------------------------------
BEGIN TRANSACTION
DROP TABLE customer_info_bkp_20250218
SELECT * FROM [customer_info_bkp_20250218]
ROLLBACK
---------------------
BEGIN TRANSACTION
SELECT * FROM [customer_info_bkp_20250219]
TRUNCATE TABLE customer_info_bkp_20250219
SELECT * FROM [customer_info_bkp_20250219]
ROLLBACK
SELECT * FROM [customer_info_bkp_20250219]
----------------------------------------------
BEGIN TRANSACTION
SELECT * FROM [customer_info_bkp_20250219]
TRUNCATE TABLE customer_info_bkp_20250219
SELECT * FROM [customer_info_bkp_20250219]
commit
rollback
----------- SAVEPONIT -----> Home work
------------ MERGE STATEMENT
CREATE TABLE [source_customer_info](
[s_customer_id] [int] ,
[s_customer_name] [varchar](200) ,
[s_customer_city] [varchar](200) ,
[s_customer_phonenumber] [varchar](200),
s_prod_purchase_date date
)
CREATE TABLE [dw_customer_info](
[t_customer_id] [int] ,
[t_customer_name] [varchar](200) ,
[t_customer_city] [varchar](200) ,
[t_customer_phonenumber] [varchar](200),
t_prod_purchase_date date
)
SELECT * FROM [source_customer_info];
SELECT * FROM [dw_customer_info];
INSERT INTO source_customer_info VALUES
(101, 'Pravin', 'Pune', '9890899078','2025-02-15'),
(102, 'Natraj', 'Hyderabad', '9089675643' ,'2025-02-15'),
(103, 'Hema', 'Mumbai', '9878906758', '2025-02-15')
MERGE INTO dw_customer_info
USING source_customer_info
ON s_customer_id= t_customer_id
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET t_customer_city=s_customer_city,
t_customer_phonenumber=s_customer_phonenumber
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT
(t_customer_id,t_customer_name,t_customer_city,t_customer_phonenumber,t_prod_purcha
se_date)
VALUES
(s_customer_id,s_customer_name,s_customer_city,s_customer_phonenumber,s_prod_purcha
se_date);
SELECT * FROM [source_customer_info];
SELECT * FROM [dw_customer_info];
TRUNCATE TABLE source_customer_info
INSERT INTO source_customer_info VALUES
(101, 'Pravin', 'Surat', '9890899078','2025-02-16'),
(104, 'KrushMurthy', 'Hyderabad', '777789789' ,'2025-02-16'),
(105, 'Heena', 'Mumbai', '7890675698', '2025-02-16')
101 Pravin Surat 9890899078 16-Feb-25
104 KrushMurthy Hyderabad 777789789 16-Feb-25
105 Heena Mumbai 7890675698 16-Feb-25
UPDATE [dw_customer_info] SET ID=40
TRUNCATE TABLE source_customer_info
SELECT * FROM [source_customer_info];
SELECT * FROM [dw_customer_info];
INSERT INTO source_customer_info VALUES
(106, 'Saritha', 'Kochi', '8888888888','2025-02-17'),
(102, 'Natraj', 'Hyderabad', '9999999999' ,'2025-02-17'),
(105, 'Heena', 'Pune', '7890675698', '2025-02-17')
Customer_ID Customer_Name Customer_City Customer Phone Number
Prod_Purchase_Date
106 Saritha Kochi 8888888888 17-Feb-25
102 Natraj Hyderabad 9999999999 17-Feb-25
105 Heena Pune 7890675698 17-Feb-25
-------------------------------------
Source System
Flat file ---- table
20Lac
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