Advances in Research

5(5): 1-11, 2015, Article no.AIR.16000

ISSN: 2348-0394

SCIENCEDOMAIN international
www.sciencedomain.org

PVT Fluid Sampling, Characterization and Gas

Condensate Reservoir Modeling
Julius U. Akpabio1,2*, Sunday O. Isehunwa2 and Oluwatoyin O. Akinsete2
1
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
2
Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Authors’ contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author JUA designed the study, wrote
the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author OOA confirmed the cited literatures,
and author SOI reviewed the simulation process, analysis and results. All authors read and approved
the final manuscript.

Article Information

DOI: 10.9734/AIR/2015/16000
Editor(s):
(1) Pradip K. Bhowmik, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, USA.
Reviewers:
(1) Anonymous, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
(2) Anonymous, Inha University, South Korea.
(3) Anonymous, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Nigeria.
Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/10630

st
Received 31 December 2014
Original Research Article Accepted 9th June 2015
rd
Published 23 August 2015

ABSTRACT

When reservoir pressure decreases in gas condensate reservoirs, there is a compositional change
which makes the system difficult to handle. This type of system requires an Equation of State (EOS)
to ensure proper fluid characterization so that the Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) behavior of
the reservoir fluid can be well understood. High quality and accurate PVT data will help reservoir
engineers to predict the behavior of reservoir fluids and facilitate simulation studies. The aim of this
study is to determine what to do on reservoir fluid before carrying out reservoir modeling.
PVT data were obtained from a reservoir fluid in the Niger Delta which was sampled following
standard procedures. Then the laboratory experiments were critically examined to ensure accuracy,
consistency and validity before PVT analysis. Finally, the results from the PVT experiments were
imported into PVT software and subsequently in a reservoir simulator for simulation studies. These
processes generate the EOS model for reservoir modeling of gas condensate reservoirs.
The mass balance test, Hoffman plot and CCE/CVD (Constant Composition Expansion and
Constant Volume Depletion) comparison plots were used to validate PVT data. From these tests,

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

*Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected];

 Akpabio et al.; AIR, 5(5): 1-11, 2015; Article no.AIR.16000

the consistencies of the data were ascertained and the composition added up to 100%. The pattern
of the CCE/CVD comparison plot was observed to reflect that less liquid dropout was experienced
later in the depletion process of the CVD experiment than in the CCE experiment. PVT validation
checks help to confirm the Gas oil ratio of the system and the richness of the gas condensate fluid.
It is imperative to obtain representative reservoir fluid samples and carry out reliable laboratory
experiments to generate PVT data for fluid characterization. PVT fluid characterization and
consistency checks will ensure that accurate results are obtained from reservoir simulation models
leading to proper reservoir management.

Keywords: Fluid characterization; equation of state; retrograde condensate; reservoir modeling; fluid
sampling.

NOMENCLATURES 1. INTRODUCTION

A1 = Slope of the Hoffman et al Plot

There are five main groups of reservoir fluids
Ao = Intercept of the Hoffman et al plot
namely: Black oil, volatile oil, retrograde
BIP = Binary Interaction Parameter condensate, wet gas and dry gas. The retrograde
CCE = Constant Composition Expansion condensate fluid is very complex due to the fluid
CVD = Constant Volume Depletion behavior and properties. This reservoir is usually
Cf = Characteristic factor correlation located between the critical temperature and the
EOS = Equation of State cricondentherm on the reservoir fluid’s pressure-
F = Total moles of Feed temperature diagram [1]. Fluid flow in gas
condensate reservoir is very complex and
Fi = Hoffman Factor
involves phase changes, multi-phase-flow of the
FVF = Formation Volume Factor fluid (oil and gas) and possibly water, phase
F/V = Intercept of Mass Balance Plot redistribution in and around the wellbore and
GOR = Gas Oil Ratio retrograde condensation [2]. In order to
K-Value = Y/X adequately handle this fluid an Equation of State
L = Total moles of separator Liquid (EOS) model is required. This is an analytical
L/V = Slope of Mass Balance Plot expression that relates pressure to the
temperature and volume of a fluid which is used
Mi = Molecular weight of Heptane plus
to characterize reservoir fluids. Pressure Volume
Pc = Critical Pressure Temperature (PVT) relationship for real
PD = Dew Point Pressure hydrocarbon fluids needs to be properly
PR = Peng-Robinson described to ascertain the volumetric and phase
PT = Patel and Teja behavior of Petroleum reservoir fluids.
Psc = Pressure at standard conditions
PVT = Pressure Volume Temperature Reservoir and production engineers usually
RK = Redlich Kwong require PVT measurements for effective
SRK = Soave Redlich Kwong operations and one major issue is the use of
T = Separator Temperature EOS for the description of phase behavior of
fluids for development of compositional
Tb = Normal Boiling Temperature
simulators [3,4]. Different types of EOS include
TBP = True Boiling Point Van der Waals, Peng-Robinson (PR), Redlick-
Tc = Critical Temperature Kwong (RK), Zudkevitch and Joffe (ZJ), Patel
V = Total moles of separator Vapour and Teja (PT), Soave Redlich Kwong (SRK) etc.
VLE = Volume Liquid Equilibrium these EOS have been published in the past to
Xi = Moles fraction of component i in model phase behavior of gas condensate fluids
Liquid [5,6]. It is important to know the gas condensate
Yi = Mole fraction of component i in phase behavior in order to predict the
Vapour performance of the reservoir and future
processing needs. The experimentally measured
Zi = Mole fraction of component i in feed
data is usually matched (by linear regression)
ZJ = Zudkevitch and Joffe with the simulated data to increase the degree of
i = Specific Gravity
confidence of the EOS model.

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EOS can be modeled with the following general A fundamental tool for planning the development
procedure: of a field and evaluation of field production
performances is reservoir simulation studies.
a) EOS model is built with an EOS correlation Part of the requirement for any integrated
using available composition at reference reservoir studies is the reservoir fluid PVT model
pressure, temperature and depth. [8].
b) To ensure that the GOR and density
match, the molecular weight or specific
gravity of the pseudo component is 1.1 Fluid Characterization and Gas
changed by 5-10% to get close to the Condensate Fluids
densities.
c) Binary Interaction Parameters (BIP) are
used to match saturation pressure while One way of obtaining representative reservoir
the Pseudo components are split. fluid, is by sampling the fluid just after the
d) Laboratory data is entered and deviation completion of the drilling, since pressure is less
between the calculated and experimental likely to drop below the dew point thereby
values is checked. creating a two phase in the reservoir [10-13]. A
e) The BIPs and critical properties of pseudo mono-phasic condition should be maintained
components are regressed if a large during sampling and transfer to laboratory for
deviation is noticed. analysis. In order to realize this objective, the
f) EOS model is lumped for use in simulation sample drawdown pressure should be controlled
model, after linear regression to reduce the and kept as close as possible to the reservoir
simulation time. pressure and above the dew point [14,15].

EOS correlation is used with accurate PVT

characterization to develop gas condensate From the well stream composition of a reservoir
reservoir models. When developing gas fluid (which is obtained from the recombination
process), it is possible to know the type of
condensate reservoirs, a major challenge is the
phenomenon called “condensate banking.” This reservoir fluid. The major characteristic feature of
a gas condensate fluid is the Gas GOR (Gas-Oil
phenomenon occurs when condensate drops out
near wellbore region as pressure drops below Ratio). The condensate fluid can be further
classified into four categories: Lean, medium,
the dew point pressure, causing condensate to
rich and very rich condensate [16] as shown in
drop and form a ring-like structure which
ultimately reduces the well deliverability [7]. Table 1. As the isothermal condition of the
reservoir fluid approaches the critical point, in the
There is need for accurate sampling of the phase envelope, the richness of the fluid is
reservoir fluids to achieve a good EOS model. increased. Fig. 1 shows the lean and rich gas
Laboratory experiments must be performed condensate phase envelopes [17].
correctly to develop accurate EOS models when
the sample is a good representative of the
Rich and lean gas condensate phase envelopes
reservoir fluids [6]. PVT models are used to
can be differentiated by Fig 1a and 1b and
generate mathematical algorithms expressed as
known by the size of heptane plus as well as the
Equation of State [8]. Some practical limitations
percentage of liquid dropout. When pressure
in obtaining gas condensate PVT data include
declines at reservoir temperature, a rich gas
accurate laboratory PVT data and compositional
condensate forms more liquid dropout than a
changes due to pressure drop below the dew
lean gas. The constant compositional changes in
point and uncertainties associated with small
the gas condensate reservoir, makes it a
liquid volumes [9]. The profitability in the
complex system, requiring compositional
development of any gas condensate reservoir
simulation to be able to model the phase
depends on four factors: field location and size, behavior of the fluid and evaluate the recovery
local markets for separated gas and condensate,
processes properly.
phase behavior of reservoir fluid and tax regime.

Table 1. Classification of Gas Condensate Fluids [16]

Lean Medium Rich Very rich

CGR(STB/MMSCF) <50 50 - 125 125 - 250 >250

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 Akpabio et al.; AIR, 5(5): 1-11, 2015; Article no.AIR.16000

Fig. 1a. and 1b. Phase envelopes of rich and lean gas condensate fluids [17]

2. METHODOLOGY vi. Repeat the sampling operation to obtain

duplicate samples (preferably three
Fluid samples for this study were obtained from samples should be retrieved).
the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The record of vii. Perform a quality check on the samples at
the sampling process and information about the the surface
temperature and pressures were used to viii. Transfer the samples to a storage
ascertain the suitability of the condition for container for transport to the laboratory
obtaining representative reservoir fluid samples.
Table 2 shows the compositions of the gas A minimum of triplicate samples should be
condensate fluid and other properties of the fluid. collected. This is to permit comparison of sample
Standard sampling procedures will be highlighted compositions and properties and to have backup
and laboratory analysis performed on the fluid samples in case of leakage during transit from
before characterization and EOS generation. field to laboratory. For gas-condensate samples,
the optimum procedure is to ship the entire
2.1 Sampling Procedures for Gas subsurface sampling tool section to the
Condensate Fluid laboratory, to minimize the possibility of leakage
[13,18].
2.1.1 Subsurface samzpling
2.1.2 Surface sampling
The following steps are the specific procedure for
subsurface sampling: The following steps are the specific procedures
for surface sampling [19]:
i. Condition the well to insure that a single-
phase, representative fluid is flowing at the i. Condition the well to insure that a single-
productive interval phase representative fluid is flowing into
ii. Either shut in the well or allow it to the wellbore
continue flowing at a very low rate ii. Maintain the final conditioning flow rate
iii. Run pressure and temperature surveys to iii. Accurately measure and record the GOR
determine fluid levels and pressures iv. Sample the gas and oil streams at the
iv. Select the sampling point and run the primary or first stage separator and at
bottom hole fluid sampler to depth separator pressure.
v. Actuate the sampler and retrieve the v. Accurately record sample data and tag for
sample. shipment to laboratory.

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2.2 Analysis and Tuning of PVT Data condensate windowed cell. A part of the
recombined sample was changed to the cell and
The results from the laboratory experiments expanded thermally to the reservoir temperature
which are the CCE, CVD, viscosity and separator of 176.6ºF. This experiment is started at a
tests were inputted into the PVTsim software. pressure much higher than the reservoir
The Fluid is characterized by delumping and pressure and reduced stepwise until the dew
lumping of the plus fractions and assigning of point pressure is observed and recorded. Other
individual properties (e.g. Tc, Pc, accentric factor, parameters recorded in this test are the deviation
Mw etc.) to these components using an equation factor, the compressibility factor, the liquid
of state (EOS). The EOS parameters were tuned dropout, gas density and relative gas volumes as
to match experiments’ PVT data of the CCE and seen in Table 3.
CVD tests with the simulation results. The
lumping and delumping of the C7 plus fraction
was necessary to reduce the number of CVD experiment is carried out on the fluid at
components used in the EOS calculations also reservoir temperature of 176.6ºFand dew point
reduce compositional model computing time [20]. pressure which was determined by the CCE
experiment. The experiment involves a series of
2.3 Basic Experiments before Fluid pressure expansions and constant pressure
Characterization displacements to maintain the sample in a
constant volume that was equal to the volume of
Constant Composition Expansion (CCE) and sample at dew point pressure. The process is
Constant Volume Depletion Experiments (CVD) repeated until an abandonment pressure, which
are the two basic experiments carried out on gas was 524 Psia. The well stream was pumped from
condensate fluids before characterization. CCE the PVT cell into a pre-weighed flask submerged
experiment is performed in a high-pressure gas in liquid nitrogen and condensed. The condensed

Table 2. Wellstream compositions of fluid A

Component Gas mol % (yi) Liquid mol % (xi) Reservoir fluid mol % (zi)
N2 0.15 0 0.14
CO2 0.18 0 0.18
H2S 0 0 0
CI 87.98 0 87.26
C2 5.29 0.1 5.25
C3 2.83 0.07 2.81
i-C4 0.68 0.06 0.67
n-C4 0.91 0.13 0.9
i-C5 0.41 0.21 0.41
n-C5 0.31 0.25 0.31
C6 0.56 1.73 0.57
C7+ 0.7 97.45 1.5
TOTAL 100 100 100
Liquid density (IB/FT3) 50.067
Liquid MW 156.37
Gas gravity (air = 1) 0.802
GOR (scf/sepbbl) 82918.7

Table 3. Constant volume depletion test-produced well stream properties at 176.6ºF

Steps Press. Gas Den. Gas Gas Z Gas FVF Gas 2-Z Retrog Cum.
(Psia) (g/cc) gravity factor Visc.(cp) factor rade Prod.fluid
liq. (%)
Dew 4191 0.238 0.721 0.862 0.00369 0.0276 0.862 0 0
Point.
1 3799 0.187 0.702 0.831 0.00392 0.0251 0.824 0.27 4.92
2 3099 0.153 0.678 0.794 0.0046 0.0214 0.786 1.1 13.36
3 2388 0.118 0.664 0.79 0.00594 0.0183 0.768 1.93 28.65
4 1610 0.078 0.657 0.83 0.00925 0.0158 0.746 2.65 46.98
5 978 0.046 0.656 0.905 0.0166 0.0142 0.729 2.61 64.04
6 524 0.025 0.662 0.962 0.0325 0.0134 0.708 2.25 74.05

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gas phase is then gradually allowed to return to Hence, the expression for the xi and yi are as
ambient temperature. The gas evolves and the follows:
residual condensate are collected separately,
weighed and analyzed. The quantities that are Lxi Vyi  Fzi (5)
recorded during this experiment are liquid
dropout, cumulative produced fluid; gas density
and gas z-factor, see Table 4. Phase and Dividing through by Z
volumetric behavior of mixtures using any of the
EOS models can be predicted by obtaining such Lxi zi  V yi zi   F (6)
properties as the critical properties (Tc, Pc) and
accentric factor, ɷ for each component in the Dividing through by V will give
mixture.
L V xi zi   yi zi   F V (7)
2.4 Compositional Consistency
The consistency of the fluid composition can be This translates to
determined by evaluating the PVT data. One
major consistency test is the summation of the yi zi   L V xi zi  F V (8 )
composition to ensure they add up to 100%. In
modern PVT reports, inconsistencies in
composition are usually very small and are seen This is a straight line equation obtained by
in unnoticeable figures instead of errors [21]. plotting yi zi against xi zi to generate an
Apart from the summation of the composition,
intercept, F/V and a negative slope (L/V); this
other techniques for consistency checks are, the
negative slope is equivalent to the measured
mass balance plot, Hoffman plot and Buckley
GOR. Table 2 is used to generate this mass
plot. While the mass balance plot is a
balance plot. Deviation from the straight line can
quantitative method, the Hoffman and Buckley 2
be seen as mass balance inconsistency. The R
plots are qualitative methods of assessing PVT
value must tend towards unity (Fig. 2). This plot
data.
is sometimes used to identify discrepancies in
2.4.1 Mass balance test the reported compositions. The reciprocal of the
slope may be used to compute GOR and
This test is used to assess the feed composition thereafter compare with the measured GOR. The
and the separator vapour and liquid composition conversion from mole to barrels is necessary
for consistency. The basis for the test is the when the values of the liquid density and
mass balance criteria of the component. One molecular weight are provided. The feed
mole of fluid of composition z is considered at a compositions used in this study yielded a good
certain temperature and pressure (T, P); it can result in terms of consistency. The separator
be split into liquid and vapour of L moles and V liquid and vapour can be mathematically
moles of compositions respectively [22]. An L recombined to obtain the well stream
mole of liquid has the compositions x1, x2, … xn, composition. From the graph, the value of the
and a V mole of vapour has compositions of y1, slope was 0.0083 which gives a GOR of 82201.8
y2, …yn. Then scf/sep. bbl. upon conversion of the reciprocal of
the slope. The difference between the calculated
L V 1 (1) and measured GOR is 0.86%. The measured
GOR is 82918.7 scf/sep. bbl. This result shows
and that the value of the liquid molecular weight and
density are close to the reported GOR. If this
Lxi  Vyi  Z in (2) difference is large, then the values of the
reported liquid molecular weights and densities
n n n are inaccurate. This will make the tuning by
 xi   yi   zi  1
i 1 i 1 i 1
(3) linear regression of the equation of state difficult.

The mass balance of the gas composition can be

th
Therefore the K-value of the i component is expressed by Equation (9).
expressed as:
y  0.0083 x  1.0088 (9 )
K  yi xi (4)

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 Akpabio et al.; AIR, 5(5): 1-11, 2015; Article no.AIR.16000

And R2 is 0.9997

Using some conversion factors, the slope of the mass balance plot can be expressed as GOR.

1lbmol 379 . 5 scf 1lbmol 50 . 067 lb 5 . 6145 ft 3

GOR  * * * * (10 )
0 . 0083 Ibmol lbmol 156 . 37 lb ft 3 bbl

GOR  82201 .8 scf / stb

1.2
y = -0.0083x + 1.0088
1.0 R² = 0.9997
0.8
yi/zi

0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
xi/zi
HC Component

Fig. 2. Mass balance plot of recombined fluid sample

Fig. 3. Hoffman plot for the fluid A

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 Akpabio et al.; AIR, 5(5): 1-11, 2015; Article no.AIR.16000

2.4.2 The hoffman plots 2.4.3 Buckley plot

A method for checking the recombined separator The Buckley plot is expressed by the semi log
sample was proposed by Hoffman et al. [23]. plot of K-value versus the square of the critical
This following expression was used to obtain the temperature (Fig. 4). Usually, the heavier
Hoffman plot based on the correlation of K component deviates downwards away from the
values. straight line.

log K i  Ao  A1F i ( 11 ) 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Where The specific gravity of Heptane plus is generated

from the reservoir fluid equation for expressing
the relationship between specific gravity and
 1 Tbi   1 T  molecular weight before characterization of the
Fi    log Pci Psc  (12 )
fluid [24].
 1 Tbi  1 Tci 
0.1299
 i  0.2855  C f Mi  65 .9418  (13)
A1 and Ao are slope and intercept respectively for
a semi-log plot of Ki versus Fi. This plot shows Where, Cf is the specific gravity correlation
that the trend of the graph is linear for characteristic factor. This factor is adjusted to
components C2 through C6 for all pressures as
obtain equality between calculated and
seen in Fig. 3. However, it bends slightly experimental specific gravity of Heptane plus.
downwards for heavier components at low The value of Cf is between 0.27 and 0.31.
pressures.
Table 4. CCE experiment at 176.6ºF
Steps Pressure Rel. vol. Retro. liq. % Density FVF Z Comp. (1/psia)
1 7062 0.769 0 0.309 0.00285 1.119 6.15E-05
2 6559 0.793 0 0.3 0.00294 1.072 7.19E-05
3 6056 0.822 0 0.289 0.00305 1.025 8.36E-05
4 5553 0.855 0 0.278 0.00318 0.979 9.89E-05
5 5051 0.899 0 0.265 0.00334 0.936 9.96E-05
Res. Press 4868 0.915 0 0.26 0.0034 0.918 1.16E-04
7 4548 0.949 0 0.25 0.00353 0.89 1.50E-04
PD 4191 1 0 0.238 0.00371 0.862
9 3543 1.118 0.57
10 3041 1.247 1.22
11 2741 1.36 1.6
12 2440 1.512 2.08
13 2139 1.718 2.38
14 1837 1.987 2.71
15 1536 2.391 2.84
16 1215 2.896 2.79

3.0 y = -0.5779x + 4.0214

2.0 R² = 0.9036

1.0
0.0
Log K

-1.0
-2.0
-3.0 0.0 2.0 4.0Tc2/105 6.0 8.0 10.0
Non-HC Component HC component Linear (HC component)

Fig. 4. Buckley plot for the reservoir fluid components

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 Akpabio et al.; AIR, 5(5): 1-11, 2015; Article no.AIR.16000

Non-linear regression is used to determine the other before the CVD curve lies beneath the
correlation constants to fit the experimental data CCE curve. (Fig. 5).
from the True Boiling Point (TBP) and Mi is the
molecular weight of heptane plus. This equation 3.2 Linear Regression of Data
was originally generated based on a comparison
of experimental and calculated specific gravity of After the CCE and CVD data are obtained, there
68 samples. is need to use non-linear regression to adjust the
predicted EOS characterization in order to obtain
3.1 CCE and CVD Comparison Plots an acceptable match. Some parameters need to
be selected based on experience because the
Two major experiments for gas condensate fluids
tuning process is usually a trial and error
for determination of the reservoir phase behavior
process. Out of the several non-linear least
are Constant Composition Expansion (CCE) and
squares regression methods being implemented
Constant Volume Depletion (CVD) [25]. These
and tested, the rotational discrimination method
experiments help in tuning the equation of state
is recommended. To obtain a good match
models for modeling reservoirs. Information
between the simulated and experimental data a
obtained from these experiments are imported
set of BIPs need to be adjusted. These BIPs help
into PVT softwares to generate the actual
to predict the capabilities of the EOS used in
reservoir fluid properties. Important information is
Volume Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) calculations of
obtained by plotting the CVD and CCE together.
reservoir fluids .A reasonable match could be
The dew point pressure of the reservoir was
achieved with an error of±(5-10%) then the EOS
4191 psi. and the plot shows the consistency of
can be imported into a simulation model such as
tge two experiments. The plot has an identical
ECLIPSE100, 300, Dynamo/Mores which will
dew point while the liquid dropout of the CCE is
now function as a compositional model.
less than that of the CVD. The CCE test gives a
maximum liquid dropout at a lower pressure than
the CVD test. At the beginning of the retrograde 3.3 Gas Condensate Reservoir Modeling
process, the curves are identical but the CVD will
show greater liquid dropout than the CCE as A compositional simulator tracks each
more liquid condenses. This happens because component of the oil and gas in the reservoir
when retrograde condensation starts, the from the least component to the largest (C1,
composition of the gas phase becomes leaner C2……Cn). By doing this it models fluid near the
than the liquid phase. During CVD experiments, critical point in the phase envelope, where
the composition of gas will be richer than the changes in the pressure and temperature of the
original composition during the CCE experiment compositional system can result in very different
when the leaner gas is removed. More liquid phase behavior. In this system, oil and gas
dropout is experienced because the total CVD phases are represented in multi-component
fluid composition is richer. This is the reason why mixtures while composition and time are
the CCE and CVD curves will initially track each represented by EOS.

8000
7000
6000
Pressure, Psi

5000
4000
CCE Liquid dropout %
3000
CVD Liquid dropout %
2000
1000
0
0 1 2 3
Liquid dropout %

Fig. 5. Comparison plots of CVD and CCE experiments

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4. CONCLUSION 6. Khan NM, Bilal HM, Shoaib M, Manzoor A,

Shaukat W, Shakil T. Fluid characterization
In order to undertake reservoir fluid modeling, of a retrograde gas condensate reservoir
fluid samples must be obtained from the for the simulation study. SPE 163134
reservoir, early in the life of the reservoir presented at the SPE/PAPG Annual
ensuring a monophasic condition during the Technical Conference held in Islamabad,
sampling and transfer to laboratory. Pakistan, 3-5 December; 2012.
7. Lawrence JJ, Gupta DK. Quality
The richness of the condensate fluid (rich or lean assessment and consistency evaluation of
condensate) is determined after the PVT data PVT data, IPTC 13784 presented at the
from the laboratory experiments has been 2009 International Petroleum Technology
checked for accuracy, consistency and validity. Conference held in Doha Qatar, 7-9
December; 2009.
When the PVT data is imputed into PVT 8. Schebetov A, Rimoldi A, Piana M. Quality
software, an EOS model is generated and tuned check of gas-condensate PVT Studies and
by linear regression to have a good match EOS Modeling under Input Data
between the simulated and experimental data. Uncertainty SPE 133258 presented at the
The EOS model is then exported into any SPE Gas Technical Conference and
reservoir simulator such as Eclipse or Mores, for Exhibition held in Moscow, Russia, 26-28
use as a compositional simulator. October; 2010.
9. Eyton DGP. Practical limitations in
COMPETING INTERESTS obtaining PVT data for gas condensate
systems. Paper SPE 15765 presented at
Authors have declared that no competing the Fifth SPE Middle East Oil Show held in
interests exist. Manama. Bahrain, 7-10 March; 1987.
10. Lawrence JJ, Chorneyko DM, Smith CK,
Nagarajan NR. Representative reservoir
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