Scribd
Upload
12 views3 pages

HW Chapter1

The document contains a series of homework problems related to ordinary differential equations (ODEs), including verification of solutions, half-life calculations, and modeling scenarios such as free fall and population dynamics. It also covers topics like exact ODEs, linear ODEs, orthogonal trajectories, and the existence and uniqueness of solutions. Each section includes specific problems that require finding general and particular solutions, as well as graphical representations.

Uploaded by

nr5br6z5jc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views3 pages

HW Chapter1

The document contains a series of homework problems related to ordinary differential equations (ODEs), including verification of solutions, half-life calculations, and modeling scenarios such as free fall and population dynamics. It also covers topics like exact ODEs, linear ODEs, orthogonal trajectories, and the existence and uniqueness of solutions. Each section includes specific problems that require finding general and particular solutions, as well as graphical representations.

Uploaded by

nr5br6z5jc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Homework 1

§1.1 Basic Concepts. Modeling


1. Verify that y is a solution of the ODE and determine from y the particular
solution of the IVP.
(a) y ′ + 4y = 1.4, y = ce−4x + 0.35, y(0) = 2
(b) y ′ = y − y 2 , y = 1+ce
1
−x , y(0) = 0.25
′
(c) yy = 4x, y − 4x = c (y > 0), y(1) = 4
2 2

2. The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time in which half of the given
amount disappears. What is the half-life of radium 88 Ra226 (in years)?
(Hint : y ′ = ky, k = −1.4 · 10−11 sec−1 for radium 88 Ra226 .)

3. If we drop a stone, we assume air resistance to be negligible. Experiments


2
show that under that assumption the acceleration y ′′ = ddt2y of this motion is
constant(g = 9.80m/sec2 ). State this as an ODE for y(t), the distance fallen as a
2
function of time t. Solve the ODE to get the familiar law of free fall, y = gt2 .

§1.2 Geometric Meaning of y ′ = f (x, y). Directional Fields


1. Graph a direction field by hand. In the field graph approximate a solution curve
through the given point by hand.
(a) y ′ = 1 − y 2 , (0, 0), (2, 12 ) (b) yy ′ + 4x = 0, (1, 1), (0, 2)

§1.3 Separable ODEs. Modeling


1. Find a general solution.
2 2
(a) y 3 y ′ + x3 = 0 (b) y ′ = (y + 4x)2 (c) y ′ = 4xxy+y
(d) y ′ + (x + 2)y 2 = 0 (e) y ′ = x+2y+5
x+2y+7 (f) xy ′ = 21 y 2 + y

2. Find the particular solution.


(a) xy ′ + y = 0, y(4) = 6 (b) y ′ = 1 + 4y 2 , y(0) = 6
(c) xy ′ = y + 4x5 cos2 (y/x), y(2) = 0 (d) yy ′ = (x − 1)e−y , y(0) = 1
2

3. A tank contains 400 gal of brine in which 100 lb of salt is dissolved.Fresh water
runs into the tank at a rate of 2 gal/min. The mixture, kept practically uniform by
stirring, runs out at the same rate. How much salt will there be in the tank at the
end of 1 hour?

Computational Science & Engineering (CSE) T. Jeong


Homework 2

§1.4 Exact ODEs. Integrating Factors


1. Test for exactness. If exact, solve. If not, find an integrating factor and solve.
(a) ex (cos ydx − sin ydy) = 0 (b) (x2 + y 2 )dx − 2xydy = 0
(c) 2x tan ydx + sec2 ydy = 0 (d) (− xy2 + 2 cos 2x)dx + ( x1 − 2 sin 2y)dy = 0
2
(e) (ey − yex )dx + (xey − ex )dy = 0 (f) (2xydx + dy)ex = 0, y(0) = 2

2. Solve the the ODE 4ydx − 3xdy = 0 by following methods.


(a) By finding an integrating factor of the type F (x, y) = xa y b
(b) By finding an integrating factor of the type different from (a)

§1.5 Linear ODEs. Bernoulli Equations. Population Dynamics


1. Find the general solution. If an initial condition is given, find the particular
solution.
(a) y ′ + 2y = 4 cos 2x (b) y ′ + y sin x = ecos x y(0) = −2.5
′ 4 3 ′ 2
(c) xy + 4y = 8x y(1) = 2 (d) x y + 3x y = 5 sinh 10x √
′
(e) y + y = y , y(0) = −1
2
(f) 2yy ′ + y 2 sin x = sin x, y(0) = 2

2. If in a population y(t) the death rate is proportional to the population, and the
birth rate is proportional to the chance encounters of meeting mates for reproduc-
tion, what will the model be? Solve the model.
3. A model for the speed of contagious diseases is obtained by assuming that the
rate of spread is proportional to the number of contacts between infected and nonin-
fected person, who are assumed to move freely among each other. Set up the model.
Find the equilibrium solutions and indicate their stability or instability. Solve the
ODE. Find the limit of the proportion of infected persons as t → ∞ and explain
what it means.

§1.6 Orthogonal Trajectories


1. Sketch or graph some of the given curves. Guess what their orthogonal trajectories
may look like. Find these trajectories.
(a)y = ce−x
2
(b) x2 + (y − c)2 = c2 (c) x2 − y 2 = c2

2. Find the conditions under which the orthogonal trajectories of families of ellipses
x2 /a2 + y 2 /b2 = c are again conic sections. Illustrate your result graphically. What
happens if a → 0? If b → 0?

Computational Science & Engineering (CSE) T. Jeong


Homework 3

3. The lines of electric force of two opposite charges of the same strength at (−1, 0)
and (1, 0) are the circles through (−1, 0) and (1, 0). Show that these circles are given
by x2 + (y − c)2 = 1 + c2 . Show that the equipotential lines(orthogonal trajectories
of those circles) are the circles given by (x + c∗ )2 + ỹ 2 = c∗ 2 − 1.

§1.7 Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions


1. (a) Does the initial value problem (x − 2)y ′ = 2y, y(2) = 1 have a solution?
Does your result contradict Existence Theorem and Uniqueness Theorem? What
happens if you replace y(2) = 1 with y(2) = k?

(b) Find all initial conditions such that

(x2 − 4x)y ′ = (2x − 4)y

has no solution, precisely one solution, and more than one solution.

2. Consider an initial value problem

y ′ = f (x, y), y(x0 ) = y0 .

By integrating the ODE, we obtain


∫ x
y(x) = y0 + f (t, y(t))dt.
x0
∫x
Set yn (x) = y0 + x0 f (t, yn−1 (t))dt, n = 1, 2, · · · . If yn (x) converges, then the limit
is a solution of the ODE. It is called Picard’s iteration method.
Apply the iteration to y ′ = x + y, y(0) = 0, and also solve the problem exactly.

Computational Science & Engineering (CSE) T. Jeong

You might also like