DX300 – DX600

User’s Manual

Trademark Acknowledgements
• SATIR is a trademark of SATIR Europe (Ireland) LTD.
• Other names and products not mentioned above may be registered
trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies.

Copyright © 2024 SATIR LTD. All rights reserved.

 Statement
Under normal use and maintenance conditions, we guarantee that all products
are free from material defects and manufacturing process problems. This
guarantee is only provided to the original buyers or end users of authorized
retailers, and is not applicable to any product damage verified by us as caused
by misuse, alteration, negligence, accidental abnormal operation and use.

Our liability on this guarantee is limited, and we can choose whether to refund
the purchase price, repair or replace a defective product returned to our
entrusted service centre within the warranty period.

When warranty service is required, you should contact us in due time for
refund authorization information, and send the product together with a
problem description to our service centre, with the postage and insurance rate
pre-paid.

We are not responsible for damages in transit. After the warranty service, the
product will be sent back to the buyer, with the freight charges pre-paid. If we
determine that the product failure is caused by negligence, misuse, pollution,
alteration, accident or improper operation or treatment, or due to the daily
service wear of machine parts, we will estimate the repair cost, and obtain the
buyer's consent before we repair it. After the repair, the product will be sent
back to the buyer, with freight charges pre-paid. The buyer will receive the bill
for repair and returning freight charges.

We are not responsible for any special, indirect, incidental or subsequent

damage or loss, including data loss due to any reason or reasoning

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 Table Of Contents
Statement ............................................................................................................................................... 1
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................. 2
Safety instruction...................................................................................................................................... 3
Warning................................................................................................................................................... 3
Caution ................................................................................................................................................... 4
1. Functional diagram and technical parameters............................................................................................. 5
1.1 Connection controls.................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Part name and description........................................................................................................... 7
2. Operation instruction.............................................................................................................................. 7
2.1ON/OFF .................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Temperature measurement correction ............................................................................................ 7
2.3 Photographs/videos....................................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Main menu function description ................................................................................................... 8
2.5 Infrared operation instruction ...................................................................................................... 8
2.5.1 PIP (Picture in Picture), image fusion, IMIX ............................................................................ 8
2.5.2 File view and secondary analysis ............................................................................................. 9
2.5.3 Point/line/box/temperature difference analysis ....................................................................... 12
2.5.4 Palette.................................................................................................................................... 13
2.5.5 Digital zoom ......................................................................................................................... 13
2.5.6 Temperature measurement parameter settings........................................................................ 14
2.5.7 Alarm settings ....................................................................................................................... 14
2.5.8 Analysis settings ................................................................................................................... 15
2.5.9 Other settings ........................................................................................................................ 15
2.5.10 System settings ................................................................................................................... 17
2.5.11 Laser ................................................................................................................................... 18
2.5.12 Color scale adjustment ........................................................................................................ 18
2.5.13 Isotherm.............................................................................................................................. 19
2.5.14 Real-time Wi-Fi transmission of instrument videos (optional) ............................................ 200
2.5.15 Real-time GPS positioning of the instrument (optional)...................................................... 222
2.5.16 Laser ranging .................................................................................................................... 222
2.5.17 Auto focus and electric focus .......................................................................................... 233
2.6 Visible light operation instruction ............................................................................................. 245
4. Maintenance and service ........................................................................................................................ 26
4.1 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 26
4.2 Service...................................................................................................................................... 26
Emissivity............................................................................................................................................ 28

2
Safety instruction
Warning indicates conditions and operations that may cause danger to users. Caution
indicates conditions and operation that may cause damage to the product or testes equipment.

Warning

To prevent possible electric shock, fire or personal injury and ensure safe operation of the
product. Please read all safety instructions before using the product. Read all
instructions carefully.
• Do not modify the product and please use it only for specified purposes, otherwise the
protection function provided by the product may be weakened.
• Replace the battery when showing low battery level to prevent incorrect measurement.
• Do not use the product when it works abnormally.
• Do not use the product when it is modified or damaged.
• Disable the product if it is damaged.
• See the emissivity information for actual temperature. Reflective objects will cause the
measured temperature to be lower than the actual one. These objects may pose a risk ofburns.
• Do not place the battery and battery pack near a heat or fire source. Keep out of the sun.
• Do not disassemble or squeeze the battery and battery pack.
• Take out the battery to prevent it from leaking and damaging the product when not using it for
a long time.
• Connect the battery charger to the power socket in front of the charger.
• Please only use the power adapter approved by us to charge the battery.
• Keep the battery and battery pack clean and dry. Clean the connector with a dry and clean
cloth.
• The battery contains dangerous chemicals, which may cause burns or explosions. If
exposed to chemicals, please wash with water or seek medical advice.
• Never disassemble the battery.
• In case of battery leakage, please repair the product before use.
• Use only the external power supply supplied with the product.
• Do not put metal objects into the connector.
• Use only specified spare parts.
• Have the product repaired by an approved technician.
• If the product is not used for a long time or needs to be stored in an
environment with a temperature higher than 50℃, please take out the battery. If the
battery is not removed, the battery leakage may damage the product.
• If the rechargeable battery gets hot during charging (> 50℃), disconnect the
battery charger and move the product or battery to a cool, non-flammable
place.

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• Replace the rechargeable battery after 5 years of moderate use or 2 years of
heavy use. Moderate use is defined as charging twice a week. Heavy use is
defined as daily charging after discharge until the battery is exhausted.
• Do not short-circuit the battery terminals together.
• Do not place the battery or battery pack in a container that may cause short-
circuit of terminals.
• Do not look directly at the laser. Do not direct the laser at people or animals or
illuminate indirectly from the reflecting surface.
• Never use optical tools (such as binoculars, telescopes, microscopes, etc.) to
look directly at the laser.
• Optical tools may focus laser light, which may hurt eyes.
• Do not disassemble the product. Laser beams can hurt eyes. Please repair the
product only through an approved technical service station.
• Do not use laser sight glasses as laser goggles. Laser sight glasses are only
used to better observe laser light in bright light environment.

Caution

Storage and/or continuous operation of the thermal imager at extreme ambient

temperature will cause temporary interruption during its operation. In this case, you
should make the thermal imager stable (cool or hot) before resuming its
operation.

4
1.Functional diagram and technical parameters

1.1 Connection controls

Items Part Names Items Part Names

① SD card slot ⑤ SD card slot cover

Headphone Rechargeable lithium

② ⑥ battery
Jack

③ USB Interface ⑦ Charger

HDMI
④ Interface ⑧ Battery charging base

5
1.2 Part name and description

Items Part Names Items Part Names

① Microphone port ⑧ Power indicator lamp

② Touch display screen ⑨ Wrist strap

③ Temperature ⑩
measurement Laser
correction key
Palette switch
④ key/Auto focus ⑪ Visible light
key
⑤ ON/OFF ⑫ Infrared lens
⑥ Lens cover ⑬ Shoot key
⑦ Lens unlock key ⑭ Battery unlock key

Installation instruction:
Hold [Lens Unlock Key] to unscrew the [Infrared Lens] counterclockwise.
Align the red line on [Infrared Lens] with the red dot on [Lens Unlock Key], and re-
install/replace the new [Infrared Lens] clockwise.
Press 2 [Battery Unlock Keys] at the same time to pull out the battery; When re-installing
the battery, just push the battery into the battery slot until a click sound.

6
2. Operation instruction
2.1 ON/OFF
Hold [ON/OFF] for 3 seconds to start the machine, with the power indicator lamp on
at the same time. The system enters the Infrared Acquisition interface after tens of seconds.
When the machine is in operation, hold [ON/OFF] for 3 seconds, with the power indicator
lamp off and the machine shutdown at the same time.
2.2 Temperature measurement correction
During infrared acquisition, when pressing [Temperature Measurement Correction], the
system will correct temperature measurement once. At this moment, the image will freeze
for about 2 seconds, with "clatter" heard twice inside of the machine. After correction, the
temperature measurement of the system will be more accurate.

If the key is not pressed, the system will automatically perform temperature
measurement correction at intervals.
Note: when the machine is just started, the frequency of automatic temperature measurement
correction is high. After starting the machine for a period of time (about 5 minutes), the internal
temperature of the system gradually stabilizes, and the frequency of automatic temperature
measurement correction will decrease accordingly.

2.3 Photographs/videos
In the normal Data Acquisition interface, when pressing [Shoot], the system will
automatically freeze the current image, and when pressing [Shoot] again, the image will be
automatically saved to the SD card. When the image is frozen, press to give up saving.

Hold [Shoot] to pop up in the interface to start recording a video. Press [Shoot] again
to automatically save the recorded video to the SD card.
Notes:
1. When the image is frozen, the user can add points, lines, frames and other analyses at will, or
perform palette switching, colour scale adjustment and other operations before saving the image.
2. If the function of "Preview Images When Shooting" in "Other Settings" is turned off, pressing
[Shoot] will not display the frozen image but save the current image to the SD card directly
instead.

7
 2.4 Main menu function description

Signal source selection Isotherm

Folder Analysis tools

setting

Laser ranging

Laser
Add analysis
Colour bar hide/display
Palette
Automatic colour scale
adjustment
Digital zoom

2.5 Infrared operation instruction

After starting the machine, the system automatically enters the infrared acquisition mode.
If it is currently in other modes, click to pop up the window,
click to switch to the infrared acquisition mode.

2.5.1 PIP (Picture in Picture), image fusion, IMIX

The instrument provides IR-visible PIP display to show the infrared image area in the visible
image. Please enter the IR-visible PIP display interface by clicking , as shown in the
figure below:

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 Click to enter IR-visible image fusion display to achieve the overlapping
display of infrared images and visible light, thus resulting in the effect of IR-visible
fusion display, as shown in the figure below:

Click to enter the IMIX display interface, obtain the edge contour of each object
in the field of view through visible light and superimpose it onto the infrared image, as
shown in the figure below:

2.5.2 File view and secondary analysis

Click to pop up the window shown above, click (Image) or
(Video) to view the "image" or "video" information saved in the SD card. The folder
named after "time serial number" contains images taken in the normal mode, and
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the folder named after "line or substation, etc.", such as "XX substation" contain
images taken in the smart mode.

1) Viewing and deletion of videos

A video will be recorded when holding the Shoot key of the machine. The recorded
video only supports to view through PC software rather than secondary
analysis. The video files on the machine can only be viewed and deleted, but cannot
be played, as shown in the following figure/

2) Viewing and secondary analysis of images

When reviewing an image, hold it to pop up 4 operation options as shown in the

above figure. Click to select all images in the current folder, click to
restore the original state, click to delete the selected image. Click an image to enter
the interface of Secondary Analysis, Viewing and Deletion of images, as shown
below.

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 Return Fast forward to first image

Add point analysis Previous image

Next image
Add line analysis

Fast forward to last image

Add box analysis

Palette Colour bar hide/display

Rename
Automatic colour scale adjustment

Image name display of . is to add text annotations to

an image. is to add preset text annotations to an image. is to add audio
annotations to an image. is to save the current analysis information of an
image. is to delete the current image. Click this button to rename the
picture or name it by scanning the QR code of the device, as shown in the figure
below.

Scan the QR code of the device.

11
 Get QR code string for renaming.

2.5.3 Point/line/box/temperature difference analysis

Click to pop up in the interface, click centre point, points,
lines and boxes respectively to add any number of "point analysis/line analysis/
box analysis" on the infrared image, as shown in the following figure.

After clicking , the temperature difference analysis is enabled, which can display the
temperature difference analysis of maximum or minimum temperatures of multiple analysis
boxes of the same type, as shown in the following figure.

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2.5.4 Palette

Click to pop up such ten buttons as in the interface. Select

any one of the buttons to switch the corresponding palette image immediately with the infrared image.

2.5.5 Digital zoom

Click to pop up such six buttons as in the interface, select
one of them to zoom the infrared image in the centre of the screen by a corresponding
multiple. Long press to continuously zoom in or out the infrared image by 0.1x.

13
2.5.6 Temperature measurement parameter settings

Click to pop up the above window, select (Temperature

Measurement Parameters) to set the temperature measurement parameters.
Lens type: select and set according to the actual lens type, which shall be selected when
changing the lens.
Temperature measurement range: low and medium temperature ranges;
Temperature measurement range switching: when "automatic" is selected, the machine
will automatically switch the temperature range and change the measuring range
according to the temperature of the target object; when "manual" is selected, it is necessary
to manually switch the measuring range if the target object is not in the current
temperature range.
Temperature unit: Degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit;
Emissivity: set according to the emissivity of the target object;
Relative humidity: set according to the field environment;
Distance: set according to the actual distance from the target object;
Ambient temperature: set according to the field environment.
Note: The temperature measurement parameters shall be set according to the actual
situation of the target, because these parameters will affect the accuracy of the system
temperature measurement.

2.5.7 Alarm settings

Click to enter the System Settings interface and select "alarm settings".
Now set the alarm conditions for "point/line/frame" added in the infrared image.
After enabling the alarm function, when the temperature of "point/line/frame"
reaches the alarm conditions set by the user, the "point/line/frame" in the
image will flash with an alarm sound. See the figure for specific settings.

14
2.5.8 Analysis settings

Click the button in the right column of the main menu, with the interface
quickly switched to the Analysis Settings interface. Now set the temperature types
(maximum temperature, minimum temperature and average temperature) to be
displayed for the added "points/lines/frames" in the infrared image, or select whether
to display full-screen maximum temperature and minimum temperatures. See the above
figure for the specific settings.

2.5.9 Other settings

Click other setting functions, and the interface will switch to other setting interfaces. Then
you can set such parameters as saved image format, system time and screen brightness.

15
You can set “Weather”, “Wind Speed”, “Voltage” and “Load Current” according
to actual site conditions, or leave them blank. “Preset text”: You can input preset text
into instrument according to site conditions. While performing site operation, preset
text for image notes to save time.

“Isotherm colour”: Adjust the colour of isotherm.

“Image format”: Provide three formats, including PNG/JPG/State Grid JPG. In detail,
PNG is the format for optimized infrared images, JPG for common infrared images and
State Grid JPG for the images of State Grid format (which can be analysed by the software
of State Grid).

“Video format”: Provide “H.246” video, which can be viewed. “Total

radiation infrared video” is full-pixel infrared video, which can not only be viewed but also
reedited. The video file in this format has a large size.
16
“Image fusion level”: Select an appropriate level of distance to acquire the best fusion effect.

2.5.10 System settings

Click the System Setting button to set other parameters of the system.

After the function “Simultaneously Save Photo” is enabled, the instrument will
automatically capture visible lights while shooting infrared images. When this function
is not enabled, visible light will not be saved.
After the function “Preview Before Save” is enabled, the image will be frozen when
shooting and then saved to the instrument by pressing the Shoot button.
After the function “Show Analysis Of Shooting” is enabled, the infrared video interface
of the instrument will display a cross scale and shooting frame to assist the instrument user
in shooting images.
17
After the function “Flash Strobe (Shooting) ” is enabled, the instrument will flash to
provide additional lights for visible lights while shooting images.
After the function “Open The Electric Torch” is enabled, the instrument can help illuminate
the detection environment..
After the function “Flash Strobe (Shooting) ” is enabled, the instrument will flash to
provide additional lights for visible lights while shooting images.
After the function “Soft keypad” is enabled, the instrument will pop up three soft keypads,
including Temperature Calibration button , Shoot button and Video Recording
button . When the physical buttons are abnormal, you can use these soft keypads.
After “HDMI” video output setting is enabled, the real-time video of the
instrument is output to a computer or other display devices through HDMI of the
instrument.

2.5.11 Laser

In the main interface of the instrument, select to emit a laser beam from the laser
port, and deselect it to turn off the laser. This function is used to prompt the user
about the shooting target corresponding to the current image.
Warning: laser beams will hurt eyes. Please do not aim laser beam at eyes!

2.5.12 Colour scale adjustment

Click to hide/display the colour bar.
Click , the system will automatically adjust the colour scale according to the
current temperature of the whole image. If the image effect after automatic colour scale
18
does not meet the user's requirements, the user may also manually adjust the colour
scale by moving the buttons and at the two white circles in the
following figure. See the following figure for the effect of manually adjusting
colour scale:

Thermal IR image of automatically adjusting colour scale

Thermal IR image of manually adjusting colour scale

2.5.13 Isotherm
Click to start isotherm analysis, that is, to use the same colour to express
the temperature data distribution of a certain temperature interval, so as to better
view the specific distribution of the concerned temperature interval in the
image. As shown in the following figure, in the middle of the left
colour bar indicates the interval position of isotherm colour in the
colour scale, with the upper limit of 11.9℃ and the lower limit of
1.9℃, indicating that the temperature range of isotherm is 1.9℃-11.9℃ .

19
2.5.14 Real-time Wi-Fi transmission of instrument videos (optional)
(1) Enable Native Hotspot can be enabled through the system settings of the instrument. See
the figure below for details:

(2) Decompress and download the software on the mobile phone, connect the hot
spot of the thermal camera on the mobile phone, open the software after the connection is
successful, and the software interface is shown in the figure. When the thermal camera screen
is in the main interface, the current picture of the machine can be displayed in the mobile
phone software.

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 Take
photo

Video

(3) In the software, click the gallery function, click Bluetooth until an image appears, and
then click the image function. Click the image you want to analyse and add an analysis tool.
After adding the required analysis tool, click Save and then click Return. Then click to save
the picture of the analysis tool, click to generate report function, select a text reading software
of the mobile phone, you can get the analysis report.

Album
②

③
⑦
Bluetooth
①

Data
transmission

Share

Analysis tools
④

Cloud
Rename image

Generate
⑧ reports

21

Cloud
Back ⑦

Save ⑥ ⑤

Setting

2.5.15 Real-time GPS positioning of the instrument (optional)

GPS function can be enabled through the system settings of the instrument. Then you can
view the real-time GPS information on the instrument screen. The shooting instrument
will automatically embed GPS information into images. See the figure below for the
effect of real-time view:
Cloud

2.5.16 Laser ranging

Click the button, and the laser ranging function is enabled. The red cross target
position at the screen centre is used for the positioning of laser ranging.
While measuring a target, try to keep the centre of red cross at the location of
target. The measured distance is displayed in the upper left part. If“NA” appears,
abnormal laser ranging has occurred. As for the laser ranging greater than 1.7m, try to aim
the red cross at the centre of target. If the ranging distance is less than
1.7m, try to aim the red cross at the location above the centre.

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2.5.17 Auto focus and electric focus

Press Auto focus key , the device will according to the object to focusing,
there is a black rectangle display on screen during focusing as follow figure.

Electric Focus Function: Enable Electric Focus Toolbar function can be

enabled through the system settings of the instrument. In the main menu
interface, press to execute zoom in/out as following figure.

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2.6 Visible light operation instruction

Click to pop up the window , click to enter the visible light shoot
mode, as shown in the above figure. The method of saving visible light data and viewing
files is the same as that of infrared.

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3. Field use
After starting the machine, remove the lens cover, and start working after the
system enters the Infrared Acquisition interface. The operation method is as
follows:
1. Parameter settings: adjust the temperature measurement parameters
(emissivity, relative humidity, distance and ambient temperature) according
to the actual situation on site. Among these parameters, the setting of
emissivity is the most critical and has the greatest influence on the
temperature measurement accuracy.
Notes:
1) The emissivity of power equipment is taken as 0.9 during general inspection. For
accurate detection, 0.95 is taken for silicone rubber (including RTV and HTV),
with 0.92 for electrical porcelain and 0.9 for oxidized metal wires and metal
connectors. Please refer to the Annex for the emissivity of more materials.
2) When the shooting object is a metal surface capable of reflecting light (such as
stainless steel), an insulating tape (3M electrical insulating tape is recommended,
black, emissivity: 0.93) may be attached to the surface of the object for a period
of time. After the temperature of the object is the same as that of the tape, the
test will be carried out, with the emissivity of the tape set to 0.93.
3) The temperature measurement range selected by the machine is -20℃~150℃ by
default. If the temperature of the target object is higher than 150℃, the medium
temperature level must be selected manually or automatically.

2. Focusing: turn the manual focusing ring at the front end of the lens to make
the measured target in the clearest state in the image. Poor focusing
will lead to a lower measured temperature.
3. Temperature measurement: the temperature of the target object can be
displayed in real time by adding temperature analysis points/lines/frames
in the infrared image of the target object.
Note: when measuring temperatures, it is necessary to select the appropriate shooting
distance. If the proportion of the target in the whole image is too small, the
accuracy of temperature measurement will be affected.

4. Data recording: keep the machine stable and press [Shoot] to save the
infrared data to the SD card.
Note: If it is required to save visible light images at the same time, turn on "Save
Infrared and Visible Light at the Same Time" in "Other Settings".
5) When shooting an image, analyse the image again after it is frozen, with the
method same as that of "Secondary Analysis of File Viewing". refers to
adding text annotations to an image. refers to adding preset text
annotations to an image refers to adding audio annotations to an image,
refers to saving the current analysis information of an image. refers to
deleting the current image.

25
4. Maintenance and service
4.1 Maintenance
The thermal imager needs no maintenance. To prevent human eyes or body injury, please do not
disassemble the product. Laser beams can hurt eyes. Please repair the product only through an
approved technical service station.

4.2 Service
Enclosure service:
Clean the enclosure with a wet cloth or mild soap solution. Do not use abrasives, isopropanol or
solvents to clean the enclosure.

Lens service:
Prevent damage to infrared lens:
• Clean the infrared lens carefully. The lens has a fine anti-reflection coating.
• Do not clean the lens with force, as this will damage the anti-reflection coating.

To clean the lens:

• Use a compressed air tank or dry nitrogen ion gun (if applicable) to blow off the particles on
the lens surface.
• Immerse the lint-free cloth in commercially available lens cleaning solution containing
alcohol, ethanol or isopropanol.
• Screw off the excess liquid in the cloth.
• Wipe the lens surface in a circular motion, and then discard the cloth strip.
• If necessary, repeat the above steps with a new lint-free cloth.

Battery service:
Prevent personal injury and operate the product safely:
• Do not place the battery and battery pack near a heat or fire source. Keep out of the sun.
• Do not disassemble or squeeze the battery and battery pack.
• Take out the battery to prevent it from leaking and damaging the product when not using
it for a long time.
• Connect the battery charger to the power socket in front of the charger. . Please use
only the power adapter approved by us to charge the battery.
• Keep the battery and battery pack clean and dry. Clean the connector with a dry and clean
cloth.

To prevent damage, please do not expose the product to heat sources or high temperature
environments (such as unattended vehicles in the sun).
To maximize the performance of lithium-ion batteries:
26
• Do not charge the machine for more than 24 hours, otherwise the battery life may be
shortened.
• Charge the machine for at least two hours every six months to maximize the battery life.
• When not in use, the battery will self-discharge after about six months. Long- term storage of
batteries requires two to ten charging cycles to reach the maximum capacity.

Use the battery charging base to charge the battery:

• Connect the AC power supply to the AC socket on the wall, and connect the DC output to the
battery charging base.
• Put one or two smart batteries in the battery charging base.
• Charge the battery until the LED charging indicator lamp on the charging base turns green
continuously.
• After the battery is fully charged, take out the smart battery and disconnect the power supply.

27
Annex : Emissivity Table of Common Materials

Emissivity
Materials Temperature (℃)
Approximation
Metals

Aluminium

Polished aluminium 100 0.09

Commercial aluminium
100 0.09
foil
Mild alumina 25~600 0.10~0.20

Strong alumina 25~600 0.30~0.40

Brass
Brass mirror (highly
28 0.03
polished)
Oxidized brass 200~600 0.59~0.61

Chromium

Polished chromium 40~1090 0.08~0.36

Copper

Copper mirror 100 0.05

Strong copper oxide 25 0.078

Cuprous oxide 800~1100 0.66~0.54

Copper water 1080~1280 0.16~0.13

Gold

Gold mirror 230~630 0.02

Iron

Polished cast iron 200 0.21

Machined cast iron 20 0.44

Completely rusty
20 0.69
surface
Cast iron (oxidized at
198~600 0.64~0.74
600℃)
Electrolytic iron oxide 125~520 0.78~0.82

Iron oxide 500~1200 0.85~0.89

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 Iron plate 925~1120 0.87~0.95
Cast iron, heavy iron
25 0.8
oxide
Melted surface 22 0.94

Melted cast iron 1300~1400 0.29

Pure iron water 1515~1680 0.42~0.45

Steel (oxidized at 600℃)

Oxidized steel 100 0.74

1600~180
Melted low carbon steel 0.28
0
1500~165
Molten steel 0.42~0.53
0
Lead
Pure lead (non-
125~225 0.06~0.08
oxidized)
Slightly oxidized 25~300 0.20~0.45

Magnesium

Magnesium oxide 275~825 0.55~0.20

Mercury

Mercury 0~100 0.09~0.12

Nickel
Electroplating &
25 0.05
polishing
Electroplating without
20 0.01
polishing
Nickel wire 185~1010 0.09~0.19

Nickel plate (oxidized) 198~600 0.37~0.48

Nickel oxide 650~1255 0.59~0.86

Nickel alloy
Nickel-chromium (heat-
resistant) alloy wire 50~1000 0.65~0.79
(bright)
Nichrome 50~1040 0.64~0.76
Nickel-chromium (heat
50~500 0.95~0.98
resistant)

29
 Silver

Polished silver 100 0.05

Stainless steel

18-8 25 0.16

304 (8Cr, 18Ni) 215~490 0.44~0.36

310 (25Cr, 20Ni) 215~520 0.90~0.97

Tin

Commercial tin plate 100 0.07

Zinc

Oxidized at 400℃ 400 0.01

Galvanized bright iron
28 0.23
plate
Gray zinc oxide 25 0.28

Emission
Materials Temperature (℃)
approximation
Non metallic

Brick 1100 0.75

Refractory brick 1100 0.75

Graphite (lamp black) 96~225 0.95

Enamel (white) 18 0.9

Asphalt 0~200 0.85

Glass (surface) 23 0.94

Heat resistant glass 200~540 0.85~0.95

Calcimine 20 0.9

Oak 20 0.9

Carbon sheet 0.85

Insulating sheet 0.91~0.90

Sheet metal 0.88~0.90

Glass tube 0.9

Coil type 0.87

30
 Enamelware 0.9

Enamel pattern 0.83~0.95

Solid materials 0.80~0.93

Capacitor

Rotary type 0.30~0.34

Ceramic (bottle type) 0.9

Film 0.90~0.93

Mica 0.94~0.95

Liquid tank mica 0.90~0.93

Glass 0.91~0.92

Semiconductor
Transistor (plastic
0.80~0.90
packaged)
Transistor (metal) 0.30~0.40

Diode 0.89~0.90

Transmission coil

Pulse transmission 0.91~0.92

Flat chalk 0.88~0.93

Top ring 0.91~0.92

Electronic material

Epoxy glass plate 0.86

Epoxy phenol board 0.8

Gold plated copper
0.3
sheet
Solder-coated copper 0.35

Tin-coated lead wire 0.28

Copper wire 0.87~0.88

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