97.5/100 = 97.

5%

Assignment 2.4
1. Find the derivative of each function
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 13𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 75
GIVEN
𝑓(𝑥) = 13𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 75

REQUIRED
𝑓′(𝑥)

ANALYSIS
𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1

SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = (13 × 4)𝑥 4−1 − (7 × 3)𝑥 3−1 + (5 × 2)𝑥 2−1 (11 × 1)𝑥 1−1 + (75 × 0)
𝑓′(𝑥) = 52𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 11

STATEMENT
The derivative of function 𝑓(𝑥) = 13𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 75 is𝑓′(𝑥) = 52𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 +
10𝑥 + 11

b. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 4)(𝑥 4 − 3)
GIVEN
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 4)(𝑥 4 − 3)

REQUIRED
𝑓′(𝑥)

ANALYSIS
𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑎′(𝑥) × 𝑏(𝑥) + 𝑎(𝑥) × 𝑏′(𝑥)

SOLUTION
𝑎′(𝑥) = (3 × 1)𝑥 3−1 + (2 × 2)𝑥 2−1 + (4 × 0)
= 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
𝑏′(𝑥) = (4 × 1)𝑥 4−1 − (3 × 0)
= 4𝑥 3
𝑓′(𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥) × (𝑥 4 − 3) + (𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 4) × 4𝑥 3
𝑓′(𝑥) = 3𝑥 6 + 4𝑥 5 − 9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 4𝑥 6 + 8𝑥 5 + 16𝑥 3
𝑓′(𝑥) = 7𝑥 6 + 12𝑥 5 + 16𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥

STATEMENT
The derivative of function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 4)(𝑥 4 − 3) is𝑓′(𝑥) = 7𝑥 6 + 12𝑥 5 + 16𝑥 3 −
9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥

3𝑥 2 −6𝑥+7
c. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥−1
GIVEN
3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 7
𝑓(𝑥) =
4𝑥 − 1

REQUIRED
𝑓′(𝑥)

ANALYSIS
𝑓′(𝑥) × 𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥) × 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥) =
[𝑔(𝑥)]2

SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = (3 × 2)𝑥 2−1 − (6 × 1)𝑥 1−1 + (7 × 0)
= 6𝑥 − 6
𝑔′(𝑥) = (4 × 1)𝑥 1−1 + (1 × 0)
= 4
(6𝑥 − 6) × (4𝑥 − 1) − (3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 7) × (4)
𝑓′(𝑥) =
[4𝑥 − 1]2
24𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 6 − 12𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 − 28
𝑓′(𝑥) =
[4𝑥 − 1]2
12𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 22
𝑓′(𝑥) =
[4𝑥 − 1]2

STATEMENT
3𝑥 2 −6𝑥+7 12𝑥 2 −6𝑥−22
The derivative of function 𝑓(𝑥) = is 𝑓′(𝑥) =
4𝑥−1 [4𝑥−1]2

d. 𝑓(𝑥) = (4𝑥 3 − 7𝑥)7

GIVEN
𝑓(𝑥) = (4𝑥 3 − 7𝑥)7

REQUIRED
𝑓′(𝑥)

ANALYSIS
 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑓′(𝑔(𝑥)). 𝑔′(𝑥)

SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = (7 × 1)𝑥 7−1 = 7𝑥 6
𝑔′(𝑥) = (4 × 3)𝑥 3−1 − (7 × 1)𝑥 1−1 = 12𝑥 2 − 7
𝑓′(𝑥) = 7(4𝑥 3 − 7𝑥)6 (12𝑥 2 − 7)

STATEMENT
The derivative of function 𝑓(𝑥) = (4𝑥 3 − 7𝑥)7 is 𝑓′(𝑥) = 7(4𝑥 3 − 7𝑥)6 (12𝑥 2 − 7)

e. 12 = 𝑦 3 + 𝑥 2
GIVEN
12 = 𝑦 3 + 𝑥 2

REQUIRED
𝑓′(𝑥)

ANALYSIS
𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1

SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = 12 × 0 = 0
𝑓′(𝑥) = (3 × 1)𝑦 3−1 + (2 × 1)𝑥 2−1
𝑑𝑦
𝑓′(𝑥) = 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
0 = 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥
=− 2
𝑑𝑥 3𝑦
STATEMENT
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥
The derivative of function 12 = 𝑦 3 + 𝑥 2 is 𝑑𝑥 = − 3𝑦 2

f. 𝑓(𝑥) = 156
GIVEN
𝑓(𝑥) = 156

REQUIRED
𝑓′(𝑥)

ANALYSIS
 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1

SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = 156 × 0 = 0
𝑓′(𝑥) = 0

STATEMENT
The derivative of function𝑓(𝑥) = 156 is 𝑓′(𝑥) = 0

g. 𝑓(𝑥) = (1 − 3𝑥)2 (𝑥 2 − 2)3

GIVEN
𝑓(𝑥) = (1 − 3𝑥)2 (𝑥 2 − 2)3

REQUIRED
𝑓′(𝑥)

ANALYSIS
𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑓′(𝑔(𝑥)). 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑓′(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔′(𝑥)

SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2(1 − 3𝑥). (−3) = −6(1 − 3𝑥)
𝑔′(𝑥) = 3(𝑥 2 − 2)2 . (2𝑥)
= [−6(1 − 3𝑥)][(𝑥 2 − 2)3 ] + [(1 − 3𝑥)2 ][6𝑥(𝑥 2 − 2)2 ]
𝑓′(𝑥) = (1 − 3)(𝑥 2 − 2)2 [−6(𝑥 2 − 2) + 6𝑥(1 − 3𝑥)]
−6𝑥 2 + 12 + 6𝑥 − 18𝑥 2 = −24𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 12
−6(4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2)
𝑓′(𝑥) = −6(1 − 3𝑥)(𝑥 2 − 2)2 (4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2)

STATEMENT
The derivative of function 𝑓(𝑥) = (1 − 3𝑥)2 (𝑥 2 − 2)3 is 𝑓′(𝑥) = −6(1 − 3𝑥)(𝑥 2 − 2)2 (4𝑥 2 −
𝑥 − 2)

(2𝑥 2 +1)2
h. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( )
3𝑥 3 +1
GIVEN
2𝑥 2 + 1 2
𝑓(𝑥) = ( 3 )
3𝑥 + 1

REQUIRED
 𝑓′(𝑥)

ANALYSIS
𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑓′(𝑔(𝑥)). 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥) × 𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥) × 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥) =
[𝑔(𝑥)]2

SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = 4𝑥
𝑔′(𝑥) = 9𝑥 2
4𝑥(3𝑥 3 + 1) − (2𝑥 2 + 1)9𝑥 2 12𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 − 18𝑥 4 − 9𝑥 2 −6𝑥 4 − 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
𝑔′(𝑥) = = =
(3𝑥 3 + 1)2 (3𝑥 3 + 1)2 (3𝑥 3 + 1)2
2𝑥 2 + 1
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2( 3 )
3𝑥 + 1
2𝑥 2 + 1 −6𝑥 4 − 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2( 3 ).
3𝑥 + 1 (3𝑥 3 + 1)2
STATEMENT
Simplify fully.
2𝑥 2 +1 2𝑥 2 +1 −6𝑥 4 −9𝑥 2 +4𝑥
The derivative of function 𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 3+1)2 is 𝑓′(𝑥) = 2(3𝑥 3 +1). (3𝑥 3 +1)2

i. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 3)(5 − 𝑥)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1)

GIVEN
𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 3)(5 − 𝑥)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1)

REQUIRED
𝑓′(𝑥)
ANALYSIS
𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑓′(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔′(𝑥)

SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = (2)(−1)(2𝑥 + 2)
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2(5 − 𝑥)(𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 1) + (2𝑥 − 3)(−1)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1) + (2𝑥 − 3)(5 − 𝑥)(2𝑥 + 2)
2

First term
2(5 − 𝑥)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1) = 2(5𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 5 − 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥)
−2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 2 + 22𝑥 − 10
Second term
(2𝑥 − 3)(−1)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1)
−(2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1)
−2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 3
Third term
(2𝑥 − 3)(5 − 𝑥)(2𝑥 + 2)
10𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 − 15 + 3𝑥
−2𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 15
(−2𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 15)(2𝑥 + 2)
−4𝑥 3 + 22𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 30

(−2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 2 + 22𝑥 − 10)(−2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 3)(−4𝑥 3 + 22𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 30)

𝑓′(𝑥) = −8𝑥 3 + 27𝑥 2 + 26𝑥 − 43

STATEMENT
The derivative of function𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 3)(5 − 𝑥)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1) is 𝑓′(𝑥) = −8𝑥 3 + 27𝑥 2 +
26𝑥 − 43

2. Find 𝑓′′ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4)8

GIVEN
𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4)8

REQUIRED
𝑓′′(𝑥)
ANALYSIS
Using chain rule and product rule
SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 7
𝑓′(𝑥) = 8(3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4)7
𝑓′′(𝑥) = 56(3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4)6
𝑓′′(𝑥) = 6
𝑓′′(𝑥) = [56(3𝑥 − 7𝑥 + 4) (6𝑥 − 7)] × (6𝑥 − 7) + [8(3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4)7 ] × 6
2 6

𝑓′′(𝑥) = 56(3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4)6 (6𝑥 − 7)2 + 48(3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4)7

STATEMENT
The second derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4)8 is 56(3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4)6 (6𝑥 − 7)2 + 48(3𝑥 2 −
7𝑥 + 4)7 Factor and simplify.

3. Find the third derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 12𝑥 10 − 3𝑥 7 + 4𝑥 5 + 5𝑥 2 + 6

GIVEN
𝑓(𝑥) = 12𝑥 10 − 3𝑥 7 + 4𝑥 5 + 5𝑥 2 + 6

REQUIRED
 𝑓′′′(𝑥)
ANALYSIS
𝑓 𝑛′ (𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = 120𝑥 9 − 21𝑥 6 + 20𝑥 4 + 10𝑥
𝑓′′(𝑥) = 1080𝑥 8 − 126𝑥 5 + 80𝑥 3 + 10
𝑓′′′(𝑥) = 8640𝑥 7 − 630𝑥 4 + 240𝑥 2
STATEMENT
The third derivative of function 𝑓(𝑥) = 12𝑥 10 − 3𝑥 7 + 4𝑥 5 + 5𝑥 2 + 6 is 𝑓′′′(𝑥) = 8640𝑥 7 −
630𝑥 4 + 240𝑥 2

4. Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3 at the point (5, 18)
GIVEN
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3
(5, 18)
m=8

REQUIRED
Equation of the tangent line

ANALYSIS
𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )

SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2
𝑦 − 18 = 8(𝑥 − 5)
𝑦 − 18 = 8𝑥 − 40
𝑦 = 8𝑥 − 40 + 18
𝑦 = 8𝑥 − 22
STATEMENT
the equation of the tangent line to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3 at the point (5, 18) is 𝑦 = 8𝑥 − 22

5. Find the point on the parabola 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 where the slope of the tangent is 5, and
graph the parabola and its tangent line using technology.
GIVEN
𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4
m=5

REQUIRED
graph the parabola and its tangent line

ANALYSIS
We find the derivative function first, then we use Desmos to graph the functions.

SOLUTION
𝑓′(𝑥) = −2𝑥 + 3
−2𝑥 + 3 = 5
−2𝑥 = 5 − 3
−2𝑥 = 2
𝑥 = −1
𝑦 = −(−1)2 + 3(−1) + 4
𝑦=0
The point has a slope of 5 is (-1, 0)
𝑦 − 0 = 5(𝑥 + 1)
𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 5

6. Give one example of real-life positive rate of change, and one example of a real-life negative
rate of change. Include approximate values and units.
Positive Rate of Change Example: Population Growth

● Scenario: The population of a city is increasing over time.

● Approximate Values: Thessaloniki, Greece city with a population of 500,000 people
growing at a rate of 2% per year.
● Units: The rate of change is people per year.

In this case, the population grows by about 10,000 people each year 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 =
500000 × 0.02 = 10000. So, the positive rate of change is 10,000 people per year.

Negative Rate of Change Example: Water Level in a Reservoir

● Scenario: The water level in a reservoir is decreasing due to evaporation and usage.
● Approximate Values: Suppose the water level in Purdy Water Access Point reservoir
drops by 5 meters over 6 months.
● Units: The rate of change is meters per month.

−5
The water level is dropping by approximately 0.83 meters each month 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = =
6
−0.83. So the negative rate of change is -0.83 meters per month.

7. A vehicle is described as travelling at -35km/h. What are two ways this measurement could be
interpreted?

The vehicle is traveling in reverse. The negative sign just means that things are moving
backward, not forward. So, instead of moving forward at 35 km/h, it's moving in the opposite
direction. The vehicle's speed is measured relative to another moving object or reference point. If
the reference point is moving in the opposite direction, the vehicle's speed might be negative to
indicate this relative motion.

𝑑𝑉
8. If 𝑉 represents the volume of an object, what does represent?
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉
If > 0, the volume is increasing overtime
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉
If < 0, the volume is decreasing overtime
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉
If = 0, the volume is constant, no change.
𝑑𝑡

9. A construction worker accidentally drops a hammer from a height of 90m while working on
the roof of an apartment building. The height, 𝑠, in metres, the hammer after t seconds can be
modelled by the function. 𝑠(𝑡) = 90 − 4.9𝑡 2 , 𝑡 > 0

a. Determine the velocity of the hammer at 1s and 4s

GIVEN
𝑠(𝑡) = 90 − 4.9𝑡 2 , 𝑡 > 0
t= 1, 4
REQUIRED
Velocity of the hammer at 1s and 4s

ANALYSIS
To find the velocity, we need the derivative of s(t) with respect to t

SOLUTION
𝑠′(𝑡) = −9.8𝑡
𝑠(1) = −9.8 × 1 = −9.8 𝑚/𝑠
𝑠(4) = −9.8 × 4 = −39.2 𝑚/𝑠

STATEMENT
The velocity of the hammer at 1 second is −9.8 m/s, and at 4 seconds it
is −39.2 m/s.

b. When will the hammer hit the ground

GIVEN
𝑠(𝑡) = 90 − 4.9𝑡 2 , 𝑡 > 0
𝑠(𝑡) = 0
REQUIRED
The time when the hammer hits the ground

ANALYSIS
90 − 4.9𝑡 2 = 0

SOLUTION
90 − 4,9𝑡 2 = 0
90 − 4.9𝑡 2
𝑡1 = 4,29𝑠, 𝑡2 = −4,29𝑠

STATEMENT
The hammer will hit the ground approximately 4.29 seconds after it is dropped.

c. Determine the impact velocity of the hammer

GIVEN
𝑠(𝑡) = −9.8𝑡
𝑡 = 4,29𝑠
REQUIRED
the impact velocity of the hammer

ANALYSIS
Substitute the travel time to velocity equation

SOLUTION
𝑚 = −9.8 × 4.29 = −42.04 𝑚/𝑠
STATEMENT
The impact velocity of the hammer is approximately −42.04 𝑚/𝑠.

10. The motion of a particle is described by the position function

𝑠(𝑡) = 2𝑡 3 − 15𝑡 2 + 33𝑡 + 17, 𝑡 > 0 where t is measured in days and 𝑠(𝑡) in millimetres
a. When is the particle at rest
GIVEN
𝑠(𝑡) = 2𝑡 3 − 15𝑡 2 + 33𝑡 + 17, 𝑡 > 0
𝑠(𝑡) = 0
REQUIRED
the particle at rest

ANALYSIS
Find the derivative of the function then equal to zero
SOLUTION
𝑠′(𝑡) = 6𝑡 2 − 30𝑡 + 33
6𝑡 2 − 30𝑡 + 33 = 0
𝑡1 = 3.37 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠, 𝑡2 = 1.63 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

STATEMENT
The particle is at rest at approximately 𝑡 ≈ 𝑑𝑎𝑦 3 and 𝑡 ≈ 𝑑𝑎𝑦 2.

b. When is the velocity positive

GIVEN
𝑠(𝑡) = 6𝑡 2 − 30𝑡 + 33
𝑡 = 1.63 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 = 3.37

REQUIRED
When is the velocity positive

ANALYSIS
 Find the derivative function, which is the velocity equation. Then we find the plug interval points
of 𝑡 < 1.63, 1.63 < 𝑡 < 3.37 and 𝑡 > 3.37. This will indicate when the velocity is positive

SOLUTION

𝑥1 𝑥 𝑣(𝑡) = 6𝑡 2 − 30𝑡 + 33 Direction

0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 1.6 1 𝑠(1) = 6(1)2 − 30(1) + 33 = 9 positive

1.6 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 3.4 2 𝑠(2) = 6(2)2 − 30(2) + 33 = −3 negative

𝑡≥4 4 𝑠(4) = 6(4)2 − 30(4) + 33 = 9 positive

For 𝑡 < 1.63: 𝑠𝑜 𝑡 = 1

𝑠(1) = 6(1)2 − 30(1) + 33 = 9
For 1.63 < 𝑡 < 3.37: 𝑠𝑜 𝑡 = 2
𝑠(2) = 6(2)2 − 30(2) + 33 = −3
For 𝑡 > 3.37: 𝑠𝑜 𝑡 = 4
𝑠(4) = 6(4)2 − 30(4) + 33 = 9

STATEMENT
The velocity is positive when t < 1.63 and t > 3.37

c. Draw a diagram, or describe a diagram in words, to illustrate the motion of the particle in
the first 5 days.
 d. Find the total distance travelled in the first 5 days
GIVEN
𝑠(𝑡) = 2𝑡 3 − 15𝑡 2 + 33𝑡 + 17, 𝑡 > 0
𝑡 = 0, 1.63, 3.37, 5
REQUIRED
Distance travelled (in millimeters)

ANALYSIS
The first 5 days splits into 3 intervals, [0, 1.63], [1.63, 3.37] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 [3.37, 5]. After that we calculate
the distance at the time from each point 𝑡 = 0, 1.63, 3.37, 5. Then we minus distance from each
interval to find distance. Finally, we combine all distances that the light moves.

SOLUTION
𝑠(0) = 2(0)3 − 15(0)2 + 33(0) + 17 = 17
𝑠(1.63) = 2(1.63)3 − 15(1.63)2 + 33(1.63) + 17 = 39.55
𝑠(3.37) = 2(3.37)3 − 15(3.37)2 + 33(3.37) + 17 = 34.28
𝑠(5) = 2(5)3 − 15(5)2 + 33(5) + 17 = 57
𝑑0−1.63 = |39.55 − 17| = 22.55
𝑑1.63−3.37 = |39.55 − 34. | = 5.27
𝑑3.37−5 = |57 − 34.28| = 22.72
22.55 + 5.27 + 22.72 = 50.5

STATEMENT
the total distance travelled in the first 5 days is 50.5mm

11. A snowball melts so that its radius decreases by 0.2 cm/min. Find the rate at which the
surface area decreases when the radius is 4 cm. 𝑆𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 2
GIVEN
radius decreases by 0.2 cm/min
𝑆𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 2
r = 4 cm
REQUIRED
The rate at which the surface area decrease

ANALYSIS
𝑑(𝑆𝐴)
We need to find the rate at which the surface area is decreasing , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟 = 4𝑐𝑚. Then
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑟
substitute 𝑑𝑡 = −0.2𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛.

SOLUTION
𝑑(𝑆𝐴) 𝑑𝑟
= 4𝜋. 2𝑟
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
 𝑑(𝑆𝐴) 𝑑𝑟
= 8𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑆𝐴)
= 8𝜋 × 4 × −0.2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑆𝐴)
= −6.4𝜋
𝑑𝑡
−6.4𝜋 = −20.1
Avoid using the term "decrease" and a negative
STATEMENT rate in the same statement.
2
the surface area decreases at a rate of approximately −20.1𝑐𝑚 /𝑚𝑖𝑛

12. For the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 9, determine the values of a and b so that
𝑓(−1) = 12 and 𝑓′(−1) = 3
GIVEN
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 9
𝑓(−1) = 12
𝑓′(−1) = 3
REQUIRED
Values of a and b

ANALYSIS
Substitute f and f’ into equation

SOLUTION
𝑓(−1) = 𝑎(−1)3 + 𝑏(−1)2 − 5(−1) + 9 = −𝑎 + 𝑏 + 14
−𝑎 + 𝑏 + 14 = 12
−𝑎 + 𝑏 = −2
𝑓′(−1) = 3𝑎(−1)2 + 2𝑏(−1) − 5 = 3𝑎 − 2𝑏 − 5
3𝑎 − 2𝑏 − 5 = 3
3𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 8
A-component
𝑏 =𝑎−2
3𝑎 − 2(𝑎 − 2) = 8
3𝑎 − 2𝑎 + 4 = 8
𝑎=4
B-component
𝑏 =4−2
𝑏=2
STATEMENT
Values of 𝑎 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 2 so that 𝑓(−1) = 12 and 𝑓′(−1) = 3
13. Determine the equations of two lines that pass through the point (-4,-5) and are tangent to the
graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1. You may round coefficients to two decimal places
GIVEN
x = -4, -5
𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 1

REQUIRED
equations of two lines that pass through the point (-4,-5)

ANALYSIS
Find y by substitute x = -4, -5 into the function. Then find m of the slope by using the derivative
of the equation.
SOLUTION
−5 − (𝑥 2 + 1) = 2𝑥(−4 − 𝑥)
−6 − 𝑥 2 = −8𝑥 − 2𝑥 2
𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 6 = 0
𝑥1 = 0.69, 𝑥2 = −8.69
𝑦(0.69) = 0.692 + 1 = 1.48
𝑚 = 2 × 0.69 = 1.38
𝑦 − 1.48 = 1.38(𝑥 − 0.69)
𝑦 = 1.38𝑥 + 0.53
𝑦(−8.69) = (−8.69)2 + 1 = 76.6
𝑚 = 2 × −8.69 = −17.4
𝑦 − 76.6 = −17.4(𝑥 + 8.69)
𝑦 = −17.4𝑥 − 74.5

STATEMENT
the equations of two lines that pass through the point (-4,-5) and are tangent to the graph of 𝑦 =
𝑥 2 + 1. They are 𝑦 = 1.38𝑥 + 0.53 and 𝑦 = −17.4𝑥 − 74.5

14. Two particles have positions at the time t given by 𝑠1 = 4𝑡 − 𝑡 2 and 𝑠2 = 5𝑡 2 − 𝑡 3 . When the
acceleration of the two particles are equal, find the positions and velocities of both particles.
GIVEN
𝑠1 = 4𝑡 − 𝑡 2
𝑠2 = 5𝑡 2 − 𝑡 3

REQUIRED
The time t when accelerations are equal.
The positions 𝑠1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠2 at that time.
The velocities 𝑣1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣2 at that time.

ANALYSIS
Acceleration is the second derivative of the position function
𝑑 2 𝑠1
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠1 : 𝑎1 =
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑 2 𝑠2
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠2 : 𝑎2 =
𝑑𝑡 2
Equate 𝑎1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎2 to find the value of t
𝑑𝑠1 𝑑𝑠2
Use t to calculate position (𝑠1 , 𝑠2 ) and velocity: 𝑣1 = , 𝑣2 =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
SOLUTION
First particle
𝑣1 = 4 − 2𝑡
𝑎1 = −2
Second particle
𝑣2 = 10𝑡 − 3𝑡 2
𝑎2 = 10 − 6𝑡
Set acceleration to equal
𝑎1 = 𝑎2
−2 = 10 − 6𝑡
−12 = −6𝑡
𝑡=2
𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑠1 (2) = 4.2 − 22 = 4
𝑣1 (2) = 4 − 2.2 = 0
𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑠2 (2) = 5. 22 − 23 = 12
𝑣2 (2) = 10.2 − 3. 22 = 8

STATEMENT
The first particle has:

● Position 𝑠1 = 4
● Velocity 𝑣1 = 0

The second particle has:

● Position 𝑠2 = 12
● Velocity 𝑣2 = 8