Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

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Materials Today: Proceedings

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An efficient waste management technique with IoT based smart garbage

system
M. Karthik a, L. Sreevidya b, R. Nithya Devi c, M. Thangaraj c, G. Hemalatha d, R. Yamini a
a
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore 641 022, Tamil Nadu, India
b
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, VSB College of Engineering, Coimbatore 642 109, Tamil Nadu, India
c
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Engineering & Technology, 641 055 Tamil Nadu, India
d
Department of Robotics and Automation, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore 641 022, Tamil Nadu, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: Many cities now have public trash cans that are overflowing due to the continual growth of rubbish. The
Available online xxxx dustbins are not cleaned on time by the bin collector. As a result, the city becomes unclean, the environ-
ment becomes contaminated, and the atmosphere becomes unsanitary. It distributes a foul odor in the
Keywords: waste, which may be harmful to our human health. To avoid this problem, keep the environment clean
Clean and create a healthy environment. The ultrasonic sensor detects the amount of trash in the trash can. We
Health created a low-cost embedded device for city sanitation that allows the web server to track the location of
Polluted environment
each street. It’s simple to tell whether a dustbin is full or not. As soon as the level hits a certain maximum
Surroundings
pre-setted limit, automatically the information is sent to the bin collector. The bin collector will use the
internet to access their mobile phone and will take immediate action to clean up the city.
Ó 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer-
ence on Nanoelectronics, Nanophotonics, Nanomaterials, Nanobioscience & Nanotechnology.

1. Introduction According to Prakash et al., 2019, this technology can detect the
amount of waste in the dustbin and prevent it from overflowing.
Waste of any kind is detrimental to society. The last word to The IoT module is utilized to regulate waste and data is supplied
developing nations is that the key to creating a ‘‘smart city” is to to the organization, according to Chandra N et al., 2017. According
consider the most impactful ecological factor, including hazardous to Vinoth Kumar et al., 2017, the IoT-based Smart Waste Manage-
pollution and its drastic effects on health of the living organisms ment System uses sensor systems to monitor the level of the gar-
and the environment. Hence in order to take make our city more bage over the dustbins. This system of waste collection,
eco-friendly, safe and sensible with help of the new emerging field according to Bikramjit Singh et al., 2016, provides increased acces-
of Internet of things (IOT) which opens up various new opportuni- sibility, as well as proper planning for the disposal process [9–11].
ties for making cities smarter we introduce the smart waste man- In this work, many power electronics based component with Lab-
agement system [1,2]. So, we devised a new waste management view platform along with the power cultivation technique in gym
disposal idea based on autonomous garbage level detection equipment has been surveyed for the exact utilization of compo-
through ultrasonic sensor, which will deliver real-time information nents [15–17]. Moreover the revolution of neural networks in IoT
about dustbins around the city. has paved a special way of implementing the IoT concept in detect-
For real-time information, we employ a PIC microcontroller ing the waste level [18,19].
[3,4]. The bin collector is notified to pick up the trash when the
level of the waste bin reaches the maximum. The PIC microcon-
troller which is a high performed, cost efficient controller is the 2. Prevailing system
main part of the communication system. When the garbage is full,
the PIC microcontroller sends a message. This project’s major goal Manufacturers may use the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module as a low-
is to keep the environment clean, healthy, and safe [5–8]. cost component to create wirelessly networkable microcontroller
modules. The ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module could be a system-on-a-
E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Karthik) chip with two.4 GHz range capability. It has a 32-bit RISC processor

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.179
2214-7853/Ó 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Nanoelectronics, Nanophotonics, Nanomaterials,
Nanobioscience & Nanotechnology.

Please cite this article as: M. Karthik, L. Sreevidya, R. Nithya Devi et al., An efficient waste management technique with IoT based smart garbage system,
Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.179
M. Karthik, L. Sreevidya, R. Nithya Devi et al. Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

that runs at 80 MHz. TCP/IP (Transfer control protocol) [12] is

supported.
Because it executes the IOT action, it is the most crucial compo-
nent in the system. It has a 64-kilobyte ROM, a 64-kilobyte instruc-
tion RAM, and a 96-kilobyte sized RAM data. The Wi-Fi unit carries
out IoT operations by delivering data to a webpage that may be
retrieved through IP address. The Arduino microcontroller’s port
seven and eight are interfaced with the TX and RX pins from the
sensor [13,14].
A garbage container is a container that is used to store waste
Fig. 2. Information in web browser.
temporarily and is usually composed of metal or plastic. It is
divided into three categories:
1. Garbage cans
2. Dumpsters
3. Bin on wheels

3. Suggested system

As per this system there are numerous waste bins throughout

the city which were created with a very cost efficient embedded
technology which allows for the tracking of the dustbin’s level in
the roadway. The ultrasonic sensor detects the amount of waste Fig. 3. Waste monitoring in percentage.
in the trash can.
When the level hits the threshold, the LCD will display the % of
the dustbin that has yet to be filled. When the dustbin is full, the
This method has the highest rate of accuracy, and its analysis is
LED turns red, and when it is not full, the LED turns green. It’s sim- too speedy.
ple to tell which dustbin is full.
Many dustbins can be found throughout the city under this sys- 4. Constituents portrayal
tem. These dustbins have a low-cost integrated technology that
helps track the dustbin’s level in the street. The ultrasonic sensor 4.1. Ultrasonic sensor
detects the amount of rubbish in the garbage can.
When the level reaches the set point, the LCD will show how Figure 4 shows an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor which is utilized
much of the dustbin is still empty. The LED turns red when the to determine the level of waste in the garbage bin. The sensor con-
dustbin is full and green when the dustbin is empty. It’s simple sists of a transmitter part and a receiver part. The ultrasonic wave
to tell which bin is overflowing. The login and web browser infor- signals are sent from the transmitter to the controller. When an
mation are shown in Figs. 1-3. impediment stands in front of the transmitter, it emits ultrasonic
waves and receives a reflection from the module. The receiver

Because the trucks only go to the filled containers, this approach picks up on the reflections and sends the signal to the module’s
takes less time to reach certain streets and uses less fuel. output. The input module requires 5 V.

To reduce noise, improve traffic flow, and avoid trashcan The Ultrasonic sensor has 2 eye like projection in front where
overflow. one is a transmitter (TRIG) and another one is receiver (ECHO).

Dustbins are used more efficiently, resulting in less pollution. The sensor’s transmitter and receiver are the two primary compo-

It creates a clean, sanitary, and healthy environment. nents, with the former converting electrical impulses to ultrasonic

It weakens the man’s position. waves and the latter converting ultrasonic waves back to electrical

The real time data of the level of the waste in the garbage bin is signals. The sensor is based on a simple high school formula.
gathered with the help of the sensors.
Distance ¼ Time  Speed

4.2. Esp8266

The ESP8266 is a powerful Wi-Fi module which will access the

web server or the internet. It is a low cost, compact and cheap
device. It can communicate with any microcontroller. It is a wire-

Fig. 1. Login page. Fig. 4. Ultrasonic sensor.

2
M. Karthik, L. Sreevidya, R. Nithya Devi et al. Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Fig. 5. ESP8266 Wi-Fi module.

Fig. 7. PIC Microcontroller.

Fig. 6. LCD.

less device and one of the most significant devices in the Internet
of Things platform. It is with 8 pins and they are GND, GPIO 2, GPIO
0, RX, VCC, RST, CH_PD, TX. The mobile phone must open the hot-
spot. ESP8266 has to connect with mobile phone’s hotspot. The Fig. 8. Buzzer.
mobile phone’s hotspot is accessed by ESP8266 Wi-Fi module as
shown in Fig. 5. sound. The buzzer sound signals that the rubbish in the dustbin
is full.
4.3. Liquid crystal display (LCD) A buzzer is a two-pin construction that is very small, low-cost,
and compact. For alert, it emits a continuous beep sound. The
LCDs are utilized to display the waste level in the dustbin as working voltage of the buzzer is DC 4 to 9 V.
shown in Fig. 6. The ultrasonic sensor can calculate the level of
waste in the dustbin and sends the data to the LCD. It will display 5. Functional block diagram
the remaining blank space percentage from the waste in the dust-
bin. It runs on 4.7 V to 5.3 V. PIC Microcontroller, Ultrasonic sensor, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module,
This LCD can display in a 5 by 7 pixel matrix for each character LED, Power supply, Web server, LCD, and Buzzer are all shown in
with the maximum limit of 32 characters in 2 lines with 16 char- Fig. 9 block diagram. There is a transmitter and a receiver on the
acters in each. Data and Command are the two registers found ultrasonic sensor. The rubbish in the dustbin is the system’s input.
on this 16x2 LCD. The level of rubbish in the dustbin is detected by an ultrasonic sen-
sor. The ultrasonic impulses are sent to the PIC microcontroller by
4.4. PIC microcontroller the sensor’s transmitter. The signal is received by the PIC micro-
controller, which then reads the data from the sensor. The PIC
The PIC microcontroller (shown in Fig. 7) is a low-cost, easy-to- microcontroller is driven by the power supply. The LED indicates
use, and adaptable device. It has an EEPROM chip, which allows it whether or not the dustbins are full. The information from the con-
to retain information and other data indefinitely. In the pic micro- troller is transmitted by the WIFI module to the server. The data is
controller, there are 40 pins and 33 input/output pins. collected from the web server using the ESP8266 wi-fi module.
This esp8266 WIFI module reads the data, processes it, and then
4.5. Buzzer delivers it to the controller. The information from the WIFI module
is sent to this PIC microcontroller. The data is simultaneously sent
Fig. 8 shows a buzzer, which is a very small, low-cost, and com- to the LCD and buzzer via the PIC microcontroller. The LCD is used
pact two-pin construction. For alert, it emits a continuous beep to show how much space is available above the garbage can. The

Fig. 9. Block diagram.

3
M. Karthik, L. Sreevidya, R. Nithya Devi et al. Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

CRediT authorship contribution statement

M. Karthik: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision. L.

Sreevidya: Data curation. R. Nithya Devi: Writing – original draft.
M. Thangaraj: Visualization. G. Hemalatha: Validation, Investiga-
tion. R. Yamini: Writing - review & editing.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-

cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
to influence the work reported in this paper.

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