Pi calculation reinvented a Trigonometry

SAMI I ALMUAIGEL (  [email protected] )

Research Article

Keywords: Pi, Trigonometry, Circular, Triangle

Posted Date: March 30th, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2748613/v1

License:   This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel method of determining the mathematical value of pi by utilizing the
relationship between pi and the tangent function in trigonometry. By examining the relationship between
the circumference of a circle and a right-angled triangle, we are able to derive a new equation for pi, which
can be used to simplify mathematical and physical equations that involve pi.

Introduction
Pi, denoted by the Greek letter π, is a mathematical constant that is widely used in mathematics and
physics. It is defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, with a value of approximately
3.14159. The concept of pi has been known since ancient times and has been studied by many
mathematicians. Despite its importance, pi is an irrational number, meaning it cannot be expressed as the
ratio of two integers. Note angle is measured in degrees.

Methods
According to the equation for the circumference of a circle, 2πr, if we visualize the circumference as a
straight line, the length of the straight line would be 2πr. If we now imagine a radius of the circle r being
perpendicular to this straight line, we would have the shape of a right-angled triangle.

A question arises, is there a relationship between this triangle and the circle?

Assumes the area of this triangle is equal to the area of the circle πr2 and the area of our triangle is
2πr×r 2
= πr
2

r
According to the cotangent law tanθ . So, the θ We will write the equation as
1 ∘
= = ≅ 9.043 …
2πr 2π
1
follows tan (9.04306) =
2π
. We can now determine the value of Pi as follows

1
π =
∘
2 × tan9.043

We will use the deductions made above to apply them to some laws utilizing pi.

Example1 Euler’s approach

If we use the new value for pi the Euler’s approach will be

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 2
1
∞ [ ∘
]
1 2tan9.043

∑ =
2 6
n
n=1

∞
1 1
∑ =
2 ∘ 2
n 24(tan9.043 )
n=1

sinθ
And because tanθ = , the impediment will have another aspect, which is
cosθ

∞ ∘ 2
1 (cos9.043 )
∑ =
2 ∘ 2
n 24(sin9.043 )
n=1

It is apparent that if the radius of the circle is fixed and the circumference of the circle represented by a
straight line in the triangle is divided into halves, quarters, or smaller segments, the equation will take the
following form

or π
n n
tanθ = = n ≠ 0
2π 2×tanθ

We will get multiple angle values by varying n. We can now incorporate π into laws and equations
containing trigonometric functions, and similarly, include trigonometric functions in laws and equations
that involve π.

Example2 n = 2

2 1
tanθ = =
2π π

∘
tanθ = 0.3183

∘
θ = 17.65 atn = 2

1
π =
∘
tan17.65

Example3 in physics field:

where the constant μ is known as the permeability of free space and has a value of
∘

−7
μ∘ = 4π × 10

If we substitute the value of π, the general law will be as follows:

n
−7
μ∘ = 4 × 10
2 × tanθ

Or the law will be as follow if n = 2:

Example4 if n = e:

e
tanθ =
2π

e
π =
∘
2 × tan23.39

Example5 if n = h Plank constant:

h
tanθ =
2π

h
π =
−33 ∘
2 × tan(6.04 × 10 )

We have established a relationship between pi and the sine, cos and tan angle. However, we aim to
simplify the law that connects them. To achieve this, we will begin by imposing the relationship in the
following manner:

π = n × tanθ

Example6 if n = e:

π = e × tanθ

π
tanθ =
e

∘
θ = 49.13

∘
π = e × tan49.13

Compare example4 the angle is 23.39 with example6 the angle is 49.13 when n = e

Example7 if n = e
πi
:

πi
π = e × tanθ

π
tanθ =
πi
e

We know from Euler's identity equationeπi + 1 = 0

∘
θ = −72.34

πi ∘
π = e × tan(−72.34 )

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Results: Our method allows us to determine the value of pi. The new equation

derived in this study can also be used to simplify mathematical and physical equations that involve pi, by
replacing pi with the equivalent value derived in this study.

Conclusion
In this study, we presented a novel method of determining the mathematical value of pi by utilizing the
relationship between pi and the trigonometric functions in trigonometry. We were able to derive a new
equation for pi which can be used to another way mathematical and physical equations that involve pi.
The new equation derived in this study could be used to improve the accuracy of calculations in various
fields, such as engineering and physics.

References
1. Dietmar Gross, Werner Hauger, Jörg Schröder, Wolfgang A. Wall and Nimal Rajapakse, Engineering
Mechanics1 Statics, 2nd Edition Springer
2. Merle Potter, E. Nelson, Charles Best and William McLean, Engineering Mechanics Statics, 7th Edition
Mc Graw Hill
3. Merle Potter and Craig Somerton, Trigonometry, 6th Edition Mc Graw Hill
4. Joseph W. Kane and Morton M. Sternheim, Physics, 2nd Edition Wiley
5. John Bird, Basic Engineering Mathematics, 5th Edition Newnes

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