Introduction to Computer Hardware

Servicing

Computer Hardware Servicing

involves diagnosing and fixing issues
related to the physical components of a Basic Computing Concepts
computer. Here are some essential 1. Computer: A device that
hand-to-hand troubleshooting processes data, following a set of
techniques: instructions (software) to perform
tasks.
1. Visual Inspection: Start by
looking for any obvious signs of 2. Hardware: The physical
damage, loose connections, or components of a computer, such
dust buildup. as the CPU, RAM, hard drive,
motherboard, and peripherals
2. Power Cycle: Turn off the
(keyboard, mouse, monitor).
computer, unplug it, and wait a
few minutes before plugging it 3. Software: Programs and
back in and restarting. applications that run on a
computer, providing instructions
3. Check Connections: Ensure all
for hardware to execute tasks.
cables (power, data, peripherals)
Software can be system software
are securely connected.
(like operating systems) or
4. Swap Components: If possible, application software (like word
replace suspected faulty processors).
components (like RAM or hard
4. Program: A specific set of
drives) with known good ones to
instructions written in a
see if the issue persists.
programming language that a
5. Use Diagnostic Tools: Utilize computer can execute to perform
built-in diagnostics or third-party a particular task.
tools to run tests on hardware
components.
Computing Organization
6. Listen for Beep Codes: Many
motherboards emit beep codes Computing organization refers to the
during boot-up. These can arrangement and interaction of
indicate specific hardware issues. hardware components in a computer
7. Overheating Checks: Ensure system. Key components include:
fans are working and that vents
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU):
are not blocked, as overheating
The brain of the computer that
can cause performance issues.
processes instructions and
8. Component Isolation: Remove manages tasks.
non-essential components (like
2. Memory:
extra RAM or graphics cards) to
identify if one of them is causing o RAM (Random Access
the issue. Memory): Temporary
storage for data that the
CPU needs while performing
tasks.
 o ROM (Read-Only 4. Corrosion: Inspect connectors
Memory): Permanent and circuit boards for any signs of
storage that holds essential rust or corrosion.
instructions for booting up
5. Heat Damage: Look for
the computer.
discoloration or warping that may
3. Storage: indicate overheating.
o Hard Disk Drives (HDD) Once you’ve done the visual inspection,
and Solid-State Drives you can decide if further
(SSD) store data troubleshooting or cleaning is needed!
permanently until deleted.
4. Motherboard: The main circuit
board that connects all hardware
components and allows
communication between them.
5. Power Supply Unit (PSU):
Converts electricity from an outlet II. Power Cycling can help resolve
into usable power for the various issues. Here’s a quick
computer. step-by-step:
6. Input/Output Devices: 1. Shut Down: Turn off the
o Input: Devices like computer completely.
keyboards and mice allow 2. Unplug: Disconnect it from the
users to interact with the power source.
computer.
3. Wait: Leave it unplugged for a
o Output: Devices like few minutes to allow any residual
monitors and printers power to dissipate.
display or produce results
from the computer's 4. Plug In: Reconnect the power
processes. cable.
5. Restart: Turn the computer back
on.
I. Visual Inspection is a great first
step. Here are some specific This process can help reset hardware
things to look for: components and clear temporary
glitches. If the issue persists after
1. Damage: Check for cracks, power cycling, you may need to explore
dents, or burns on the casing and further troubleshooting steps!
components.
2. Loose Connections: Ensure all
cables and connectors are III. Checking connections is crucial
securely attached. for ensuring everything is
functioning properly. Here’s
3. Dust Buildup: Look for dust
how to do it effectively:
accumulation on vents, fans, and
internal components that can 1. Power Cables: Make sure the
affect airflow. power cable is firmly connected to both
the outlet and the computer.
2. Data Cables: Check all data
cables (like SATA, USB, HDMI) for secure
connections. Ensure they’re not
damaged or frayed.

3. Peripherals: Confirm that

peripherals (mouse, keyboard, printers)
are properly connected and powered
on.

4. Internal Connections: If you’re

comfortable opening the case, check
that internal cables (like those
connecting the power supply to the
motherboard) are secure.

5. Ports and Slots: Inspect the

ports for dust or debris that might
interfere with connections.

A thorough check can often reveal

simple issues that can be easily fixed!