Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9

By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions

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Chapter 9
9.1
(a)
vO Ad v2 v1
3 3
1 Ad 10 10 Ad 500
(b)
3
1 500 v2 10 1 0.5 500v2
v2 3 mV
(c)
5 500 1 v1 500v1 495
v1 0.990 V

(d) vO 0
(e)
3 500 v2 0.5
250 3 500v2
v2 0.506 V
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.2
2
(a) 2
O
2 10 4 V
Aod 10 4
1
2 I
1 2000
4 1
2 10 I I 0.4002 V
2001
1
(b) 2 I
1 2000
1
2 2 0.9995 10 3 V
2001
1 Aod 2 Aod 0.9995 10 3
O Aod 1000.5
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.3
(a) O Aod 2 1 5 10 3 2.0000 2.0010 5V
(b) O Aod 2 1

3.000 2 10 4 3.0025 1 1 3.00265 V

(c) O Aod 2 1

1.80 Aod 0.01 0.01 10 3 Aod 9 10 4

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Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.4

Ri
vid vI
Ri 25
Ri
0.790 0.80
Ri 25
0.9875 Ri 25 Ri
24.6875 0.0125 Ri
Ri 1975 K
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.5
R2 200
(a) A 10
R1 20
120
(b) A 3
40
40
(c) A 1
40
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.6
200
Av 10
20
and for each case
Ri 20 k

______________________________________________________________________________________

9.7
a.
100
Av 10
10
Ri R1 10 k
b.
100 100
A 5
10
Ri R1 10 k
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

c.
100
Av 5
10 10
Ri 10 10 20 K
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9.8
0 O 4
(a) i 2 R2 6
R2 200 k
R2 20 10
R2 200
A 12 R1 16.67 k
R1 R1
0 O 0 1.5
(b) i 2 i1 i2 7.5 A
R2 200 10 3
1.5 O
I I 0.125 V
A 12
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.9
R2
Av
R1

(a) Av 10
Av 1
(b)
Av 0.20
(c)
Av 10
(d)
Av 2
(e)
1 Av
(f)
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.10
R2 200
(a) 3 R2 200 k , R1 66.67 k
R1 R1
R2 200
(b) 8 R2 200 k , R1 25 k
R1 R1
R2 200
(c) 20 R2 200 k , R1 10 k
R1 R1
R2 R2
(d) 0.5 R 2 100 k , R1 200 k
R1 200
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.11
I 0.25
(a) i1 R1 R1 5k
R1 50 10 6
R2 R2
A 6.5 R2 32.5 k
R1 5
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

O 4
(b) I 0.6154 V
A 6.5
4
i1 0.123 mA
i2
32.5
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.12
R2
(a) A
R1
R2
20 R1 25 k , R 2 500 k
25
1000
(b) 20 R1 50 k , R 2 1 M
R1
I 0.2
(c) For (a), i1 i1 8 A
R1 25
I 0.2
For (b), i1 i1 4 A
R1 50
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.13
a.
R2 1.05 R2 R2
Av 1.105
R1 0.95 R1 R1
0.95 R2 R2
0.905
1.05 R1 R1
Deviation in gain is +10.5% and 9.5%
b.
1.01R2 R2 0.99 R2 R2
Av 1.02 0.98
0.99 R1 R1 1.01R1 R1
Deviation in gain 2%
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.14
R2 15
(a) (i) O I 0.20 3V
R1 1
0 O 3
(ii) i 2 0.20 mA
R2 15
O 3
iL 0.75 mA
RL 4
iO i2 iL iO 0.75 0.20 0.95 mA
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

15
(b) (i) O 0.05 0.75 V
1
0 0.75
(ii) i 2 0.05 mA
15
0.75
iL 0.1875 mA
4
iO i L i2 0.1875 0.05 0.2375 mA
15
(c) (i) 8 sin t (mV)
O O 0.12 sin t (V)
1
0.12 sin t
(ii) i 2 i 2 8 sin t ( A)
15
0.12 sin t
iL iL 30 sin t ( A)
4
iO i L i 2 38 sin t ( A)
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.15
R2
Av
R1 R5
Av 30 2.5% 29.25 Av 30.75
R2 R2
So 29.25 and 30.75
R1 2 R1 1
We have 29.25 R1 2 30.75 R1 1
Which yields R1 18.5 k and R2 599.6 k
For vI 25 mV , then 0.731 vO 0.769 V
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.16
R2 80
O1 I 0.15 1.2 V
R1 10
R4 100
O O1 1 .2 6V
R3 20
I 0.15
i1 i2 i1 i2 15 A
R1 10
O1 1.2
i3 i4 i3 i4 60 A
R3 20
At O1 : i 2 i O1 i 3 i O1 60 15 75 A; Out of Op-Amp
At O : iO 2 i 4 60 A; Into Op-Amp
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.17
O R2 R4
100
I R1 R3
For I 50 mV, O 100 0.05 5V
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

5
If i 4 50 A, R 4 6
R4 100 k
50 10
Set R1 10 k
O R2 100 R2
Then 100 10
I 10 R3 R3
Set R 2 100 k , R3 10 k
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.18
R2 R4 R6
A 300
R1 R3 R5
O 6
For O 6 V, set i 6 60 A R6 100 k
R6 R6
Set R 6 200 k so that i 6 30 A
Set R1 20 k
R2 R4 200
Now 300
20 R3 R5
For example, set R 2 100 k and R5 20 k
100 R4 200 R4
Then 300 50
20 R3 20 R3
R4
Or 6 , set R3 20 k and R 4 120 k
R3
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.19
R2 22
(a) O I 0.40 8.8 V
R1 1
R2 1 1
(b) A 22 21.8993
R1 1 R2 1
1 1 1 23
Aod R1 5 10 3

O 21.8993 0.40 8.7597 V

(c) A 0.998 22 21.956
1
21.956 22 Aod 1.1477 10 4
1
1 23
Aod
______________________________________________________________________________________
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________
9.20
(a)
R2 1
Av
R1 1 R2
1 1
Aod R1
100 1
25 1
1 5
5 103
Av 3.9960
vO 3.9960 1.00 vO 3.9960 V
(b)
4 3.9960
100% 0.10%
(c) 4
(d)
vO Aod v2 v1 Aod v1
vO 3.9960
v1 3
Aod 5 10
v1 0.7992 mV
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.21
100 1
(a) A 9.98431
10 1 100
1 1
7 10 3 10
O 7
I 0.7011 V
A 9.9843
O 7
1 1 1 mV
A 7 10 3
5
(b) Aod O
3
2.5 10 4
1 0.2 10
1
A 10 9.9956
1
1 11
2.5 10 4
O 5
I 0.50022 V
A 9.9956
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.22
R2 R3 R3 50 50 50
(a) A 1 1 60
R1 R4 R2 10 5 50
50 50
(b) (i) 100 51 R4 2.78 k
R4 50
50 50
(ii) 150 51 R4 1.79 k
R4 50
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Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.23
a.
R2 R3 R3
Av 1
R1 R4 R2
R1 500 k
R2 R3 R3
80 1
500 R4 R2
Set R2 R3 500 k
500 500
80 1 1 1 2 R4 6.41 k
R4 R4
b.
For vI 0.05 V
0.05
i1 i2 i1 i2 0.1 A
500 k
vX i2 R2 0.1 10 6 500 103 0.05
vX 0.05
i4 i4 7.80 A
R4 6.41
i3 i2 i4 0.1 7.80 i3 7.90 A
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.24
(a)
R2 500
Av 1000
R1 R1
R1 0.5 K
(b)
R2 R3 R3
Av 1
R1 R4 R2
250 500 500 1250
1000 1
R1 250 250 R1
R1 1.25 K
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.25
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________
vI
i1 i2
R
vI
vA i2 R R vI
R
v A vI
i3
R R
vA vA 2vA 2vI
i4 i2 i3
R R R R
2vI
vB v A i4 R vI R 3vI
R
vB 3vI 3vI
i5
R R R
2vI 3vI 5vI
i6 i4 i5
R R R
5vI v0
v0 vB i6 R 3vI R 8
R vI
From Figure 9.12 Av 3
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.26
R2 1 200 1
(a) A 9.9978
R1 1 R2 20 1 200
1 1 1 4
1
Aod R1 5 10 20

O 4.80
(b) I 0.4801056 V
A 9.9978
O 4.80
(c) 1 1 96 V
Aod 5 10 4
4.801056 4.8
(d) 100% 0.022%
4.8
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.27
R2 1 1
(a) A 1 0.9992
R1 1 R2 1
1 1 1 2
Aod R1 2.5 10 3
(i) O 0.9992 0.8 0.7993605 V
0.8 0.7993605
(ii) 100% 0.08%
0.8
1
(b) A 1 0.990099
1
1 2
2 10 2
(i) O 0.990099 0.8 0.79208 V
0.8 0.79208
(ii) 100% 0.99%
0.9
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Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.28
vl vO vO R2
ii i2
R1 R2 vl R1
(a)
(b)
vl vO 1 R2
i2 i1 i3 i3 vl
R1 RL RL R1
vl R2
Then i3 1
R1 RL
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.29
R3 R1 0.1 1
VX .max V 10 VX .max 0.09008 V
R3 R1 R4 0.1 1 10
R2
vO VX .max
R1
R2 R2
10 0.09008 111
R1 R1
So R2 111 k
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.30
RF RF RF 120 120 120
O I1 I2 I3 I1 I2 I3
R1 R2 R3 40 20 60
O 3 I1 6 I2 2 I3

(a) O 3 0.25 6 0.10 2 1.5 2.85 V

(b) 0.5 3 I 1 6 0.25 2 1.2 I1 0.133 V
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.31
(a) O 2.5 1.2 I1 2.5 I2 0.25 I3 3 I1 6.25 I2 0.625 I3

RF RF RF
Then 3, 6.25 , 0.625
R1 R2 R3
R3 is the largest resistor, so set R3 400 k
Then R F 250 k , R1 83.3 k , R 2 40 k
(b) O 3 1 6.25 0.25 0.625 2 0.1875 V
0.1875 O
iF i F 0.75 A
RF 250
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.32
O 2 I1 3 I2 2 I1 6 I2

R R
Then F 2, F 6
R1 R2
For I1 1 V, I2 0.5 V
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

Then O 2 1 6 0 .5 5V
O 5
Set i F 80 A RF 62.5 k
RF RF
Then R1 31.25 k , R 2 10.42 k
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.33
vI 1 0.05 2 sin 2 ft 0.0707 sin 2 ft
1 1
f 1 kHz T 1 ms vI 2 T2 10 ms
103 100
RF RF 10 10
vO vI 1 vI 2 vI 1 vI 2
R1 R2 1 5
vO 10 0.0707 sin 2 ft 2 1V
vO 0.707 sin 2 ft 2V

______________________________________________________________________________________

9.34
RF RF
O I1 I2
R1 R2
100 100
0.5 sin t 0.004 0.125 sin t 0.006
R1 R2
100
Set 0.5 sin t 0.125 sin t R1 25 k
R1
100 100
We have 0 0.004 0.006
R1 R2
0.4 0.6
0 R 2 37.5 k
25 R 2
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.35
I1 1
(a) O 2 2 I2 I3 I1 4 I2 2 I3
4 2
RF 1 RF RF
Then , 4, 2
R1 2 R2 R3
Set R1 250 k , Then R F 125 k , R2 31.25 k , R3 62.5 k
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

(b) For I1 2 V, I2 0, I3 1V
1
O 2 4 0 2 1 3V
2
For I1 2 V, I 2 0.5 V, I 3 0
1
O 2 4 0.5 20 3V
2
Then 3 O 3V
3 O max
iF max
i F max 24 A
RF 125
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.36
RF RF RF
O I1 I2 I3
R1 R2 R3
RF RF RF
6 sin t 2 2 sin t 0.5 sin t 4
R1 R2 R3
RF RF
We have 2 4 0 R3 2 R1
R1 R3
RF RF
Also 6 2 0.5
R1 R2
6
For O 6 V, i F max
120 A RF 50 k
RF
4
For I 1 max 4 V, i1 max
120 A R1 33.33 k and R3 2 R1 66.66 k
R1
50 2 50 0.5 100 25 100 25
Now 6 R 2 8.33 k
R1 R2 R1 R 2 33.33 R 2
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.37
a.
RF RF RF RF
v0 a3 5 a2 5 a1 5 a0 5
R3 R2 R1 R0
RF a3 a2 a1 a0
So v0 5
10 2 4 8 16
RF 1
v0 2.5 5 RF 10 k
b. 10 2
c.
10 1
v0 5 v0 0.3125 V
i. 10 16
10 1 1 1 1
v0 v0 4.6875 V 5
ii. 10 2 4 8 16
______________________________________________________________________________________
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.38
10 20 20
(a) O I1 I2 200 I1 20 I2
1 1 1
(b) O 200 5 20 25 50 sin t 1000 500 1000 sin t (mV)
1.5 1.0 sin t (V)
O
(c) For the 20 k resistor:
2.5
i max i max 0.125 mA
20
For the 10 k resistor:
10 50 mV
O1 5 50 mV, i max i max 5 A
1 10k
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.39
For one-input

O
1
Aod
I1 1 1 1 O

R1 R 2 R3 RF

I1 1 1 1 O
1
R1 R1 R 2 R3 RF RF

O 1 1 1 O

Aod R1 R 2 R3 RF RF

1 1 1 1 1
O
Aod R F RF Aod R1 R 2 R3

O 1 1 RF
1
RF Aod Aod R1 R 2 R3
RF 1
O I1 where R P R1 R2 R3
R1 1 RF
1 1
Aod RP
1 RF RF RF
Therefore, for three-inputs O I1 I2 I3
1 RF R1 R2 R3
1 1
Aod RP
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Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.40
R2 150
(a) A 1 1 11
R1 15
150
(b) A 1 4
50
20
(c) A 1 1.4
50
20
(d) A 21
20
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.41
R2 R2
(a) A 15 1 14
R1 R1
For O 7.5 V 1 0 .5 V
7.5 0.5
i 120 A R2 58.33 k , R1 4.17 k
R2
(b) O 15 0.25 3.75 V
0.25
i1 i2 i1 i 2 60 A
4.17
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.42
R2
(a) A 1
R1
R2 R2
3 1 2 , Set R 2 290 k , R1 145 k
R1 R1
R2 R2
(b) 9 1 8 , Set R 2 290 k , R1 36.25 k
R1 R1
R2 R2
(c) 30 1 29 , Set R 2 290 k , R1 10 k
R1 R1
R2 R2
(d) 1 1 0 , Set R 2 0 , R1 290 k
R1 R1
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.43

1 1
vB vI v0 Aod vi
1 500 501
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

1
2.5 Aod 5 Aod 250.5
a. 501
1
v0 5000
v0 49.9 V 5
b. 501
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.44
50 20 40
v0 1 vI 2 vI 1
50 20 40 20 40
v0 1.33vI 1 0.667vI 2
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.45
(a)
vI 1 v2 vI 2 v2 v2
20 40 10
100
vO 1 v2 3v2
50
Now 2vI 1 2v2 vI 2 v2 4v2
vo
2vI 1 vI 2 7v2 7
3
6 3
So vO vI 1 vI 2
7 7
6 3
vO 0.2 0.3 vO 0.3 V
(b) 7 7
6 3
vO 0.4 vO 42.86 mV
0.25
(c) 7 7
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.46
R4
(a) 2 I
R3 R4
R2 R2 1
O 1 2 1 I
R1 R1 R3
1
R4
1 R2 R2 R2
(b) 6 1 1 9 8
25 R1 R1 R1
1
50
Set R 2 200 k , R1 25 k
______________________________________________________________________________________
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.47
(a)
vO 50 x
1
vI 1 x 50
vO x 1 x x
1
vI 1 x 1 x
vO 1
Av
vI 1 x
(b) 1 Av
(c) If x = 1, gain goes to infinity.
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.48
I
(a) X 2R I 3 I
R
X I X X O
0
2R R 2R
1 1 1 I O
X
2R R 2R 2R 2R
2 I O
3 I
R 2R 2R
O
so 11
I

(b) For I 0.25 V, O 2.75 V

(c) R 30 k , I 0.15 V
0.15
For R1 : i 5 A
30
For R 2 : i 5 A
X 3 I 0.45 V
0.45
For R 4 : i 15 A
30
O 11 0.15 1.65 V
1.65 0.45
For R3 : i 20 A
60
______________________________________________________________________________________
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.49
vO
1
vI
(a)
(b) From Exercise TYU9.7
R2
1
vO R1
vI 1 R2
1 1
Aod R1
But R2 0, R1
vO 1 1 vO
0.999993
vI 1 1 vI
1 1
Aod 1.5 105
vO 1
Want 0.990 Aod 99
vI 1
1
Aod
(b)
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.50
(a) O Aod 2 1 Aod I O

O 1 Aod Aod I

O 1 1
A 0.9524
1 1
I
1 1
Aod 20
1
(b) A 0.995
1
1
200
1
(c) A 0.9995
1
1
2000
1
(d) A 0.99995
1
1
20000
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.51
O1 R2
(a) A 1 1
I R1

O2 R2
A 2 1
I R1
60
(b) O1 1 0.5 2V
20
60
O2 1 0.5 2V
20
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

R2 60
(c) O1 O2 21 I 21 0.8 6.4 V
R1 20
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.52
vI
iL
R1
(a)
(b)
vO1 iL RL vI iL RL iL R1
vOI max 10 V iL 1 9 10iL
So iL max 1 mA
Then vI max iL R1 1 9 vI max 9V
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.53
20
(a) O I 0.3333 I
20 40
(i) O 1V
(ii) O 1.67 V
20
(b) O I 0.3333 I
20 40
(i) O 1V
(ii) O 1.67 V
10 6
(c) O 1 I 0.2222 I
10 6 48
(i) O 0.667 V
(ii) O 1.111 V
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.54
a.
v1 v v
Rin and 1 0 i1 and v0 Aod v1
i1 RF
v1 Aod v1 v1 1 Aod
So i1
RF RF
v1 RF
Then Rin
i1 1 Aod
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

b.
RS RF
i1 iS and v0 Aod i1
RS Rin 1 Aod
Aod RS
So v0 RF iS
1 Aod RS Rin
RF 10
Rin 0.009990
1 Aod 1001
1000 RS
v0 RF iS
1001 RS 0.009990
1000 RS
Want 0.990
1001 RS 0.009990
which yields RS 1.099 k
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.55

vO iC RF , 0 iC 8 mA
For vO max 8 V, Then RF 1k
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.56
vI 10
i so 1 R 10 k
R R
In the ideal op-amp, R1 has no influence.
R2
v0 1 vI
Output voltage: R
v0 must remain within the bias voltages of the op-amp; the larger the R2, the smaller the range of
input voltage vI in which the output is valid.
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.57
I 5
(a) i L ; R2 1k
R2 5
RF 1
Set ; For example, set R1 RF 10 k , R3 1k
R1 R3 R2
(b) L 5 0.2 1V 1

I 1 5 1
i1 i2 0.6 mA
R1 10
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

O 1 i2 RF 1 0.6 10 7V
O L 7 1
i3 6 mA
R3 1
L 1
i4 1 mA
R2 1
For the op-amp: iO i 2 i 3 iO i3 i 2 6 0.6 6.6 mA
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.58
(a)
vx
i1 i2 and i2 iD , vx i2 RF
R2
RF
Then i1 i1 iD
R2
RF
Or iD i1 1
R2
(b)
vI 5
R1 R1 5k
i1 1
RF RF
12 1 1 11
R2 R2
For example, R2 5 k , RF 55 k
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.59
VX VX vO
IX
R2 R3
(1)
VX VX vO
0
R1 RF
(2)
RF
From (2) vO VX 1
R1
1 1 1 RF
Then (1) I X VX VX 1
R2 R3 R3 R1
IX 1 1 1 1 RF 1 RF
VX R0 R2 R3 R3 R1 R3 R2 R1 R3
R1 R3 R2 RF
R1 R2 R3
R1 R2 R3
or Ro
R1 R3 R2 RF
RF 1
Note: If R2 RF R1 R3 then Ro , which corresponds to an ideal current source.
R1 R3 R2
______________________________________________________________________________________
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.60
(a) Rid R1 R3 30 k ; R1 R3 15 k
R2 R4
15 R2 R4 225 k
R1 R3
(b) O iL RL 0.25 10 2 .5 V
O 2.5
I2 I1 0.1667 V
Ad 15
(c) O Ad I2 I1 15 1.2 1.5 4.5 V
O 4.5
iL 0.45 mA
RL 10
(d) O 0.5 10 5V
O 5
I2 I1 0.333 V
Ad 15
I1 2 0.333 1.667 V
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.61
R2 R4
(a) 40 ; Set R 2 R4 250 k , R1 R3 6.25 k
R1 R3
R2 R4
(b) 25 ; Set R 2 R4 250 k , R1 R3 10 k
R1 R3
R2 R4
(c) 5 ; Set R 2 R4 250 k , R1 R3 50 k
R1 R3
R2 R4
(d) 0.5 ; Set R 2 R 4 125 k , R1 R3 250 k
R1 R3
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.62
We have
R2 R4 / R3 R2 R2 1 R2
vO 1 vI 2 vI 1 or vO 1 vI 2 vI 1
R1 1 R4 / R3 R1 R1 1 R3 / R4 R1
Set R2 50 1 x , R1 50 1 x
R3 50 1 x , R4 50 1 x

1 x 1 1 x
vO 1 vI 2 vI 1
1 x 1 x 1 x
1
1 x
1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x
vO vI 2 vI 1
1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x
1 x 1 x
vI 2 vI 1
1 x 1 x
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

For vI 1 vI 2 vO 0
Set R2 50 1 x R1 50 1 x
R3 50 1 x R4 50 1 x

1 x 1 1 x
vO 1 v vI 1
1 x 1 x I2 1 x
1
1 x
1 x
vI 2 vI 1
1 x
vI 1 vI 2 vcm
vO 1 x 1 x 1 x 2x
1
vcm 1 x 1 x 1 x
Set R2 50 1 x R1 50 1 x
R3 50 1 x R4 50 1 x

1 x 1 1 x
vO 1 v vI 1
1 x 1 x I2 1 x
1
1 x
1 x
1 vcm
1 x
1 x 2x 1 x
Acm
1 x 1 x
Worst common-mode gain
2x
Acm
1 x
(b)
2x 2 0.01
For x 0.01, Acm 0.0202
1 x 1 0.01
2 0.02
For x 0.02, Acm 0.04082
1 0.02
2 0.05
For x 0.05, Acm 0.1053
1 0.05
1 1
For this condition, set vI 2 , vI 1 vd 1 V
2 2
1 1 x 1 1 x 1 x 1 2 1
Ad 1
2 1 x 2 1 x 2 1 x 1 x
1.010
For x 0.01 Ad 1.010 C M R RdB 20 log10 33.98 dB
0.0202
1 1.020
For x 0.02, Ad 1.020 C M R RdB 20 log10 27.96 dB
0.98 0.04082
1 1.0526
For x 0.05 Ad
1.0526 C M R RdB 20 log10 20 dB
0.95 0.1053
______________________________________________________________________________________
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.63
(a) O 10 2 1 10 1.4 1.8 4V
2 1.4
i3 i4 0.0127 mA
R 10 R 11 10
10 10
X Y 2 1.4 1.273 V
11 11
1 X 1.8 1.273
i1 i2 0.0527 mA
R 10
(b) O 10 2 1 10 3.6 3.2 4 V
10
X Y 3.6 3.273 V
11
3.6 2
i3 i4 0.0327 mA
11 10 110
3.2 3.273
i1 i2 0.00727 mA
10
(c) O 10 1.35 1.20 1.5 V
1.35
i3 i4 0.0123 mA
11 10
10
X Y 1.35 1.227 V
11
1.2 1.227
i1 i2 0.00273 mA
10
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.64
(a) I E 1 IB 76 1.2 91.2 mA
10
R R 109.6
91.2
(b) I E 101 0.2 20.2 mA
10
R 0.495 k
20.2
6
(c) I E 54.74 mA
0.1096
54.74
IO 0.72 mA
76
4
(d) I E 8.08 mA
0.495
8.08
IO 0.080 mA
101
______________________________________________________________________________________
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.65
R2
(a) O1 CM
R1
R4 R2
O2 CM 1
R3 R4 R1
R4
R3 R2 R2
O O1 O2 1 CM
R4 R1 R1
1
R3
R4 R2 R2 R4 R4 R2
1 1
O
R3 R1 R1 R3 R3 R1
ACM
R4 R4
CM
1 1
R3 R3
86.4 62.4
9.6 10.4 9 6
(b) ACM 0.3
86.4 10
1
9.6
80.8 79.2
(c) ACM 19.8 20.2 0.03149
80.8
1
19.8
or
79.2 80.8
ACM 20.2 19.8 0.0325
79.2
1
20.2
ACM max
0.0325
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.66
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

vI 1 v A v A vB v A v0
(1)
R1 R2 Rv R2
vI 2 vB vB vA vB
(2)
R1 R2 Rv R2
R1 R2
v vA vI 1 (3)
R1 R2 R1 R2
R1 R2
v vB vI 2 (4)
R1 R2 R1 R2
Now v v R1v A R2 vI 1 R1vB R2 vI 2
R2
So that v A vB vI 2 vI 1
R1
vI 1 1 1 1 vB v0
vA 1
R1 R2 R1 R2 RV R2 RV R2
vI 2 1 1 1 vA
vB 2
R1 R2 R1 R2 RV R2 RV
Then
vI 1 1 1 1 vB v0 R2 1 1 1
vB vI 2 vI 1 (1)
R1 R2 R1 R2 RV R2 RV R2 R1 R1 R2 RV R2
vI 2 1 1 1 1 R2
vB vB vI 2 vI 1 (2)
R1 R2 R1 R2 RV R2 RV R1
Subtract (2) from (1)
1 R2 1 1 1 v0 1 R2
vI 1 vI 2 vI 2 vI 1 vI 2 vI 1
R1 R2 R1 R1 R2 RV R2 R2 RV R1
v0 R2 1 1 1 1 1 R2
vI 2 vI 1
R2 R1 R1 R2 RV R2 R1 R2 RV R1
R2 R2 R2 R1 R2
v0 vI 2 vI 1 1
R1 R1 R2 RV R1 R2 RV
2 R2 R2
v0 1 vI 2 vI 1
R1 RV
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.67
I1 I2 1.2 0.08 sin t 1.2 0.08 sin t
(a) i1 i1 16 sin t ( A)
R1 10
O1 1.2 0.08 sin t 0.016 sin t 40 1.2 0.72 sin t (V)
O2 1.2 0.08 sin t 0.016 sin t 40 1.2 0.72 sin t (V)
R4 120
O O2 O1 2 0.72 sin t 4.32 sin t (V)
R3 40
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

0.65 0.05 sin t 0.60 0.05 sin t

(b) ii
10
i1 5 10 sin t ( A)
O1 0.65 0.05 sin t 40 0.005 0.010 sin t 0.85 0.45 sin t (V)
O2 0.60 0.05 sin t 40 0.005 0.01 sin t 0.40 0.45 sin t (V)
120
O 0.40 0.45 sin t 0.85 0.45 sin t 1.35 2.7 sin t (V)
40
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.68
40
vOB 1 vI 2.1667sin t
(a) 12
30
vOC vI 1.25sin t
(b) 12
(c)
vO vOB vOC 2.1667 sin t 1.25sin t
vO 3.417 sin t
vO 3.417
6.83
vI 0.5
(d)
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.69
I1 I2
(a) iO
R
0.25 0.25
(b) R R 100
5
(c) O1 I1 i O R L 0.25 5 1 5.25 V
O2 I2 0.25 V
I1 1.25 1.75
I2
(d) iO 1 mA
R 0. 5
O1 I1 i O R L 1.25 1 3 1.75 V
O2 I2 1.75 V
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.70
vO R4 2 R2
Ad 1
vI 2 vI 1 R3 R1
200 2 115
vO 1 0.06sin t
50 R1
230
For vO 0.5 1.0833 R1 212.3 K
R1
230
vO 8V 32.33 R1 7.11 K R1 f 7.11 K, R1 (potentiometer) 205.2 K
R1
______________________________________________________________________________________
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.71
10
For O 10 V, Ad 200 I2 I1 0.05 V
200
0.05
R1 fixed 6
R1 fixed 1k
50 10
R4 2R2
Ad 1
R3 R1
2R2
200 2. 5 1 R2 39.5 k
1
For Ad 5
2 39.5
5 2 .5 1 R1 79 R1 var R1 fixed R1 var 1
R1
R1 var 78 k
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.72
R4
O O1 O1
R3
R4 R4
O O2 1 O2
R3 R4 R3
O O O1 O O2 and O1 O2 CM
Then
O R4 R4 R4
ACM 1
CM R3 R4 R3 R3
R4 2 R3 60 k , R3 30 k , R3 30 k 5%
For R3 30 k 5% 28.5 k
60 60 60
ACM 1 0.03509
60 30 28.5 28.5
For R3 30 k 5% 31.5 k
60 60 60
ACM 1 0.03175
60 30 31.5 31.5
Then 0.03509 ACM 0.03175
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.73
(a) R1C 2 20 10 3 0.02 10 6
4 10 4 s
1 0.25
O 4
0.25 cos tdt sin t
4 10 4 10 4
4
For O 0.25 4 10 2 f 1 f 398 Hz
Phase 90
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

0.25
(b) (i) O 1.5 4
f 66.3 Hz
2 f 4 10
0.25
(ii) O 0.15 f 663 Hz
2 f 4 10 4
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.74
t
1 1 1.2
(a) O I t dt 0.25 t
R1C 2 0
R1C 2 0

0.25 1.2
5 R1C 2 60 ms
R1C 2
0.10
(b) (i) 0 t5 t 3 s, t 4.2 s
0.06
0.10
(ii) 5 5 t t 6 s, t 7.2 s
0.06
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.75
1
R2
Z2 1 j C2 R2
(a) A , where Z 2 R2
R1 j C2 1 1 j R2 C 2
R2
j C2
R2 1
A
R1 1 j R2 C 2
R2
(b) At 0, A 0
R1
R2 1
(c) A
R1 1 R2 C 2
2

1 2 1
Set 1 R2 C 2 f 2
R2 C 2 2 R2 C 2
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.76
(a) R1 20 k
R2
15 R2 300 k
R1
1
2 f
R2 C 2
1 1
C2 3
C2 106 pF
2 fR 2 2 5 10 300 10 3
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

(b) R1 15 k
R2
25 R2 375 k
R1
1
C2 C 2 28.3 pF
2 15 10 375 10 3 3

______________________________________________________________________________________

9.77
R2 1 1 j R1C1
(a) A , where Z 1 R1
Z1 j C1 j C1
j R 2 C1 R2 j R1C1
A
1 j R1C1 R1 1 j R1C1
R2
(b) As , A
R1
R2 R1C1
(c) A
R1 1 R1C1
2

R1C1 1 1 1
Set f
1 R1C1
2
2 R1C1 2 R1C1
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.78
(a) Set R 2 350 k
R2
15 R1 23.33 k
R1
1 1 1
2 f C1 C1 341 pF
R1C1 2 R1 f 2 23.33 10 3 20 10 3
(b) Set R1 20 k
R2
25 R2 500 k
R1
1
C1 C1 227 pF
2 20 10 3 35 10 3
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.79
Assuming the Zener diode is in breakdown,
R2 1
vO Vz 6.8 vO 6.8 V
R1 1
0 vO 0 6.8
i2 i2 6.8 mA
R2 1
10 Vz 10 6.8
iz i2 6.8 iz 6.2 mA!!!
Rs 5.6
Circuit is not in breakdown. Now
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

10 0 10
i2 i2 1.52 mA
Rs R1 5.6 1
vO i2 R2 1.52 1 vO 1.52 V
iz 0
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.80
vI vI vI
vO VT ln 0.026 ln vO 0.026 ln
I s R1 10 14
10 4
10 10
For vI 20 mV , vO 0.497 V
For vI 2 V , vO 0.617 V

______________________________________________________________________________________
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.81
333
v0 v01 v02 16.65 v01 v02
20
iC1
v01 vBE1 VT ln
IS
iC 2
v02 vBE 2 VT ln
IS
iC1 iC 2
v01 v02 VT ln VT ln
iC 2 iC1
v2 v1
iC 2 , iC1
R2 R1
v2 R1
So v01 v02 VT ln
R2 v1
Then
v2 R1
v0 16.65 0.026 ln
v1 R2
v2 R1
v0 0.4329 ln
v1 R2
ln x log e x log10 x log e 10
2.3026 log10 x
v2 R1
Then v0 1.0 log10
v1 R2
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.82
vO I s R evI / VT 10 14
104 evI / VT
vO 10 10
evI / 0.026
5
For vI 0.30 V , vo 1.03 10 V
For vI 0.60 V , vo 1.05 V

______________________________________________________________________________________
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.83
From Figure 9.40
RF RF RF RP RP
O I2 I4 1 I1 I3
R1 R2 RN RA RB
10 I2 I4 2 I1 3 I3

RF RF RF RP RF RP
Then 10 , 1, 1 2, 1 3
R1 R2 RN RA RN RB
Set R F 500 k , R1 50 k , R2 500 k
Now R N R1 R 2 50 500 45.45 k
500 RP RP 500 RP RP
Then 1 12 2 , Also 1 12 3
45.45 RA RA 45.45 RB RB
2
Let R A 500 k , then R B RA 333.3 k
3
Then R P 83.33 k R A R B RC
We find R A R B 500 333.3 200 k
So 200 RC 83.33 RC 142.8 k
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.84
RF RP RP RP RR RF
O 1 I1 I2 I3 I4 I5
RN RA RB RC R1 R2
3 I1 1.5 I2 2 I3 4 I4 6 I5

R R
We have F 4, F 6 ; Set R F 250 k , R1 62.5 k , R2 41.67 k
R1 R2
Now R N R1 R 2 62.5 41.67 25 k
RF 250
Also 1 1 11
RN 25
11 R P 11 R P 11 R P RA 1 RA 2
Now 3, 1.5 , 2 ,
RA RB RC RB 2 RC 3
Set R B 250 k , RA 125 k , RC 187.5 k
This yields R P 34.09 k , We have R p R A R B RC R D
We find R A R B RC 125 250 187.5 57.69 k
Then 57.69 R D 83.3 k 34.09 RD
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.85
VO R2 12 R2
1 1.143
VZ R1 5.6 R1
VO V Z
IF ; Set I F I Z min 1.2 mA
RF
12 5.6
Then R F 5.33 k
1. 2
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

Set I D1 0.15 mA
VZ VZ V 5.6 0.7 6.3 V
6. 3
Let I 4 0.2 mA, R4 31.5 k
0.2
Then I 3 0.2 0.15 0.35 mA
VS
10 6.3VZ
So R3 10.6 k
I3 0.35
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.86
VO V Z 12 5.6
R1 3.2 k
IZ 2
VO R2 12 R2
1 1.143
VZ R3 5.6 R3
VO 12
Let I R 2 mA, R2 R3 6k
IR 2
Then 1.143R3 R3 6, R3 2 .8 k and R 2 3 .2 k
V IN VO 15 12
Let I R 4 4 mA, R 4 0.75 k
I R4 4
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.87
Let R1 R2 R3 20 k
Let RT 20 1 k
R3 1
Now O1 A V 10 5V
R3 R1 2
RT 20 1 10 1
O2 B V 10
RT R2 20 1 20 2
10 1 52 10 1 5
So OA A B 5 2.5
2 2 2
T 300
We have y ; At T 350 , RT 21 k , 21 20 1 0.05
300
350 300
Then 0.05 y y 0.30
300
For 0.05 , OA 2.5 0.05 0.125 V
R4 2 R2
For the instrumentation amplifier, O 5 1 0.125
R3 R1
R4 R
For example, set 4 and 2 4.5
R3 R1
______________________________________________________________________________________
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition Chapter 9
By D. A. Neamen Problem Solutions
______________________________________________________________________________________

9.88
R R R R
(a) A V V
R R R R 2R
R R R R
B V V
R R R R 2R
R R R R R 9
O1 A B V V R
2R 2R R 20 10 3
or O1 4.5 10 4 R
(b) For an instrumentation amplifier,
R4 2R2
O 1 O1
R3 R1
For R 200 , O 5V
R4 2R2 4
5 1 4.5 10 200
R3 R1
R4 2R2
or 55.55 1
R3 R1
R4 R
For example, set6 and 2 4.13
R3 R1
______________________________________________________________________________________