SQL- Notes

The document provides a comprehensive guide on how to connect to a MySQL database using the mysql-connector-python library in Python. It includes installation instructions, steps for creating database connectivity, executing SQL queries, and performing insert, update, and delete operations. Additionally, it covers how to create databases and tables, as well as how to fetch data from the database using various methods.

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SQL- Notes

Uploaded by

Gayatrinayak Nayak

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Introduction - When you design real life applications, you are bound to encounter situations wherein you need to manipulate data stored in a database through an application designed by you. + In order to connect to a database from within the python , you need a library that provides connectivity functionality. There are so many libraries , but we will use mysql connector library.— Installing “Write the following command: pip install mysql-connector-python in the command prompt. -After installing , open Python shell and write import mysql.connector *If it will not show any error , it means you have successfully installed it.__Steps for creating Database Connectivity Import the package mysql.connector Open a connection to a database Re EOC Led rere Ne tang | Source me Tec Ney UB uScIel (aco (ech mer Menno rn agimport mysql.connector import mysql.connector or import mysql.connector as sqltor oe eensi Open a connection to a mysq! database con=mysql.connector.connect(host = , user = , password = , database=) (connect ()is the function used to establish connection betweer Python and MySQL. connect() method uses 4 arguments which are keyword arguments) con=mysql.connector.connect(host = ‘localhost’ , user = ‘root’ , password = ‘1234, database= ‘school’)= ————e Create cursor instance A database cursor is a special control structure that facilitates the row by row processing of records in the resultset , i.e. set of records retrieved as per query. = . cursor() Execute SQL query Once you have created a cursor , you can execute SQL query using execute() function with cursor object. Syntax: . execute()Example import mysql . connector con = mysql . connector . connect ( host = “localhost” , user = “root” , password = “123”) cur = con. cursor () cur. execute(“create database student”) print (“query executed”)Extract data fromre data = cursor . fetchall() - Returns all the records retrieved as per query ina tuple form. data = cursor . fetchone() - It will return one record from the resultset as a tuple. First time , it will fetch the first record, next time it will fetch the second record. If there is nothing to fetch then it will return None data = cursor . fetchmany(n) - This method fetches n records in the form of a tuple. If nothing is mention then it will return one value. If there is nothing to fetch then it will return []. variable = cursor . rowcount - This property of a cursor returns the number of rows retrieved.import mysql . connector con = mysql . connector . connect ( host = “localhost” , user = “root” , password = “123” , database =“school”) cur = con. cursor () cur . execute(“select* from student”) data=cur. fetchall() for i in data: print(i) print(“Total no. of rows retrieved” , cur.rowcount)Example import mysql . connector con = mysql . connector . connect ( host = “localhost” , user = “root” , password = “123” , database =“school”) cur = con. cursor () cur. execute(“select* from student”) data=cur. fetchone() print(i) print(“Total no. of rows retrieved” , cur.rowcount)import mysql . connector con = mysql . connector . connect ( host = “localhost” , user = “root” , password = “123” , database =“school”) cur = con. cursor () cur. execute(“select* from student”) data=cur. fetchmany(4) #it will fetch first 4 records for i in data: print(i) print(“Total no. of rows retrieved” , cur.rowcount) data=cur. fetchmany(4) #it will fetch next 4 records for i in data: print(i) print(“Total no. of rows retrieved” , cur.rowcount)(When we want user to input , then we use parameterized queries) (i) Old Style : String Templates with % formatting fv Where, fis a template string (it is a string ie. Query of SQL) v specifies the values to be formatted using the template. v must bea tuple. “select * from student where name=‘ %s’ ” % (‘akash’,) (NOTE: %v is the value. In the above example %s is the format specifier which will be replaced by the value i.e. 70. the value in the bracket should bea tuple, if there is only one value then it becomes compulsory to put comma(,). If the value is string then %s will be in single quotes)ew Style : String Template with % formatting str= “select * from student where marks > {} and section = ‘{}’ “ . format (70,'B’) Example-1 import mysql . connector con=mysql . connector . connect (host=localhost’ , password=123’ , user=root’ , database=‘school’ ) if con. is_connected() : print(“connection successfully”) cur= con.cursor() cur.execute(“select * from student where avgmark>85”) data=cur.fetchall() for i in data: print(i)Example-2 (Take input from user) import mysql . connector con=mysq] . connector . connect (host=‘localhost’ , password='123’ , user=root’ , database=‘school’ ) if con. is_connected() : print(“connection successfully”) cur= con.cursor() m=int(input(“enter marks:”)) query=“select * from student where avgmark > %s” % (m,) cur.execute(query) data=cur.fetchall() fori in data: print(i)Example-3 (Take more than 1 input from user) import mysql . connector con=mysql . connector . connect (host=‘localhost’ , password='123’ , user=root’ , database=‘school’ ) if con. is_connected() : print(“connection successfully”) cur= con.cursor() m=int(input(“enter marks:”)) s= input(“enter stream:”) query=“select * from student where avgmark > %s and stream=‘%s’” % (m,s) cur.execute(query) data=cur.fetchall() for iin data: print(i)Example-4 (Using New Style method) import mysql . connector con=mysql . connector . connect (host=‘localhost’ , password="123’ , user=root’ , database=‘school’ ) if con. is_connected() : print(“connection successfully”) cur= con.cursor() m=int(input(“enter marks:”)) s= input(“enter stream:”) query=“select * from student where avgmark >{} and stream= ‘{} cur.execute(query) data=cur.fetchall() for iin data: print(i) . format (m,s)insert, update and delete operations insert operation import mysql! . connector con=mysql . connector . connect (host=‘localhost’ , password='123’ , user=root’ , database=‘school’ ) cur= con.cursor() r= int( input(“enter rollno”) ) n= input(“enter name”) int( input(“enter marks”) ) s = input(“enter stream”) query= “insert into std values( {} , ‘{}’ , {}, {}’ )” .format(r,n,m,s) cur.execute(query) con.commit() # to reflect the values in the database we use commit() function. print(“row inserted successfully”)update operation import mysql . connector con=mysql . connector . connect (host='localhost’ , password='123’ , user=root’ , database=‘school’ ) cur= con.cursor() query= “ update std set marks=50 where rollno=9” cur.execute(query) con.commit() # to reflect the values in the database we use commit() function. print(“row updated successfully”)delete operation : import mysql . connector con=mysql . connector . connect (host=‘localhost’ , password="123’ , user=root’ , database=‘school’ ) cur= con.cursor() s =input(“enter stream”) query= “delete from std where stream= ‘{}’ ” .format(s) cur.execute(query) con.commit() # to reflect the values in the database we use commit() function. print(“row(s) deleted successfully”)Create database import mysql . connector con=mysql . connector . connect (host=‘localhost’ , password=123’ , user=root’ ) cur= con.cursor() cur.execute(“create database books”) print(“database created”) Create table import mysql] . connector con=mysql . connector . connect (host=‘localhost’ , password="123’ , user=root’ , database =‘books’ ) cur= con.cursor() cur.execute(“create table compsci( Bno integer , Bname varchar(40) , Price float)”) print(“table created”)Insert values in table import mysql . connector con=mysql . connector . connect (host=‘localhost’ , password='123’ , user=root’, database=‘books’ ) cur= con.cursor() while True : int(input(“enter book number:”)) put(“enter book name:”) p=float(input(“enter price:”)) query=“insert into compsci values ({} , ‘{}’, {})” . format(no , n, p) cur.execute(query) con.commit() print(“row inserted”) ch= input( “do you want to continue?(y/n) ” ) if ch ==‘n’: break