PURCOMM REVIEWER

CHAP 1: WRITING FOR VARUIOS PURPOSES

Essay – Is a non-fiction work and has one subjsect, main point, specific purpose. Written in a
personal way. Well – connected paragraphs.
TYPES OF AN ESSAY
Descriptive Essay - We use words to paint pictures. We describe a person, place, object,
event, or idea. Details often come from our senses—smell, taste, touch, hearing, and sight.
Narrative Essay - Telling a Story. Narration means to recite the details, experience or event
in the order.
Expository Essay - Presenting the Facts. Exposition means to inform, clarify, or explain.
Informative in nature; answers the questions how and why.
Persuasive Essay: Convincing the Reader. Also presents facts, but its goal is to convince the
readers to accept the writer’s point of view or recommendation.
PARTS OF AN ESSAY
Title - It should be memorable. It should be in title case. Do not capitalize articles,
prepositions, conjunctions in the title unless they start the title.
Introductory Line - It should catch and grab the attention of the readers. In the form of a
statement, question, or rhetoric.
Thesis Statement - This is the controlling mechanism or the focused topic that states the
purpose, method of discussion, and the point of discussion.
Supporting Paragraphs - Also known as the body of the essay. It is composed of supporting
paragraphs that explain the thesis statement.
Conclusion: This the last paragraph in the essay designed to bring the discussion to a
satisfying close. It can be a restatement of the thesis statement, a thoughtful remark about
the topic, or simply a summary of the supporting paragraphs in the body.
Paragraph - is a group of sentences that fleshes out a single idea. For a paragraph to be
effective, it must begin with a topic sentence, have sentences that support the main idea,
and maintain a consistent flow.
Paragraph Development – Must have a Topic Sentence. Sentence that support the main idea
2 ELEMENTS OF GOOD PARAGRAPH
Unity – Each paragraph is focused solely on a single idea, point, or argument that is being
discussed.
Coherence - The flow of writing. It is important that sentences in the paragraph follow one
another in a natural sequence. Using structural or transitional devices show the logical
connections between sentences.
Transitional Devices -I was too tired (additionally, otherwise, therefore) I decided to sleep.
Methods of Paragraph Development
Definition - The topic sentence identifies a term and suggests the overall context in which it
is used.
Sequence - Writing to describe a series of events or a process in sort of order. Usually, this
order is based on time.
Comparison and Contrast - is used when similarities and differences of two or more actions,
ideas, or events are being discussed.
Cause and Effect - shows the relationship between two things when one thing makes the
other thing happen. Usually, the expressions “if…then” are used in this type of paragraphs.
Process - is a series of steps that lead to a desired result. It explains how to do, create, or
understand something. In writing such, we must know the procedures down to the smallest
detail.
Analogy - Is an expression of similarity between two unlike things. This type of paragraph
development is used to explain something unknown in terms of something known.
WRITING PROCESS
Prewriting - Is anything that is done before even writing the draft of the document. It
includes thinking, taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering
information. Prewriting includes: Building on Your Idea, planning & structuring.
Drafting - Occurs when we put our ideas into sentences and paragraphs. It is in this stage
where we concentrate on explaining and supporting our ideas fully.
Revising - Is the key to effective documents. In this stage, we think more deeply about our
readers’ needs and expectations. Revising includes: Add, Re-arrange, remove, replace.
Editing - This is the stage to fine tune the document line by line. Check for repetition,
clarity, grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
Writing Process – Prewriting, Drafting, Revising, Editing.

CHAP 2: PUBLIC SPEKING

Manuscript Reading - Speaker reads word for word from a written copy.
Memorized Speech - Rote recitation of a written copy.
Impromptu Speech - Delivered without advance preparation
Extemporaneous Speech - A speech that is planned and rehearsed.
TYPES OF SPEECHES
Informative speech - Share one’s knowledge of a subject to an audience.
Persuasive Speech - Speaker convinces or motivates others to change their beliefs, take
action, or reconsider a decision.
Entertaining Speech - •Delivered in various occasions that require to ‘entertain’ the audience.
Speaker provides pleasure and enjoyment to make the audience laugh.
PREPARING A SPEECH
Audience - The effectiveness of our speeches can be determined by our ability to align our
message and content to the audience.
Occasion - ‘when’, recent events, the time of the day, and its placement in between other
speeches. where’ size of the hall or room where we are to speak determines the visual aids
to use and the level of intimacy to build with the audience.
STRUCTURING THE SPEECH
Introduction
1. Grab the Audience’s Attention: • Begin with a joke, a trivia, an anecdote, or rhetorical
questions
2. Establish Goodwill and Credibility: • Establish confidence and audience rapport
Body - Making main points concise and comprehensive
•3-point speech rule
•5-point speech rule
Conclusion - Summarize the main points.
DELIVERING THE SPEECH
Speech Delivery - The art of using the voice and the body to perform a rhetorical discourse.
NINE PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE PUBLIC SPEAKING
People - You have to know your audience.
Perception - Stop trying to be a great “public” speaker.
Perfection - When you make a mistake, no one cares but you.
Visualization - If you can see it, you can speak it.
Discipline - Practice makes perfectly good.
Description - Make it personal.
Inspiration - Speak to serve.
Anticipation - Always leave them wanting more.
Flexibility - Know when to adjust. The Bottom Line

CHAP 3: COMMUNICATION FOR WORK PURPOSES

Correspondence - Communication is done by exchanging letters, emails, or other messages.

Business Records/Workplace Documents - Provide information and instructions; calls for
specific actions to be carried out.
Business Letter - It is an instrument of decision-making in the professional world.
IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS LETTERS
Business letters help in maintaining proper relationships.
Business letters are inexpensive and convenient.
Business letters create and maintain goodwill.
Business letters serve as evidence.
PARTS OF A BUSINESS LETTER
Heading or Letterhead
•Contact information of the business •Name
•Postal address
•Email address
•Phone numbers
•Logo of the business
Date
•When the letter was written •Month-Day-Year format (American)
•Day-Month-Year (British)
Inside Address
•Name
•Position
•Company
•Address of the person to whom the letter is to be sent
Inside address – salutation (greeting of the letter) Colon
Body - Actual message. Three to five paragraphs are ideal. It is written two lines after the
salutation.
Complimentary Close - A short, polite expression followed by a comma.
•“Yours truly,” - someone with the same rank; •“Respectfully yours,” - someone above your
rank; and •“Sincerely,” - personal relationship with the recipient .
Signature Block - This is written four lines after the close. Signature should be placed using
black or blue ink.
Optional Parts
Enclosures/ Enclosure Notation: This lists the documents attached with the letter.
b. Copy Circulation – this is included when copies of the letter are also sent to people apart
from the recipient. ( cc: The President) CC – Copy Circulation/Carbon
Postscript - This is written to add information not necessarily related to the letter like a
personal note. It is expressed as P.S. in the letter.
CHAP 4: THE RESUME
Curriculum Vitae vs Resume
Curriculum Vitae - “course of life” Course of your academic and professional
accomplishments. •Formatted in chronological order and starts with educational experience.
Resume - A resume is a marketing tool that showcases your skills and qualifications.
It is an advertisement wherein you are the product.
RESUME FORMATS
Chronological Format - This format is recommended for those who are new to the
workforce or those who have limited experience. Work experience is the part highlighted
•Related experiences are to be listed in reverse chronological order (starting with the most
recent) Recommended format for fresh graduates.
Functional Format - The skills-based format; accomplishments over work experience.
Recommended for people who have large gaps in their work history or those who have had
several work experiences.
Combination/ Hybrid Format - This format combines the chronological and functional
formats and puts equal emphasis on your skills and work experience.
Components of a Resume Layout
•Recommended is one page (you may exceed)
•Stick to one format (font style, margin, color)
•Use easy-to-read font styles; font size for the content is around 11-12, the headings is 14,
and the contact details up to 24
•Divide the resume into clear and distinct sections (lines may be used as divider)
•Avoid using fancy graphics or images in your resume unless the position you are applying
for requires it (graphic designer).
• Set an appropriate margin. The recommended margin for resume is one inch on all sides,
but not lower than .5”.
Contact Information
•Name (largest font size)
•Mailing Address
•Contact Numbers (personal phone number)
•Email Address (professional-sounding) •Social media (LinkedIn)/Online Portfolio
Resume Introduction
Grab the attention of the reader.
•Summary of relevant skills and qualifications.
RESUME INTRODUCTION
Two kinds of resume introductions:
Summary of Qualifications - This is a bullet-point list enumerating your outstanding
achievements.
Career Objective - This is an overview of your skills and experiences written in about two to
three sentences. This intro is recommended for fresh graduates.
Some Guidelines
•Make sure to give employers something that focuses on their needs as well as your own.
•Show how valuable you can be to the employer.
Work Experience
Headings: (must be listed in reverse-chronological order) •Professional Experience/ •Work
History/ •Employment Experience
Each job should have its own subheading that includes:
•Position/ Job Title, •Company, •Company Address, •Start and End Dates
No Work Experience?
•For student resumes, you may include your practicum experience/volunteer activities.
Education
•Degree/ Level , •Name of College/ University, •Location ,•Year Graduated
•Highest level of education or other courses that were taken which are relevant to the
position.
•Academic achievements like awards received or your GWA.
Skills and Abilities
Hard Skills refer to concrete and measurable abilities that are learned through education and
training. • language fluency
• graphic design
• ability to use specific computer applications and programs.
Soft Skills are usually traits that affect your ability to work and interact with others.
•Perseverance , •Teamwork , •Leadership ,•Time management
Additional Sections Achievements
•Awards received in the academe, in the workplace or organizations, scholarships, and the
like.
Certifications - This refers to professional designations or certificate courses that you
earned.
References - Include at least three people you have a professional relationship and can attest
to your work ethics.
Additional Tips
•Be selective with what you include on the resume. •Always proofread your resume.
•Tell the truth.