Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III-CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF PAMPANGA

BASIC CALCULUS
Module 2.1
Limits of Exponential, Logarithmic and
Trigonometric Functions using Table of Values and
Graphs of the Function

LEIGH ANN D. SAHAGUN

TEACHER II
WRITER

JANE P. VALENCIA, EdD

Strategic Intervention
EPSMaterial in Senior High School:
I – MATHEMATICS
Basic Calculus
GUIDE CARD

Hi! I’m Angela, I love to support others, so I am here to

help you with Limits of Exponential, Logarithmic and
Trigonometric functions.

Hey, Angela! I would like to help you also. I’m Leslie, by the
way. Let’s start with exponential function by defining ℯ, it
stands for Euler number that has a value of 2.718281....

That’s right! Let’s continue.

If we want to evaluate lim ℯ 𝑥 , we will use tables and

𝑥 →0
graphs.

lim− ℯ 𝑥
𝑥 →0

These are the values of x lim+ ℯ 𝑥

𝑥 →0
to the left of zero
These are the values of x
to the right of zero

If we are to
combine the
two-sided limits
we can
conclude

lim ℯ 𝑥 = 1
𝑥 →0

We can use the graph

𝑓 ሺ𝑥 ሻ = ℯ 𝑥

As you can observe, as the value of

x approaches 0 (either from right or
left), the value of 𝑓ሺ𝑥 ሻ or y get closer
to 1.

Strategic Intervention Material in Senior High School – Basic Calculus

GUIDE CARD
How about evaluating limits for logarithmic function?

𝑓 ሺ𝑥 ሻ = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 , Let us recall that 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = log 𝑒 𝑥

Moreover, it is the inverse of the natural function 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 .

Let us try to evaluate lim ln 𝑥

𝑥→1

lim ln 𝑥 lim ln 𝑥
𝑥 →1−
𝑥 →1∓
These are the values of x
These are the values of x
to the left of one
to the right of one If we are to
combine the
two-sided limits
we can
conclude

lim ln 𝑥 = 0
𝑥 →1

How about for common logarithm function ሺ𝑥 ሻ =

log10 𝑥 ?

Let us first recall that 𝑓ሺ𝑥 ሻ = log10 𝑥 = log 𝑥

Angela, can you show us how to evaluate lim log 𝑥?

𝑥→1

lim log 𝑥 Sure I can!

𝑥 →1−

These are the values of

x to the left of one

lim log 𝑥
𝑥 →1∓

These are the values of x

to the right of one

If we are to combine the two-sided limits we can conclude lim log 𝑥 = 0

𝑥 →1

Strategic Intervention Material in Senior High School – Basic Calculus

GUIDE CARD

This is the graph for the natural

and common logarithm
functions. This graph is helpful
to determine the limits as x
approaches 1.

Let us move to evaluating

trigonometric functions,

Let us try lim sin 𝑥

𝑥→0

These are the values These are the

of x and f(x) values of x and f(x)
[LEFT OF 0] [RIGHT OF 0]

If we are to combine the two-sided limits we can conclude

lim sin 𝑥 = 0
𝑥 →0

Special Reminder: Turn your scientific calculator in Radian Mode for

the Trigonometric Functions

Strategic Intervention Material in Senior High School – Basic Calculus

ACTIVITY CARD #1
How about more examples?

Let’s start with exponential function. A. Evaluate lim 𝑒 𝑥+1 .

𝑥→0
Solve for the missing values.

Left of 𝑥 = 0 Right of 𝑥 = 0 Thus, lim 𝑒 𝑥+1 = #5? #5

𝑥→0

#3
Note: Use calculator to solve and
substitute the x values to the
#1
given function.

#2 #4

How about B. lim lnሺ𝑥 + 1ሻ?

𝑥→1

Left of 𝑥 = 1 Right of 𝑥 = 1

Thus, lim lnሺ𝑥 + 1ሻ = #5

𝑥→1

#3

#1

#2 #4

Strategic Intervention Material in Senior High School – Basic Calculus

ACTIVITY CARD #2

You’re doing great. Here are more examples.

A. Evaluate lim cos 𝑥 . Find the missing answers.

𝑥→0

Left of 𝑥 = 0 Right of 𝑥 = 0 Thus, lim cos 𝑥 =

𝑥→0
x f(x) x f(x)
-1 0.540302306
#1 1 0.540302306
-0.5 0.877582562 0.5 0.877582562 Note: You cannot solve this
-0.1 0.995004165 0.1 0.995004165 without the help of scientific
-0.01 0.99995 0.01 0.99995
#3 calculator.
-0.001 0.9999995 0.001 0.99999950000
-0.0001 0.999999995
#2 #4
0.0001 0.99999999500

How about B. lim logሺ𝑥 + 1ሻ?

𝑥→1

Left of 𝑥 = 1 Right of 𝑥 = 1

Thus, lim logሺ𝑥 + 1ሻ = #5

𝑥→1

#1
#3
#2 #4

Strategic Intervention Material in Senior High School – Basic Calculus

ASSESSMENT CARD

Let’s see if you can do it on your own. Here are some

rules to accomplish this:

Here are the rules:

1. Do not write anything to this material.

2. Read, and understand the instruction.
3. Do not move to the second activity unless you finished
answering the first one.

4. Do not refer to the Answer Card, if you are not finished

with the activity.

5. Follow all rules, and be honest.

Evaluate the following functions:

𝜋
1. lim cosሺ𝑥 + 2 ሻ
𝑥→0

2. lim 𝑒 𝑥−1
𝑥→1

Strategic Intervention Material in Senior High School – Basic Calculus

ENRICHMENT CARD

Evaluate the last function by constructing the table of

values.

lim lnሺ𝑥 2 + 1ሻ
𝑥→0

Congratulations! Did you answer them correctly? I

hope you did.

I hope you learned a lot. Keep going!

Strategic Intervention Material in Senior High School – Basic Calculus

REFERENCE CARD

 Basic Calculus Learner’s Material

 Basic Calculus Teacher’s Material

ANSWER CARD

Activity #2
Activity #1
A1 - 0.5403023
A1 - 2.691234472 A2-0.999999995
A2 - 2.718254646 A3 - 0.999950
A3 - 4.48168907 A4-0.999999995
Enrichment
A4 - 2.718309011 A5 – 1
A5 – 2.71 lim ሺ𝑥 2 + 1ሻ = 0
B1 - 0.300812794 𝑥→0
B1 - 0.692647055 B2 - 0.301027824
B2 - 0.69314218 B3 - 0.301051709
B3 - 1.098612289 B4 - 0.301032167
B4 - 0.69315218 B5 – 0.301
B5 – 0.69

Strategic Intervention Material in Senior High School – Basic Calculus