MATHEMATICS

F.Sc / ICS – 2nd Year

Question Bank

Chapter 1 (Functions and Limits)

Exercise 1.1 (Short Questions)
1. (i) Define constant function with example.
(ii) Define rational function. Give one example also.
(iii) Define explicit function with example.
(iv) Define implicit function with example.
(v) Define exponential function with example.
(vi) Define even function with example.
2. (i) If f ( x)  x  4 then find f ( x  1). (ii) Let f ( x)  x2  x, find the value of f ( x  1).
3. f ( a  h)  f ( a )
Given that f ( x)  cos x, find and simplify.
h
4. Express the following:
(a) The perimeter P of a square as a function of its area A.
(b) The area A of a circle as a function of its circumference C.
(c) The volume V of a cube as the function of area A of its base.
5. Find the domain and range of
(i) f ( x)  x  1 (ii) f ( x)  x 2  4 (iii) f ( x)  2 x  5
6. Show that the parametric equations:
(i) x  at 2 , y  2at represent the equation of parabola y 2  4ax
x2 y 2
(ii) x  a cos , y  b sin  represent the equation of ellipse  1
a 2 b2
x2 y 2
(iii) x  a sec , y  b tan  represent the equation of hyperbola 2  2  1
a b
7. Prove that (i) cosh x  sinh x  cosh 2 x
2 2
(ii) sech 2 x  1  tanh 2 x
(iii) cosh 2 x  sinh 2 x  1 (iv) sinh 2x  2sinh x cosh x
8. Determine whether the given function f is even or odd.
x3  6
2
(i) f ( x)  x x 2  5 (ii) f ( x)  x 3  6 (iii) f ( x) 
x2  1
3x
(iv) f ( x)  (iv) f ( x)  sin x  cos x
x 1
2

Exercise 1.2 (Short Questions)

1. Find (a) fog ( x) (b) gof ( x) (c) fof ( x) (d) gog ( x)
3 1
If (i) f ( x)  2 x  1, g ( x)  , x  1. (ii) f ( x)  x  1, g ( x)  2 , x  0
x 1 x
2
(iii) f ( x)  3 x 4  2 x 2 , g ( x)  , x0
x
2. Find f 1 ( x ) if (i) f ( x)  2 x  8 (ii) f ( x)  ( x  9)3
2x 1
(iii) f ( x)  , x 1
x 1
Exercise 1.3 (Short Questions)
1  cos  x 3
1. Evaluate Lim 2. Evaluate Lim
0  x 0 x 3
 2  3x xa  a
3. Evaluate Lim 4. Evaluate Lim
x 
3  4x 2
x 0 x
x 1 2
x  3x 2  3x  1
3
5. Evaluate Lim 2 6. Evaluate Lim
x 1 x  x x 1 x3  x
 x3  x 2  x 2
7. Evaluate Lim  2  8. Evaluate Lim
x 1
 x 1  x 0 x2
xh  x sin x o
Evaluate Lim Evaluate Lim
9. h 0 h 10. x 0 x

1  cos  sin x
11. Evaluate Lim 12. Evaluate Lim
0 sin  x    x

sin ax 1  cos 2 x
13. Evaluate Lim 14. Evaluate Lim
x 0 sin bx x 0 x2
15. Express each limit in terms of e.
n x
 1  x 
1 2n

(i) Lim 1  
n 
 n x 0

(ii) Lim 1  2 x 
2 x2
(iii) Lim 
x  1  x


 n 
 3
(iv) Lim 1  
 n
1
e x 1
(v) Lim 1
, x0
x 0
e 1
x

Long Questions
1. sin 
If  is measured in radian, then prove that Lim 1
 0 
2. a 1x 3.  1
n
Prove that Lim  log e a Prove that Lim 1    e
x 0 x n 
 n

4. 1  cos p 5. sec x  cos x

Evaluate Lim Evaluate Lim
 0 1  cos q x 0 x
6. tan   sin 
Evaluate Lim
 0 sin 3 
Exercise 1.4 (Short Questions)
1. Define continuous function.
x2  9
2. Discuss continuity of g ( x)  ,x 3
x 3
2 x  5 if x  2
3. Discuss the continuity of f ( x) at x  2, f ( x)  
 4 x  1 if x  2
 x  2, x  1
4. If f ( x)   , find ‘c’ so that Lim f ( x) exists.
 c  2, x  1 x 1

Long Questions
3x  1 if x  1

1. Discuss the continuity of f ( x) at x  1, f ( x)   4 if x  1
 4 x if x  1

 mx if x  3

Find the values of ‘ m ’ and ‘ n ’ so that f ( x)   n if x  3 is continuous at x  3.
2. 2 x  9 if x  3

  3x if x  2
 2
If f ( x)   x  1 if 2  x  2
3.  3
 if x2
Discuss continuity at x  2 and x  2 .
 2x  5  x  7
 , x2
4. Find the value of k , if the function f ( x)   x2 is continuous at x  2.
 , x2
 k
Chapter 2 (Differentiation)
Exercises 2.1, 2.2 (Short Questions)
1. Define differentiation. 2. Find the derivative of x 2 by definition with
respect to x.
3. 5
4. Use definition to find the derivative of x( x  3)
Find by definition, the derivative of x 2
w.r.t. ' x '
with respect to ' x '
5. dy
1
Find from first principles if y  ( x  4) 3
dx
Exercise 2.3 (Short Questions)
1. State product rule for derivative of two functions.
2. Write the quotient rule for derivative of two functions.
3. Find the derivative of y  ( x2  5)( x3  7) with respect to x.
4. Find the derivative of y  ( x 3  1)9 with respect to x.
2
5. Calculate derivative of f ( x)  x at x  8. 3

ax
6. Differentiate with respect to x.
ax
dy 2x  3
7. Find when y 
dx 2x 1
2
 1 
8. Differentiate  x   with respect to x.
 x
x  1
2 2

9. Differentiate with respect to x.

x2 1
x2  1
10. Differentiate 2 with respect to x.
x 3
2x 1
11. Differentiate with respect to x.
x2  1
ax
12. Differentiate with respect to x.
ax
1 dy
13. If y  x  , show that 2 x  y  2 x
x dx
dy
14. If y  x  2 x  2, prove that  4x y 1
4 2

dx
Long Questions

1. Differentiate
 x 1 x 
3
2
 w.r.t. x.
1
(SGD 24, G-II)
3 1
x 2 x 2
dy 1 x  1 x
2. Find if y  (SWL 24, G-II)
dx 1 x  1 x
 x ax
3. Differentiate w.r.t. x.
ax
Exercise 2.4 (Short Questions)
dy
1. Find if x2  y 2  4
dx
dy
2. Find if y 2  x2  4 x  5
dx
dy
3. Find if y 2  xy  x2  4  0
dx
dy
4. Find if x  at 2 and y  2at
dx
dy 1 1
5. Apply chain rule to find if y  x 2  2 and u  x  .
du x x
dy
6. Find by making suitable substitution of y  (3x2  2 x  7)6
dx
dy
7. Find if xy  y 2  2
dx
dy
8. Find if x2  4 xy  5 y  0
dx
Differentiate 1  x 2  w.r.t. x2 .
n
9.
dy 1
10. Find if x    and y    1
dx 
Long Questions

 
3
3 dy
1. Differentiate 1  2 x . x w.r.t. x. 2 2. Find if 4 x2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
dx
dy 1 t2 2t
3. Prove that y  x  0 if x  , y
dx 1 t 2
1 t2
Exercise 2.5 (Short Questions)
1. Prove that
d 1 2.
Prove that
d
dx
 tan 1 x  
1 
1
x 2
, xR
cos x  
1
, 1  x  1
dx  1  x2
3.
Prove that 
d
dx

cot 1 x  
1
1  x2
, x  R 4. Differentiate sin3 x w.r.t. cos2 x.

5. dy
Find if
dx
(i) y  x cos y (ii) x  y sin y
6. Differentiate the following with respect to the variable involved.
(i) x 2 sec 4 x
(ii) tan3  sec2 
(iii) cos x  sin x
7. (i) Differentiate sin x w.r.t. cot x
(ii) Differentiate sin 2 x w.r.t. cos4 x
1 x 1 1 a
8. Differentiate cot w.r.t. x. 9. Differentiate sin w.r.t. x.
a a x
10. Differentiate sin 1 1  x 2 w.r.t. x 11. If y  tan  p tan 1 x  , show that

1  x  y  p 1  y   0
2
1
2
 Long Questions
dy x
1. Find , if y  x sin 1    a 2  x 2
dx a
Differentiate the following from the first principles.
2.
(i) tan 2 x (ii) cos x
1 2x
3. Find the derivative w.r.t. x sin
1 x
dy
4. If tan y(1  tan x)  1  tan x, show that  1
dx
dy
5. If y  tan x  tan x  tan x  , prove that  2 y  1  sec 2 x
dx
dy
6. If x  a cos3 , y  b sin3 , show that a  b tan   0
dx
dy
7. Find if x  a(cos t  sin t ), y  a(sin t  t cos t )
dx
 x2  1 
8. Differentiate sec 1  2  w.r.t. ' x '.
 x 1 
dy y y x
9. Show that  if  tan 1
dx x x y
Exercise 2.6 (Short Questions)
1. dy 2. Differentiate y  a x w.r.t. x
 ? if y  e x 1
2

dx
3. dy 4. Differentiate ln( x2  2 x) w.r.t. ' x '.
Find if y  log10 (ax 2  bx  c )
dx
5. 1
6. Find f ( x) if f ( x )  e x 1  ln x 
Find f ( x) if f ( x )  x 3e x
7. ex 8. Find f ( x) if f ( x )  ln  e x  e  x 
Find f ( x) if f ( x)   x
e 1
9. Find f ( x) if f ( x )  ln  e 2 x  e 2 x  10. Find f ( x) if f ( x )  ln( e 2 x  e 2 x )

11. dy 12. dy x2 1
Find if y  x 2 ln x Find if y  ln 2
dx dx x 1
13. dy
Find
dx

if y  ln x  x 2  1  14.
Find
dy
dx
if y  e2 x sin 2 x
15. dy 16. dy
Find if y  xesin x Find if y  tanh 1  sin x 
dx dx
17. dy  x 18. dy
if y  lntanh x
Find if y  sinh 1   Find
dx 2 dx
Chapter 4 (Introduction to Analytic Geometry)
Exercise 4.1 (Short Questions)
1. Find the coordinates of the point that divides the join of A(6,3) and B(5, 2) in the ratio 2 : 3.
(i) internally (ii) externally
2. Find the distance and mid points of A(8,3) and B(2, 1).

3. Show that
(i) the points A(0, 2) , B  
3,1 and C (0, 2) are vertices of a right triangle.

(ii) the points A(3,1) , B(2, 3) and C (2, 2) are vertices of an isosceles triangle.
4. Find h such that A(1, h), B(3, 2) and C (7,3) are collinear.
5. The points A(5, 2) and B(5, 4) are ends of a diameter of a circle. Find the centre and radius of
the circle.
6. Find the points trisecting the join of A(1, 4) and B(6, 2).
7. Find the point three-fifth of the way along the line segment from A(5,8) to B(5,3).
8. Find the point P on the join of A(1, 4) and B(5,6) that is twice as far from A as B is from A and lies
(i) On the same side of A as B does. (ii) On the opposite side of A as B does.
Exercise 4.2 (Short Questions)
1. (i) The coordinates of a point P are (3, 2). The axes are translated through the point O(1,3). Find the
coordinates of P referred to new axes.
(ii) The coordination of a point ‘P’ are  6,9  . The axes are translated through the point O  3, 2 
.Find the coordinates of ‘P’ referred to the new axes.
2. Two points P(5, 3) and O(2, 6) are given in XY - coordinate system. Find the coordinates of P
in xy - coordinate system.
Exercise 4.3 (Short Questions)
1. Find the slope and inclination of the line joining points (2, 4) and (5,11).
2. Show that points  4, 6  ;  3,8  and 10,10  lie on the same line.
3. Find k so that the line joining A(7,3); B(k , 6) and the line joining C(4,5); D(6, 4) are
(i) Parallel (ii) Perpendicular
4. Using slopes, show that the triangle with its vertices A(6,1), B(2,7) and C(6, 7) is a right triangle.
5. Find an equation of
(a) the horizontal line through (7, 9) (b) the vertical line through (5,3)
(c) the line bisecting first and third quadrants. (d) the line bisecting second and fourth quadrants.
6. Find an equation of the line
(a) through A(6,5) having slope 7 (b) y -intercept 5 and slope 2
(c) through (5, 3) and (9, 1) (d) x -intercept 9 and slope 4
(e) x -intercept 3 and y -intercept 4 (f) x -intercept (2,0) and y -intercept (0, 4)
7. Transform the equation 5x 12 y  39  0 into
(i) slope intercept form (ii) two-intercept form. (iii) normal form
8. 3
Find an equation of the line through (4, 6) and perpendicular to a line having slope  .
2
9. Find an equation of the line through (11, 5) and parallel to line with slope 24.
10. Find an equation of the line through (5, 8) and perpendicular to the join of A(15, 8), B(10,7).

11. Check whether the origin and the given point P(5, 8) lies on the same side or on the opposite sides of the
line 3x  7 y  15  0.
12. Find the distance from the points P(6, 1) to the line 6 x  4 y  9  0.
Exercise 4.4 (Short Questions)
1. (i) Find the point of intersection of lines 3x  y  12  0 and x  2 y  1  0
(ii) Find the point of intersection of the lines x  4 y  12  0, x  3 y  3  0
2. Show that the lines 4 x  3 y  8  0, 3x  4 y  6  0 and x  y  2  0 are concurrent.
3. Find the condition that the lines y  m1 x  c1 ; y  m2 x  c2 and y  m3 x  c3 are concurrent.
4. Determine the value of p such that the lines 2 x  3 y  1  0, 3x  y  5  0 and 3x  py  8  0 meet
at a point.
5. (i) Find the angle measured from the line l1 to the line l2 where
l1 : joining (2,7) and (7,10)

l2 : joining (1,1) and (5,3)

 Exercise 4.5 (Short Questions)
1. What is homogeneous equation?
2. (i) Find the lines represented by 2 x2  3xy  5 y 2  0
(ii)Find the lines represented by 3x2  7 xy  2 y 2  0
3. (i) Find the angle between the lines represented by x2  xy  6 y 2  0
(ii) Find the angle between the lines represented by 9 x2  24 xy  16 y 2  0
Chapter 5 (Linear Inequalities and Linear Programming)
Short Questions
1. Define (i) linear inequality (ii) corner point (iii) convex region
(iv) problem constraints (v) Define feasible region and feasible solution set.
(vi) decision variables (vii) objective function (viii) optimal solution
2. Graph the feasible region of inequality 3x  2 y  6 , x  0 , y  0 .
3. Graph the solution set of inequality
(i) 5x  4 y  20 (ii) 3x  2 y  6 (iii) x  2y  6 (iv) 3x  7 y  21
(v) 2x  1   (vi) 3y  4  0 (vii) 2 x  3 y  12
4. Graph the solution set of system of linear inequalities by shading
3
(i) 3x  7 y  21, y  4 (ii) 4 x  3 y  12, x   (iii) 3x  7 y  21, x  y  2
2
5. Graph the solution set of the system of linear inequalities by shading 3x  7 y  21, x  y  2, y  0
6. Graph the solution region of the system of linear inequalities x  y  5, y  2 x  2, x  0
Long Questions
1. Graph the feasible region of the following system of linear inequalities and find the corner points
2 x  3 y  6, 2 x  3 y  12, x  0, y  0 .
2. Graph the feasible region of linear inequalities and find corner points:
2 x  3 y  18 ; 2 x  y  10 ; x  4 y  12
3. Maximize f ( x, y)  2 x  5 y subject to the constraints 2 y  x  8, x  y  4, x  0, y  0
4. Maximize f ( x, y)  x  3 y subject to the constraints 2 x  5 y  30, 5x  4 y  20, x  0, y  0
5. Minimize z  2x  y subject to the constraints x  y  3, 7 x  5 y  35, x  0, y  0
6. Maximize f ( x, y)  2 x  3 y subject to the constraints 2 x  y  8, x  2 y  14, x  0, y  0
7. Minimize z  3x  y subject to the constraints 3x  5 y  15, x  6 y  9, x  0, y  0
Chapter 7 (Vectors)
Exercise 7.1 (Short Questions)
1. 1 1 1
(i) If u  2 i  7 j , v  i  6 j and w   i  j , find u  v  w
2 2 2
(ii) If u  2i  7 j , v  i  6 j and w  i  j , find 2u  3v  4w.
2. If A(1, 1), B(2,0), C(1,3) and D(2, 2) are given points, find the sum of the vectors AB and CD.
3. Find the vector from the point A to the origin where AB  4i  2 j and B is the point (2,5) .
4. Find a unit vector in the direction of the vector given below:
3 1
(i) v  i j (ii) v  [3, 4]
2 2
5. If O is the origin and OP  AB, find the point P when A and B are (3,7) and (1,0) respectively.
6. If AB  CD. Find the coordinates of point A when points B, C, D are (1, 2), (2,5), (4,11)
respectively.
7. Find the position vector of the point of division of the line segments joining the following pair of
points, in the given ratio, point C with position vector 2i  3j and point D with position vector
3i  2 j in the ratio 4 : 3.
 Exercise 7.2 (Short Questions)
1. Find direction cosines for the given vector:
(i) v  6i  2 j  k (ii) v  4i  5 j (iii) r  xi  y j  zk .
(iv) PQ, where P(2,1,5) and Q(1,3,1)
2. Find , so that i  (  1) j  2k  3
3. Find a vector whose magnitude is 4 and parallel to 2i  3j  6k.
4. If u  2i  3 j  4k , v  i  3 j  k and w  i  6 j  zk represents the sides of a triangle. Find the
value of z.
5. The position vectors of the points A, B, C and D are 2i  j  k , 3i  j , 2i  4 j  2k and i  2 j  k
respectively. Show that AB is parallel to CD.
6. Find a vector of length 5 in the direction opposite that of v  i  2 j  3k .
7. Find a and b so that the vectors 3i  j  4k and ai  b j  2k are parallel.
Exercise 7.3 (Short Questions)
1. Find the angle between the vectors u  2i  j  k and v  i  j
2. (i) Find cosine of the angle  between vectors u  3 i  j  k , v  2 i  j  k .
(ii) Find cosine of the angle between u and v where u   3,5 and v   6, 2
3. Calculate the projection of a along b if a  3i  j  k, b  2i  j  k
4. (i) Find a scalar ‘  ’ so that vectors 2iˆ   ˆj  5kˆ and 3iˆ  ˆj   kˆ are perpendicular.
(ii) If the vectors u  i  2 j  k and v  i   j  3k are perpendicular. Find the value of  .
5. If v is a vector for which v . i  0, v . j  0, v . k  0, find v.
6. (i) Show that the vectors 3i  2 j  k, i  3j  5k and 2i  j  4k from a right angle.
(ii) Show that the set of points P(1,3, 2), Q(4,1, 4) and R(6,5,5) forms a right triangle.
Exercise 7.4 (Short Questions)
1. (i) Compute cross product b  a if a  3 i  2 j  k , b  i  j .
(ii) Find a vector perpendicular to each of the vectors a  2i  j  k , b  4i  2 j  k .
(iii) If a  4iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ and b  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ, find | a  b | .
2. If a  2i  2 j  4k and b  i  j  2k, find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing a and b.
3. Find the area of the triangle with vertices P(0,0,0),Q(2,3, 2) and R(1,1, 4).
4. Find the area of parallelogram whose vertices are A(1, 2, 1); B(4, 2, 3); C(6, 5, 2); D(9, 5,0) .
5. Which vectors, if any, are parallel or perpendicular
 
u  i  2 j  k ; v  i  j  k ; w   i  j k
2 2
6. Prove that: a  (b  c)  b  (c  a)  c  (a  b)  0
7. If a  b  c  0, then prove that a  b  b  c
Exercise 7.5 (Short Questions)
1. Find the volume of parallelepiped for which the given vectors are three edges.
(i) u  i  2 j  3k , v  2i  j  k and w  j  k
(ii) u  i  2 j  k , v  i  2 j  3k , w  i  7 j  4k
2. Prove that the vectors i  2 j  3k,  2i  3j  4k and i  3j  5k are coplanar.
3. Find the value of  such that i  j, i  j  3k and 2i  j  2k are coplanar.
4. (i) Find the value of 3i. k  i (ii) Find the value of 2i  2 j . k
(iii) Find the value of  k i j  .
5. Find the work done by a constant force F  2i  4 j, if its points of application to a body moves it
from A(1,1) to B(4,6).
6. A force of magnitude 6 units acting parallel to 2i  2 j  k displaces, the point of application from
(1, 2,3) to (5,3,7). Find the work done.
7. A force F  4iˆ  3kˆ passes through A(2, 2,5). Find its moment about B(1, 3,1) .
8. A force F  7i  4 j  3k is applied at P(1, 2,3). Find its moment about the point Q(2, 1, 1).