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Slobodan Dmitrović

Modern C++ for Absolute Beginners

A Friendly Introduction to C++ Programming
Language and C++11 to C++20 Standards
1st ed.
Slobodan Dmitrović
Belgrade, Serbia

Any source code or other supplementary material referenced by the

author in this book is available to readers on GitHub via the book’s
product page, located at www.​apress.​com/​9781484260463. For more
detailed information, please visit http://​www.​apress.​com/​source-code.

ISBN 978-1-4842-6046-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4842-6047-0

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6047-0

© Slobodan Dmitrović 2020

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the

Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,
specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other
physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,
electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks,

service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the
absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the
relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general
use.

The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the
advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate
at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the
material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have
been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Apress Media, LLC, 1 New

York Plaza, New York, NY 10004, U.S.A. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax
(201) 348-4505, e-mail [email protected], or visit
www.springeronline.com. Apress Media, LLC is a California LLC and the
sole member (owner) is Springer Science + Business Media Finance Inc
(SSBM Finance Inc). SSBM Finance Inc is a Delaware corporation.
To M. R., whose work is an inspiration to me.
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank my friends and fellow C++ peers who have
supported me in writing this book.
I owe my gratitude to outstanding professionals at Apress for their
amazing work and support during the entire writing and production
process.
I am thankful to the StackOverflow and the entire C++ community
for their help and feedback.
My deepest appreciation goes to S. Antonijević, Jovo Arežina, and
Saša Popović for their ongoing support.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1:​Introduction
Chapter 2:​What is C++?​
2.​1 C++ Standards
Chapter 3:​C++ Compilers
3.​1 Installing C++ Compilers
3.​1.​1 On Linux
3.​1.​2 On Windows
Chapter 4:​Our First Program
4.​1 Comments
4.​2 Hello World Example
Chapter 5:​Types
5.​1 Fundamental Types
5.​1.​1 Boolean
5.​1.​2 Character Type
5.​1.​3 Integer Types
5.​1.​4 Floating-Point Types
5.​1.​5 Type void
5.​2 Type Modifiers
5.​3 Variable Declaration, Definition, and Initialization
Chapter 6:​Exercises
6.​1 Hello World and Comments
6.​2 Declaration
6.​3 Definition
6.​4 Initialization
Chapter 7:​Operators
 7.​1 Assignment Operator
7.​2 Arithmetic Operators
7.​3 Compound Assignment Operators
7.​4 Increment/​Decrement Operators
Chapter 8:​Standard Input
Chapter 9:​Exercises
9.​1 Standard Input
9.​2 Two Inputs
9.​3 Multiple Inputs
9.​4 Inputs and Arithmetic Operations
9.​5 Post-Increment and Compound Assignment
9.​6 Integral and Floating-point Division
Chapter 10:​Arrays
Chapter 11:​Pointers
Chapter 12:​References
Chapter 13:​Introduction to Strings
13.​1 Defining a String
13.​2 Concatenating Strings
13.​3 Accessing Characters
13.​4 Comparing Strings
13.​5 String Input
13.​6 A Pointer to a String
13.​7 Substrings
13.​8 Finding a Substring
Chapter 14:​Automatic Type Deduction
Chapter 15:​Exercises
 15.​1 Array Definition
15.​2 Pointer to an Object
15.​3 Reference Type
15.​4 Strings
15.​5 Strings from Standard Input
15.​6 Creating a Substring
15.​7 Finding a single Character
15.​8 Finding a Substring
15.​9 Automatic Type Deduction
Chapter 16:​Statements
16.​1 Selection Statements
16.​1.​1 if Statement
16.​1.​2 Conditional Expression
16.​1.​3 The Logical Operators
16.​1.​4 switch Statement
16.​2 Iteration Statements
16.​2.​1 for Statement
16.​2.​2 while Statement
16.​2.​3 do Statement
Chapter 17:​Constants
Chapter 18:​Exercises
18.​1 A Simple if-statement
18.​2 Logical Operators
18.​3 The switch-statement
18.​4 The for-loop
18.​5 Array and the for-loop
 18.​6 The const Type Qualifier
Chapter 19:​Functions
19.​1 Introduction
19.​2 Function Declaration
19.​3 Function Definition
19.​4 Return Statement
19.​5 Passing Arguments
19.​5.​1 Passing by Value/​Copy
19.​5.​2 Passing by Reference
19.​5.​3 Passing by Const Reference
19.​6 Function Overloading
Chapter 20:​Exercises
20.​1 Function Definition
20.​2 Separate Declaration and Definition
20.​3 Function Parameters
20.​4 Passing Arguments
20.​5 Function Overloads
Chapter 21:​Scope and Lifetime
21.​1 Local Scope
21.​2 Block Scope
21.​3 Lifetime
21.​4 Automatic Storage Duration
21.​5 Dynamic Storage Duration
21.​6 Static Storage Duration
21.​7 Operators new and delete
Chapter 22:​Exercises
 22.​1 Automatic Storage Duration
22.​2 Dynamic Storage Duration
22.​3 Automatic and Dynamic Storage Durations
Chapter 23:​Classes - Introduction
23.​1 Data Member Fields
23.​2 Member Functions
23.​3 Access Specifiers
23.​4 Constructors
23.​4.​1 Default Constructor
23.​4.​2 Member Initialization
23.​4.​3 Copy Constructor
23.​4.​4 Copy Assignment
23.​4.​5 Move Constructor
23.​4.​6 Move Assignment
23.​5 Operator Overloading
23.​6 Destructors
Chapter 24:​Exercises
24.​1 Class Instance
24.​2 Class with Data Members
24.​3 Class with Member Function
24.​4 Class with Data and Function Members
24.​5 Class Access Specifiers
24.​6 User-defined Default Constructor and Destructor
24.​7 Constructor Initializer List
24.​8 User-defined Copy Constructor
24.​9 User-defined Move Constructor
 24.​10 Overloading Arithmetic Operators
Chapter 25:​Classes – Inheritance and Polymorphism
25.​1 Inheritance
25.​2 Polymorphism
Chapter 26:​Exercises
26.​1 Inheritance
Chapter 27:​The static Specifier
Chapter 28:​Templates
Chapter 29:​Enumerations
Chapter 30:​Exercises
30.​1 Static variable
30.​2 Static data member
30.​3 Static member function
30.​4 Function Template
30.​5 Class Template
30.​6 Scoped Enums
30.​7 Enums in a switch
Chapter 31:​Organizing code
31.​1 Header and Source Files
31.​2 Header Guards
31.​3 Namespaces
Chapter 32:​Exercises
32.​1 Header and Source Files
32.​2 Multiple Source Files
32.​3 Namespaces
32.​4 Nested Namespaces
Chapter 33:​Conversions
33.​1 Implicit Conversions
33.​2 Explicit Conversions
Chapter 34:​Exceptions
Chapter 35:​Smart Pointers
35.​1 Unique Pointer
35.​2 Shared Pointer
Chapter 36:​Exercises
36.​1 static_​cast Conversion
36.​2 A Simple Unique Pointer:​
36.​3 Unique Pointer to an Object of a Class
36.​4 Shared Pointers Exercise
36.​5 Simple Polymorphism
36.​6 Polymorphism II
36.​7 Exception Handling
36.​8 Multiple Exceptions
Chapter 37:​Input/​Output Streams
37.​1 File Streams
37.​2 String Streams
Chapter 38:​C++ Standard Library and Friends
38.​1 Containers
38.​1.​1 std:​:v
​ ector
38.​1.​2 std:​:a
​ rray
38.​1.​3 std:​:s​ et
38.​1.​4 std:​:m
​ ap
38.​1.​5 std:​:p
​ air
 38.​1.​6 Other Containers
38.​2 The Range-Based for Loop
38.​3 Iterators
38.​4 Algorithms and Utilities
38.​4.​1 std:​:s​ ort
38.​4.​2 std:​:f​ ind
38.​4.​3 std:​:c​ opy
38.​4.​4 Min and Max Elements
38.​5 Lambda Expressions
Chapter 39:​Exercises
39.​1 Basic Vector
39.​2 Deleting a Single Value
39.​3 Deleting a Range of Elements
39.​4 Finding Elements in a Vector
39.​5 Basic Set
39.​6 Set Data Manipulation
39.​7 Set Member Functions
39.​8 Search for Data in a Set
39.​9 Basic Map
39.​10 Inserting Into Map
39.​11 Searching and Deleting From a Map
39.​12 Lambda Expressions
Chapter 40:​C++ Standards
40.​1 C++11
40.​1.​1 Automatic Type Deduction
40.​1.​2 Range-based Loops
 40.​1.​3 Initializer Lists
40.​1.​4 Move Semantics
40.​1.​5 Lambda Expressions
40.​1.​6 The constexpr Specifier
40.​1.​7 Scoped Enumerators
40.​1.​8 Smart Pointers
40.​1.​9 std:​:u
​ nordered_​set
40.​1.​10 std:​:u
​ nordered_​map
40.​1.​11 std:​:t​ uple
40.​1.​12 static_​assert
40.​1.​13 Introduction to Concurrency
40.​1.​14 Deleted and Defaulted Functions
40.​1.​15 Type Aliases
40.​2 C++14
40.​2.​1 Binary Literals
40.​2.​2 Digits Separators
40.​2.​3 Auto for Functions
40.​2.​4 Generic Lambdas
40.​2.​5 std:​:m
​ ake_​unique
40.​3 C++17
40.​3.​1 Nested Namespaces
40.​3.​2 Constexpr Lambdas
40.​3.​3 Structured Bindings
40.​3.​4 std:​:f​ ilesystem
40.​3.​5 std:​:s​ tring_​view
40.​3.​6 std:​:a
​ ny
 40.​3.​7 std:​:v
​ ariant
40.​4 C++20
40.​4.​1 Modules
40.​4.​2 Concepts
40.​4.​3 Lambda Templates
40.​4.​4 [likely] and [unlikely] Attributes
40.​4.​5 Ranges
40.​4.​6 Coroutines
40.​4.​7 std:​:s​ pan
40.​4.​8 Mathematical Constants
Summary and Advice
The go-to Reference
StackOverflow
Other Online Resources
Other C++ Books
Advice
Index
About the Author
Slobodan Dmitrović
is a software development consultant
and an author from Serbia. He
specializes in C++ training, technical
analysis, and software architecture. He is
a highly visible member of the SE
European C++ community and a
StackOverflow contributor. Slobodan has
gained international experience working
as a software consultant in Denmark,
Poland, Croatia, China, and the
Philippines. Slobodan maintains a
website at www.cppandfriends.com
.
About the Technical Reviewer
Chinmaya Patnayak
is an embedded software developer at
NVIDIA and is skilled in C++, CUDA, deep
learning, Linux, and file systems. He has
been a speaker and instructor for deep
learning at various major technology
events across India. Chinmaya holds an
M.Sc. degree in physics and B.E. in
electrical and electronics engineering
from BITS Pilani. He has previously
worked with Defence Research and
Development Organization (DRDO) on
encryption algorithms for video streams.
His current interest lies in neural
networks for image segmentation and applications in biomedical
research and self-driving cars. Find more about him at
chinmayapatnayak.github.io.
© Slobodan Dmitrović 2020
S. Dmitrović, Modern C++ for Absolute Beginners
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6047-0_1

1. Introduction
Slobodan Dmitrović 1
(1) Belgrade, Serbia

Dear Reader,
Congratulations on choosing to learn the C++ programming
language, and thank you for picking up this book. My name is Slobodan
Dmitrović, I am a software developer and a technical writer, and I will
try to introduce you to a beautiful world of C++ to the best of my
abilities.
This book is an effort to introduce the reader to a C++ programming
language in a structured, straightforward, and friendly manner. We will
use the “just enough theory and plenty of examples” approach
whenever possible.
To me, C++ is a wonderful product of the human intellect. Over the
years, I have certainly come to think of it as a thing of beauty and
elegance. C++ is a language like no other, surprising in its complexity,
yet wonderfully sleek and elegant in so many ways. It is also a language
that cannot be learned by guessing, one that is easy to get wrong and
challenging to get right.
In this book, we will get familiar with the language basics first.
Then, we will move onto standard-library. Once we got these covered,
we will describe the modern C++ standards in more detail.
After each section, there are source code exercises to help us adopt
the learned material more efficiently. Let us get started!
© Slobodan Dmitrović 2020
S. Dmitrović, Modern C++ for Absolute Beginners
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6047-0_2

2. What is C++?
Slobodan Dmitrović 1
(1) Belgrade, Serbia

C++ is a programming language. A standardized, general-purpose,

object-oriented, compiled language. C++ is accompanied by a set of
functions and containers called the C++ Standard-Library. Bjarne
Stroustrup created C++ as an extension to a C programming language.
Still, C++ evolved to be a completely different programming language.
Let us emphasize this: C and C++ are two different languages. C++
started as “C with classes,” but it is now a completely different language.
So, C++ is not C; C++ is not C with classes; it is just C++. And there is no
such thing as a C/C++ programming language.
C++ is widely used for the so-called systems programming as well as
application programming. C++ is a language that allows us to get down
to the metal where we can perform low-level routines if needed, or soar
high with abstraction mechanisms such as templates and classes.

2.1 C++ Standards

C++ is governed by the ISO C++ standard. There are multiple ISO C++
standards listed here in chronological order: C++03, C++11, C++14,
C++17, and the upcoming C++20 standard.
Every C++ standard starting with the C++11 onwards is referred to
as “Modern C++.” And modern C++ is what we will be teaching in this
book.
© Slobodan Dmitrović 2020
S. Dmitrović, Modern C++ for Absolute Beginners
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6047-0_3

3. C++ Compilers
Slobodan Dmitrović 1
(1) Belgrade, Serbia

C++ programs are usually a collection of C++ code spread across one or
multiple source files. The C++ compiler compiles these files and turns
them into object files. Object files are linked together by a linker to
create an executable file or a library. At the time of the writing, some of
the more popular C++ compilers are:
– The g++ frontend (as part of the GCC)
– Visual C++ (as part of the Visual Studio IDE)
– Clang (as part of the LLVM)

3.1 Installing C++ Compilers

The following sections explain how to install C++ compilers on Linux
and Windows and how to compile and run our C++ programs.

3.1.1 On Linux
To install a C++ compiler on Linux , type the following inside the
terminal:

sudo apt-get install build-essential

To compile the C++ source file source.cpp, we type:

g++ source.cpp
 This command will produce an executable with the default name of
a.out. To run the executable file, type:

./a.out

To compile for a C++11 standard, we add the -std=c++11 flag:

g++ -std=c++11 source.cpp

To enable warnings, we add the -Wall flag:

g++ -std=c++11 -Wall source.cpp

To produce a custom executable name, we add the -o flag followed

by an executable name:

g++ -std=c++11 -Wall source.cpp -o myexe

The same rules apply to the Clang compiler. Substitute g++ with
clang++.

3.1.2 On Windows
On Windows , we can install a free copy of Visual Studio.
Choose Create a new project, make sure the C++ language option is
selected, and choose - Empty Project – click Next and click Create. Go to
the Solution Explorer panel, right-click on the project name, choose
Add – New Item – C++ File (.cpp), type the name of a file (source.cpp),
and click Add. Press F5 to run the program.
We can also do the following: choose Create a new project, make
sure the C++ language option is selected, and choose – Console App –
click Next and click Create.
If a Create a new project button is not visible, choose File – New –
Project and repeat the remaining steps.
© Slobodan Dmitrović 2020
S. Dmitrović, Modern C++ for Absolute Beginners
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6047-0_4

4. Our First Program

Slobodan Dmitrović 1
(1) Belgrade, Serbia

Let us create a blank text file using the text editor or C++ IDE of our
choice and name it source.cpp. First, let us create an empty C++
program that does nothing. The content of the source.cpp file is:

int main(){}

The function main is the main program entry point, the start of our
program. When we run our executable, the code inside the main
function body gets executed. A function is of type int (and returns a
result to the system, but let us not worry about that just yet). The
reserved name main is a function name. It is followed by a list of
parameters inside the parentheses () followed by a function body
marked with braces {}. Braces marking the beginning and the end of a
function body can also be on separate lines:

int main()
{

This simple program does nothing, it has no parameters listed

inside parentheses, and there are no statements inside the function
body. It is essential to understand that this is the main program
signature.
 There is also another main function signature accepting two
different parameters used for manipulating the command line
arguments. For now, we will only use the first form .

4.1 Comments
Single line comments in C++ start with double slashes // and the
compiler ignores them. We use them to comment or document the code
or use them as notes:

int main()
{
// this is a comment
}

We can have multiple single-line comments:

int main()
{
// this is a comment
// this is another comment
}

Multi-line comments start with the /* and end with the */. They
are also known as C-style comments. Example:

int main()
{
/* This is a
multi-line comment */
}

4.2 Hello World Example

Now we are ready to get the first glimpse at our “Hello World” example.
The following program is the simplest “Hello World” example. It prints
out Hello World. in the console window:
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
std::cout << "Hello World.";
}
Believe it or not, the detailed analysis and explanation of this
example is 15 pages long. We can go into it right now, but we will be no
wiser at this point as we first need to know what headers, streams,
objects, operators, and string literals are. Do not worry. We will get
there.

A brief(ish) explanation
The #include <iostream> statement includes the iostream
header into our source file via the #include directive. The iostream
header is part of the standard library. We need its inclusion to use the
std::cout object, also known as a standard-output stream. The <<
operator inserts our Hello World string literal into that output stream.
String literal is enclosed in double quotes "". The ; marks the end of
the statement. Statements are pieces of the C++program that get
executed. Statements end with a semicolon ; in C++. The std is the
standard-library namespace and :: is the scope resolution operator.
Object cout is inside the std namespace, and to access it, we need to
prepend the call with the std::. We will get more familiar with all of
these later in the book, especially the std:: part.

A brief explanation
In a nutshell, the std::cout << is the natural way of outputting data
to the standard output/console window in C++.
We can output multiple string literals by separating them with
multiple << operators:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
 std::cout << "Some string." << " Another
string.";
}
To output on a new line, we need to output a new-line character \n
literal. The characters are enclosed in single quotes '\n'.
Example:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
std::cout << "First line" << '\n' << "Second
line.";
}

The \ represents an escape sequence, a mechanism to output

certain special characters such as new-line character '\n', single
quote character '\'' or a double quote character '\"'.
Characters can also be part of the single string literal:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
std::cout << "First line\nSecond line.";
}

Do not use using namespace std;

Many examples on the web introduce the entire std namespace into the
current scope via the using namespace std; statement only to be
able to type cout instead of the std::cout. While this might save us
from typing five additional characters, it is wrong for many reasons. We
do not want to introduce the entire std namespace into the current
scope because we want to avoid name clashes and ambiguity. Good to
remember: do not introduce the entire std namespace into a current
scope via the using namespace std; statement. So, instead of this
wrong approach:
#include <iostream>

using namespace std; // do not use this

int main()
{
cout << "A bad example.";
}
use the following:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
std::cout << "A good example.";
}

For calls to objects and functions that reside inside the std
namespace, add the std:: prefix where needed.
© Slobodan Dmitrović 2020
S. Dmitrović, Modern C++ for Absolute Beginners
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6047-0_5

5. Types
Slobodan Dmitrović 1
(1) Belgrade, Serbia

Every entity has a type. What is a type? A type is a set of possible values
and operations. Instances of types are called objects. An object is some
region in memory that has a value of particular type (not to be confused
with an instance of a class which is also called object).

5.1 Fundamental Types

C++ has some built-in types. We often refer to them as fundamental
types. A declaration is a statement that introduces a name into a
current scope.

5.1.1 Boolean
Let us declare a variable b of type bool . This type holds values of
true and false.

int main()
{
bool b;
}

This example declares a variable b of type bool. And that is it. The
variable is not initialized, no value has been assigned to it at the time of
construction. To initialize a variable, we use an assignment operator =
followed by an initializer:
int main()
{
bool b = true;
}
We can also use braces {} for initialization:

int main()
{
bool b{ true };
}

These examples declare a (local) variable b of type bool and

initialize it to a value of true. Our variable now holds a value of true.
All local variables should be initialized. Accessing uninitialized
variables results in Undefined Behavior, abbreviated as UB. More on
this in the following chapters.

5.1.2 Character Type

Type char, referred to as character type, is used to represent a single
character. The type can store characters such as 'a', 'Z' etc. The size
of a character type is exactly one byte. Character literals are enclosed in
single quotes '' in C++. To declare and initialize a variable of type
char, we write:

int main()
{
char c = 'a';
}

Now we can print out the value of our char variable:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
char c = 'a';
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gĕl-rȧm da᷵ ŭmˈ
frȧ-vĭl).
in-genˈ
ious-ly (ĭn-jēnˈ
yŭs-lĭ), cleverly.
inˌ
ge-nuˈ
i-ty (ĭnˌ
je᷵-nūˈ
ĭ-tĭ), cleverness in design.
in-genˈ
u-ous-ly (ĭn-jĕnˈ
u᷵-ŭs-lĭ), frankly, sincerely.
in-graˈ
ti-atˌ
ing (ĭn-grāˈ
shĭ-ātˌ
ĭng), pleasing.
in-gratˈ
i-tude (ĭn-grătˈ
ĭ-tūd), ungratefulness.
in-habˈ
its in-difˈ
fer-ent-ly (ĭn-hăbˈ
ĭts ĭn-dĭfˈ
ẽr-ĕnt-lĭ), dwells in a
manner not interested.
in-herˈ
it-ance (ĭn-hĕrˈ
ĭ-tăns), a possession which passes by descent,
something inherited.
in-imˈ
i-ta-ble (ĭn-ĭmˈ ĭ-tȧ-b’l), not capable of being imitated,
surpassingly excellent.
in-iˈ
tial (ĭn-ĭshˈ
ȧl), beginning.
in league with evil, in partnership with wickedness.
inˌ
no-vaˈ
tion (ĭnˌ
ō-vāˈ
shŭn), change.
inˌ
nu-enˈ
does (ĭnˌ
u᷵-ĕnˈ
dōz), hints.
in-quirˈ
y (ĭn-kwīrˈ
ĭ), question.
in-scribedˈ(ĭn-skrībdˈ
), written on.
in-scruˈ
ta-ble (ĭn-skro̅ o̅ ˈ
tȧ-b’l), not able to be understood.
in-senˈ
si-ble (ĭn-sĕnˈ
sĭ-b’l), without sensation.
in-sepˈ
a-ra-ble (ĭn-sĕpˈ
ȧ-rȧ-b’l), closely united; not separate.
in-sidˈ
i-ous (ĭn-sĭdˈ
ĭ-ŭs), deceitful, crafty.
in-sigˈ
ni-a (ĭn-sĭgˈ
nĭ-ȧ), emblem, distinguishing marks of authority or
honor.
in-sinˈ
u-atˌ
ing (ĭn-sĭnˈ
u᷵-ātˌ
ĭng), suggestive, indirect.
in-sipˈ
id (ĭn-sĭpˈ
ĭd), flat.
inˈ
so-lence (ĭnˈ
sō-lĕns), insult.
in-specˈ
tion (ĭn-spĕkˈ
shŭn), investigation, act of looking over.
inˈ
stant-ly echˈ
oed (ĭnˈ
stănt-lĭ ĕkˈ
ōd), repeated.
inˈ
sti-gate (ĭnˈ
stĭ-gāt), to stir up.
inˈ
stinct (ĭnˈ
stĭnkt), natural feeling.
in-stincˈ
tive-ly (ĭn-stĭnkˈ
tĭv-lĭ), naturally.
inˈ
suf-fiˌ
cient (ĭnˈ
sŭ-fĭshˌ
ĕnt), not capable.
inˈ
su-latˌ
ed (ĭnˈ
su᷵-lātˌ
ĕd), separated.
in-surˈ
gent (ĭn-sûrˈ
gĕnt), rebel.
in-tactˈ(ĭn-tăktˈ
), untouched, whole.
in-tegˈ
ri-ty (ĭn-tĕgˈ
rĭ-tĭ), uprightness, honesty.
in-telˈ
li-gence was acting against (ĭn-tĕlˈ
ĭ-jĕns), understanding
was discouraging them.
inˌ
ter-gra-daˈtion (ĭnˌtẽr-grȧ-dāˈ
shŭn), changes through a series of
grades, or forms.
in-terˈ
mi-na-ble (ĭn-tûrˈ
mĭ-nȧ-b’l), endless.
inˌ
ter-poseˈ(ĭnˌ
tẽr-pōzˈ
), step in.
inˌ
ter-po-siˈ
tion (ĭnˌ
tẽr-pō-zĭshˈ
ŭn), intervention.
in-terˈ
pret (ĭn-tûrˈ
prĕt), tell the meaning of.
in-terˌ
pre-taˈ
tion (ĭn-tûrˌ
prē-tāˈ
shŭn), explanation.
inˌ
ter-rupˈ
tion (ĭnˌ
tẽ-rŭpˈ
shŭn), break, stop.
inˈ
ter-vals (ĭnˈ
tẽr-vălz), brief spaces of time; here and there.
in the lines, in the boundaries or limits of the estate, in the rows.
in the teeth of the sleet, with faces turned in the direction in
which the sleet was falling.
inˈ
ti-mate (ĭnˈ
tĭ-ma᷵t), close, confidential.
in-toxˌ
i-caˈ
tion (ĭn-tŏksˌ
ĭ-kāˈ
shŭn), delirium, feeling of delight.
inˈ
tri-ca-cies (ĭnˈ
trĭ-kȧ-sĭz), entanglements, complexities.
in-trudˈ
ed (ĭn-tro̅ o̅ dˈ
ĕd), invaded.
in-truˈ
sive polˈ i-cy (ĭn-tro̅ o̅ ˈ
sĭv pŏlˈ
ĭ-sĭ), scheme or method of
entering without right or welcome.
in-uredˈ(ĭn-ūrdˈ
), accustomed.
in-valˈ
id (ĭn-vălˈ
ĭd), illegal.
in-vaˈ
ri-a-ble (ĭn-vāˈ
rĭ-ȧ-b’l), unchanging, constant.
in-venˈ
tion (ĭn-vĕnˈ
shŭn), originality, faculty of inventing.
in-vestˈ
ed (ĭn-vĕstˈ
ĕd), surrounded or hemmed in with troops or
ships.
in-vesˌ
ti-gaˈ
tion (ĭn-vĕsˌ
tĭ-gāˈ
shŭn), research, following up.
in-vetˈ
er-ate (ĭn-vĕtˈ
ẽr-a᷵t), habitual.
in-vinˈ
ci-ble (ĭn-vĭnˈ
sĭ-b’l), unconquerable.
in-viˈ
o-late (ĭn-vīˈ
ō-la᷵t), uninjured.
in-volˈ
un-tary (ĭn-vŏlˈ
ŭn-ta᷵-rĭ), without control of will, unwillingly.
in-volvedˈ(ĭn-vŏlvdˈ
), enveloped, entangled.
in-volvedˈin the shalˈ
lows (ĭn-vŏlvdˈin the shălˈ
ōz), mixed up in the
shallow places.
i-rasˈ
ci-ble (ī-răsˈ
ĭ-b’l), easily provoked to anger, fiery, hasty.
ire (īr), anger.
irˌ
re-sistˈ
ible (ĭrˌ
e᷵-zĭsˈ
tĭ-b’l), overpowering.
ir-resˌ
o-luˈ
tion (ĭ-rĕzˌ
ō-lūˈ
shŭn), doubt, uncertainty.
ir-revˈ
er-ent (ĭ-rĕvˈ
ẽr-ĕnt), disrespectful.
ir-revˈ
o-ca-ble (ĭ-rĕvˈ
ōkȧ-b’l), unchangeable, past recall.
irˌ
ri-ta-ble (ĭrˌ
ĭ-tȧ-b’l), touchy, fretful.
irˌ
ri-taˈ
tion (ĭrˌ
ĭ-tāˈ
shŭn), excitement of impatience, anger; or passion;
annoyance, anger.
ir-rupˈ
tion (ĭ-rŭpˈ
shŭn), a sudden and violent inroad or invasion.
iˌ
so-laˈ
tion (īˌ
sō-lāˈ
shŭn), being alone, separate from others.
isˈ
sue (ĭshˈ
ū), outcome, result.
issˈ
ued on the praiˈ
rie (ĭshˈ
ūd on the prāˈ
rĭ), came forth on the
prairie.
i-tinˈ
er-ant (ī-tĭnˈ
ẽr-ănt), wandering.
jagˈ
ger-y (jăgˈ
ẽr-ĭ), a coarse brown sugar.
Ja-iˈ
rus (ja᷵-īˈ
rŭs), Luke VIII, 49-56.
jasˈ
mine (jăsˈ
mĭn), a shrub bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant
odor.
jasˈ
per (jăsˈ
pẽr), a kind of quartz.
jaunt (jänt; jônt), a short excursion for pleasure.
jealˈ
ous rage (jĕlˈ
ŭs), selfish anger.
jeopˈ
ard-y (jĕpˈ
ȧr-dĭ), risk.
Je-ruˈ
sa-lem (je᷵-ro̅ o̅ ˈ
sȧ-lĕm), the chief city of Palestine, closely
associated with the life and death of Jesus Christ.
jesˈ
sa-mine (jĕsˈ
ȧ-mĭn), same as jasmine.
Joan (jōn), short for Joanna.
jockˈ
ey (jŏkˈ
ĭ), a professional rider of horses in races.
jocˈ
und (jŏkˈ
ŭnd), merry.
jogˈ
ging (jŏgˈ
ĭng), moving slowly.
john’s-wort, St. John’s-wort, a small plant having yellow flowers.
joinˈ
er (joinˈ
ẽr), one who repairs furniture.
jourˈ
nal-ist (jûrˈ
năl-ĭst), one who writes for a public journal.
jousts (jŭsts; jo̅ o̅ sts), combats on horseback between two knights
with lances.
ju-diˈ
cious-ly (jo̅ o̅ -dĭshˈ
ŭs-lĭ), wisely.
junˈ
gle (jŭnˈ
g’l), land overgrown with brushwood.
jungle-serpent, meaning Indian soldiers.
juˈ
ror (jo̅ o̅ ˈ
rẽr), member of a jury, one of a number of men sworn to
deliver a verdict as a body.
juˈ
ry-mast (jo̅ o̅ ˈ
rĭ mȧst), temporary mast.
jusˌ
ti-fi-caˈ
tion (jŭsˌ
tĭ-fĭ-kāˈ
shŭn), defense, support.
Kaˈ
la Nag (käˈ
lȧ näg).
keel (kēl), the timber or combination of timbers supporting a
vessel’s framework.
keel the pot, to skim or stir, as to prevent boiling over.
Khe-diveˈ(kĕ-dēvˈ
), the governor of Egypt.
Kieldˈ
holm (kēldˈ
hōm).
Kil-drumˈ
mie (kĭl-drŭmˈ
mĭ).
Kil-menˈ
y (kĭl-mĕnˈ
ĭ).
kinˈ
dred (kĭnˈ
drĕd), family.
King Log, a character in one of Aesopˈ
s fables.
King Solomon, a Biblical king of great magnificence. I Kings I, 32-
40.
kinˌ
ni-kin-nicˈ(kĭnˌ
ĭ-kĭ-nĭkˈ
), the red bearberry.
kinsˈ
man (kĭnzˈ
măn), a relative.
Kirchˈ
er (kĭrkˈ
ẽr), a Jesuit scientist.
knave (nāv), rascal.
knee-hal-tered (nȧ-hălˈ
tẽrd), haltered or tied at the knees.
knell (nĕl), stroke or sound of a bell.
Knickˈ
er-bockˈ
er, Dieˈ
drick (dēˈ
drĭk nĭkˈ
ẽr-bŏkˈ
ẽr).
knightly exercises, practice for knighthood.
knocked down, sold at auction.
knolled (nōld), summoned by a bell.
la-boˈ
ri-ous (lȧ-bōˈ
rĭ-ŭs), toilsome.
labˈ
y-rinth (lăbˈ ĭ-rĭnth), a place full of passageways which make it
difficult to find the way out; confusion.
labˈ
y-rinth of whims (lăbˈ
ĭ-rĭnth), a confusion of notions hard to
understand.
lackˈ
ing (lăkˈ
ĭng), not there.
ladˈ
ing (lādˈ
ĭng), load, cargo.
lair (lâr), bed.
Lanˈ
ca-shire (lănˈ
kȧ-shẽr), a northwestern county of England.
landˈ
markˌ(lăndˈ
märkˌ
), any object that marks a locality or serves as
a guide.
Land Office, a government office in which the sales of public land
are registered.
landˈ
scape (lăndˈ skāp), a portion of land which the eye can see in a
single glance.
lanˈ
guor (lănˈ
gẽr), dullness, lack of life.
lappˈ
ped in quiet (lăpt), wrapped in quiet, or stillness.
lapse (lăps), a slip, a passing.
larˈ
board (lärˈ bōrd; bẽrd), the left-hand side of a ship to one on
board facing toward the bow, port.
larˈ
gess (lärˈ
jĕs), gift.
larˈ
i-at (lărˈ
ĭ-ăt), long, small rope of hemp or hide with a running
noose, used for catching cattle or horses.
lashˈ
ing (lăshˈ
ĭng), striking.
lashˈ
ings (lăshˈ
ĭngz), cords, ropes.
latˈ
er-al (lătˈ
ẽr-ăl), sidewise.
latˈ
i-tude (lătˈ
ĭ-tūd), distance north or south of the equator.
latˈ
tice (lătˈ
ĭs), a kind of framework, made by crossing thin strips so
as to form a network.
laudˈ
a-ble (lôdˈ
ȧ-b’l), praiseworthy.
laudˈ
ing (lôdˈ
ing), praising.
launch (länch; lônch), fling out; set afloat.
lauˈ
rel (lôˈ
rĕl), a shrub or tree, with fragrant leaves.
La-vaineˈ(lä-vānˈ
).
lavˈ
ish (lăvˈ
ĭsh), generous.
lay (lā), not of the clergy.
lay-to, to lie head to windward without moving, except for drift.
lazˌ
a-reetˈ , for lazˌ
a-retˈ
to, in sailor’s language, a place near the
stern of some merchant vessels, used as a storehouse.
league (lēg), a measure of distance varying for different times and
countries from about 2.4 to 4.6 miles; combination for mutual
support.
leagued (lēgd), united.
leave (lēv), permission.
led horse (lĕd), an extra horse.
lee of a boulˈ
der (bōlˈ
dẽr), sheltered side of a boulder or rock.
leek (lēk), a plant resembling the onion.
leeˈ
ward (lēˈ wẽrd; lēˈ
ẽrd), the part or side of the ship opposite to the
direction from which the wind blows; sheltered.
legˈ
a-cy (lĕgˈ
ȧ-sĭ), a gift, something coming from an ancestor or
predecessor.
legˈ
end (lĕjˈ
ĕnd; lēˈ
jĕnd), a story that has been handed down.
legˈ
end-a-ry (lĕjˈ
ĕn-da᷵-rĭ), fabulous, traditional.
le-gitˈ
i-mate (le᷵-jĭtˈ
ĭ-māt), lawful.
leiˈ
sure (lēˈ
zhu᷵r), time free from work.
Le Morte D’Arthur (lĕ môrt därˈ
thẽr), French for the death of
Arthur.
Le-odˈ
o-gran (lā-ŏdˈ
ō-grăn).
lepˈ
ro-sy (lĕpˈ
rō-sĭ), an incurable disease.
le-tharˈ
gic (le᷵-thärˈ
jĭk), heavy with sleep.
lethˈ
ar-gy (lĕthˈ
ȧr-jĭ), continued or profound sleep; state of inaction.
likeˈ
li-est (līkˈ
lĭ-ĕst), fittest.
Liˈ
ma Town (lēˈ
mä), in Peru.
limˌ
i-taˈ
tion (lĭmˌ
ĭ-tāˈ
shŭn), that which confines within limits.
Linˈ
coln-shire (lĭnˈ
kŭn-shẽr), a county in England.
linˈ
e-age (lĭnˈ
e᷵-a᷵j), descent, family.
linˈ
e-al (lĭnˈ
e᷵-ăl), descending in a direct line.
linˈ
net (lĭnˈ
ĕt), a common small finch.
Liˈ
on-el (līˈ
ŭn-ĕl).
Liˈ
o-nesˌ(lēˈ
ō-nĕsˌ
).
linˈ
sey-woolˈ
sey (lĭnˈ
zĭ-wo͡ olˈ
zĭ), coarse cloth made of linen and wool.
lists (lĭsts), chooses, likes; the field of knightly combat.
literal and metaphorical (lĭtˈ ẽr-ăl, mĕtˈ
ȧ-fôrˈ
ĭ-kăl), speaking
according to both fact and figure.
litˈ
er-al-ly (lĭtˈ
ẽr-ăl-lĭ), word by word.
litˈ
er-a-ture (lĭtˈ
ẽr-ȧ-tu᷵r), the class of writings of a given country,
or period, or people, which is notable for form or expression.
Lithˈ
gow (lĭthˈ
gō), a town near Edinburgh.
litˈ
ter (lĭtˈ
ẽr), a stretcher so arranged with poles at the sides that a
sick or wounded person may easily be carried on it.
liveˈ
longˌ(lĭvˈ
lŏngˌ
), whole.
livˈ
er of his soul, most loved possession.
loadˈ
stoneˌ(lōdˈ
stōnˌ
), magnet.
loath (lōth), unwilling.
loch (lŏk), a lake.
Loch-gyleˈ(lŏk-gīlˈ
).
Loch-ielˈ(lŏk-ēlˈ
).
Locke, John, English philosopher (1632-1704).
lockˈ
er (lŏkˈ
ẽr), a chest or compartment for stowing anything snugly.
lodge-pole (lŏj-pōl), a long, slender pole used in setting up a tent.
Lo-foˈ
den (lō-fōˈ
dĕn), a group of islands off the coast of northern
Norway.
loftˈ
i-est (lŏftˈ
ĭ-ĕst), highest.
Log (lŏg), the full nautical record of a ship’s voyage.
logˈ
ic (lŏjˈ
ĭk), reason.
lolled (lŏld), hung.
lonˌ
gi-tuˈ
di-nal (lŏnˌ
jĭ-tūˈ
dĭ-năl), running lengthwise.
’longˈ
shore lub-bers (lŏngˈ
shōr lŭbˈ
bẽrz), people used to staying on
shore.
long-vanˈ
ished, long disappeared.
loom (lo̅ o̅ m), appearance of exaggerated size.
loomˈ
ing (lo̅ o̅ mˈ
ĭng), appearing.
loosed (lo̅ o̅ st) storm breaks furiously, the storm that has been
released, breaks angrily.
Lord Naˈ
pi-er (nāˈ
pĭ-ẽr).
lore (lōr), wisdom, knowledge.
loˈ
sel (lōˈ
zĕl), a worthless person.
Los Muerˈ
tos (lōs mĕrˈ
tōs).
lot is cast with men, your life must be led among men.
louˈ
is d’or (lo̅ o̅ ˈ
ē dōr), a former gold coin of France.
loungˈ
ing (lounjˈ
ĭng), idling, reclining.
lour, frown, to look threatening.
loyˈ
al-ty (loiˈ
ăl-tĭ), faithfulness.
lubˈ
ber-ly (lŭbˈ
ẽr-lĭ), like a clumsy fellow, ignorant of seamanship.
Luˈ
can (lūˈ
kăn).
luckless starrˈ
d, born under an unlucky star; unfortunate.
Luckˈ
nowˌ(lŭkˈ
nouˌ
), a city in India.
luˈ
cra-tive (lūˈ
krȧ-tĭv), making money, profitable.
luˈ
di-crous (lūˈ
dĭ-krŭs), ridiculous, comical.
lugˈ
sailˌ(lŭgˈ
sālˌ
), a four-sided sail without a boom.
lu-guˈ
bri-ous (lu᷵-gūˈ
brĭ-ŭs), mournful.
lulled (lŭld), quieted.
lumˈ
ber-ing (lŭmˈ
bẽr-ĭng), bulky, rumbling.
luˈ
mi-nous (lūˈ
mĭ-nŭs), shining; full of light.
lurch (lûrch), a sudden roll to one side.
luˈ
rid (lūˈ
rĭd), like glowing fire seen through cloud or smoke; terrible,
blazing.
lurkˈ
ing (lûrkˈ
ĭng), hidden, sneaking.
lusˈ
ter (lŭsˈ
tẽr), brightness, glitter.
Luˈ
ther, Martin (lo̅ o̅ ˈ
thẽr), a German reformer, translator of the Bible
and writer of many hymns.
lux-uˈ
ri-ous (lŭks-ūˈ
rĭ-ŭs), extravagant; with unrestrained delight.
madˈ
dened (mădˈ
’nd), enraged.
made shift, managed, contrived.
Maelˈ
strom (mālˈ
strŏm), a whirlpool on the coast of Norway.
magˌ
a-zineˈ(măgˌ ȧ-zēnˈ
), the place where the cartridges are put in a
gun; a storehouse, granary.
Magˈ
da-la (măgˈ
dȧ-lȧ).
Maˈ
gi (māˈ jī), the three wise men who brought gifts to the Christ
child. Matt. II.
magˈ
ic (măjˈ
ĭk), sorcery, witchery, charm.
ma-giˈ
cian (mȧ-jĭshˈ
ăn), one skilled in magic.
magˈ
is-tra-cy (măjˈ
ĭs-trȧ-sĭ), office of a magistrate or public officer.
magˌna-nimˈi-ty (măgˌ
nȧ-nĭmˈ
ĭ-tĭ), great minded, raised above what
is ungenerous.
mag-nanˈ
i-mous (măg-nănˈ
ĭ-mŭs), unselfish.
magˈ
ni-tude (măgˈ
nĭ-tūd), greatness, size.
mag-noˈli-a (măg-nōˈ lĭ-ȧ), a genus of trees having aromatic bark
and large fragrant white, pink, or purple blossoms.
ma-houtˈ(mȧ-houtˈ
), the keeper and driver of an elephant.
main (mān), the great sea.
main-tainedˈ(mān-tāndˈ
), kept, held.
mainˈ
te-nance (mānˈ
te᷵-năns), support.
Ma-layˈ (mȧ-lā; māˈ lā), a native of the Malayan peninsula, the
extreme south end of the mainland of Asia, or of the
neighboring islands.
ma-levˈ
o-lent (mȧ-lĕvˈ
ō-lĕnt), wishing evil.
malˈ
ice (mălˈ
ĭs), ill will.
malˈ
let (mălˈ
lĕt), a wooden hammer.
Malˈ
or-y, Sir Thomas (mălˈ
ō-rĭ).
Mal-teseˈ (môl-tēzˈ
), a native of Malta, an island in the
Mediterranean sea, south of Sicily.
manˈ
age-a-ble (mănˈ
a᷵j-ȧ-b’l), governable.
manˈ
date (mănˈ
da᷵t), command, order.
manˈ
gle (mănˈ
g’l), spoil, injure, mutilate.
maˈ
ni-a (māˈ
nĭ-ȧ), madness, violent desire, craze.
maˈ
ni-ac (māˈ
nĭ-ăk), a madman.
manˌ
i-fes-taˈ
tion (mănˌ
ĭ-fĕs-tāˈ
shŭn), revelation, disclosure.
manˈ
i-fest-ly (mănˈ
ĭ-fĕst-lĭ), clearly, plainly.
manˈ
i-fold (mănˈ
ĭ-fōld), numerous.
manly motive and sustainment (mōˈ
tĭv, sŭs-tānˈ
mĕnt), strength to
face a situation bravely.
manned (mănd), supplied with men for a crew.
manˈ
or (mănˈ
ẽr), house or hall of an estate.
ma-raudˈ
er (mȧ-rôdˈ
ẽr), plunderer.
Mareˈ
schal (märˈ
shăl), general, commander-in-chief.
Mare Tenˈ e-braˈ
rum (mäˈ
rĕ tĕnˈ
e᷵-bräˈ
rŭm), Latin words meaning
sea of darkness.
markˈ
ing time (märkˈ
ĭng), moving of the feet alternately.
mart (märt), contraction of market.
marˈ
tial (märˈ
shăl), warlike.
marˈ
tin (märˈ
tĭn), kind of bird.
Martˈ
ling, Dofˈ
fue (märtˈ
lĭng, dŏfˈ
fū).
marˈ
vel (märˈ
vĕl), wonder.
Maseˈ
field, John (māsˈ
fēld).
mask (măsk), hide.
maˈ
son-ry (māˈ
s’n-rĭ), work of a mason.
massˈ
a-cre (mȧsˈ
ă-kẽr), the murder of human beings in numbers.
Masˈ
sa-soit (măsˈ
ȧ-soit), father of King Philip, a Wampanoag
sachem.
masˈ
sive (mȧsˈ
ĭv), heavy, weighty, bulky.
matchˈ
lock (măchˈ
lŏk), an old style gun.
maˌ
teˈ
ri-al enˈ
er-gy (mȧˌ
tēˈ
rĭ-ăl ĕnˈ
ĕr-jĭ), physical power.
ma-terˈ
nal (mȧ-tûrˈ
năl), motherly, relating to a mother.
mathˌ
e-ma-tiˈ
cian (măthˌ
e᷵-mȧ-tĭshˈ
ăn), one versed in the science
of mathematics.
Mathˈ
er, Cotton (măthˈ ẽr), an American clergyman and author of a
church history of America. He took an active part in the
persecutions for witchcraft, carried on in New England.
matˈ
tock (mătˈ
ŭk), an implement for digging and grubbing.
ma-tureˈ
ly (mȧ-tūr-lĭ), completely.
mauˈ
ger (môˈ
gẽr), in spite of.
maulˈ
ing (môlˈ
ĭng), beating.
maunˈ
der (mônˈ
dẽr; mänˈ
dẽr), mumble, mutter.
maxˈ
im (măkˈ
sĭm), proverb.
May bedecks the naked trees, May causes the flowers and leaves
to come forth on the bare trees.
mayˈ
flowˌ
er, the trailing arbutus.
McCraeˈ
, John D. (krā).
mead (mēd), meadow.
me-anˈ
der (me᷵-ănˈ
dẽr), to wind.
measˈured in cups of ale (mĕzhˈ u᷵rd), counted the length (of the
story) by the number of cups drunk.
meat (mēt), a meal.
me-chanˈ
i-cal-ly (me᷵-kănˈ
ĭ-kăl-ĭ), like a machine.
me-chanˈics (me᷵-kănˈĭks), those who work with machinery or in
the making of machinery.
medˈ
dling (mĕdˈ
’lĭng), busying oneself, interfering with.
mevdi-ocˈ
ri-ty (mēˌ
dĭ-ŏkˈ
rĭ-tĭ), common quality, average.
medˈ
i-tate (mĕdˈ
ĭ-tāt), muse or ponder, think over again and again.
medˈ
ley (mĕdˈ
lĭ), mixture.
Me-doˈ
ra (mē-dōˈ
ră).
meetˈ
ly (mētˈ
lĭ), fitly.
melˈ
an-cho-ly (mĕlˈ
ăn-kŏl-ĭ), mournful, sad, depressed; sadness.
memˈ
oir (mĕmˈ wŏr; wär), an account of events as remembered or
gathered from certain sources by the writer.
memˈ
or-a-ble (mĕmˈ
ōr-ȧ-b’l), remarkable, notable, worthy of
remembrance.
menˈ
ace (mĕnˈ
a᷵s), threaten.
menˈ
di-can-cy (mĕnˈ
dĭ-kăn-sĭ), state of being a beggar.
men of my blood, fellow Englishmen.
men of worˈ
ship, men to be respected.
men-talˈ
i-ty (mĕn-tălˈ
ĭ-tĭ), state of mind.
merˈ
ce-na-ry (mûrˈ se᷵-na᷵-rĭ), hired soldiers in the service of a
country other than their own.
merˈ
cu-ry (mûrˈ ku᷵-rĭ), quicksilver, a heavy metal, liquid at all
ordinary temperatures, used in barometers.
Merˈ
cu-ry (mûrˈ
ku᷵-rĭ), in Roman mythology the messenger of
Jupiter.
mere (mēr), lake.
mereˈ
stead (mērˈ
stĕd), farm.
merˌ
e-triˈ
cious (mĕrˌ
e᷵-trĭshˈ
ŭs), tawdry, gaudy.
Merˈ
sey (mẽrˈ
zĭ), a river in England.
me-seemˈ
eth (me᷵-sēmˈ
ĕth), it seems to me.
meshes of steel, the steel nets used to entangle the submarines.
messˌ
mate (mĕsˌ
mātˈ
), table companion.
Me-ta-comˈ
et (mā-tȧ-kŏmˈ
ĕt).
met-alˈ
lic (me᷵t-tălˈ
ĭk), resembling metal.
metˈ
a-phor (mĕtˈ ȧ-fẽr), a figure of speech in which the
characteristics of one thing are carried over to another.
meˈ
te-or flag, flag raised high in the air.
meteor of the ocean air, the flag.
Methˈ
ven (mĕthˈ
vĕn), a village near Perth.
metˈ
tle (mĕtˈ
’l), spirit.
Mi-anˌ
to-niˈ
mo (mĭ-ănˌ
tō-nīˈ
mō), Sachem of the Narragansetts.
Miˈ
das (mīˈdȧs), a king, in fable, whose touch turned everything to
gold.
Midˈ
i-an-ites (mĭdˈ
ĭ-ăn-īts), an Arabian tribe that made war upon the
Israelites.
mien (mēn), manner, air.
might not serve him hitherto, up to that time might not allow
him to.
mighˈ
ty tuskˈ
er (mĭtˈ
ĭ tŭsˈ
kẽr), elephant having large tusks.
miˈ
grate (mīˈ
grāt), to go from one place to another, to move.
Milˈ
an (mīˈ
lăn; mīˌ
lanˈ
), a city, also a province, of Lombardy, Italy.
milˈ
let (mĭlˈlĕt), any one of several grasses bearing small, roundish
grains.
mimˈ
ic (mĭmˈ
ĭk), imitate.
minˈ
gled (mĭnˈ
g’ld), mixed, blended.
minˈ
is-ter (mĭnˈ
ĭs-tẽr), supply.
Miˈ
nor-ites (mīˈ
nŏr-ītz), a Franciscan order.
minˈ
strel (mĭnˈ
strĕl), one who sang verses to the accompaniment of
a harp; a poet.
mi-nuteˈ(mĭ-nūtˈ
), very small.
mi-racˈ
u-lous (mĭ-răkˈ
u᷵-lŭs), wonderful.
Mi-ranˈ
da (mĭ-rănˈ
dä).
mirˈ
y (mīrˈ
ĭ), covered with mud.
misvan-thropˈ
ic (mĭsˌ
ăn-thrŏpˈ
ĭk), avoiding one’s kind; not liking
mankind.
mis-calˌ
cu-laˈ
tion (mĭs-kălˌ
ku᷵-lāˈ
shŭn), a wrong judgment.
misˈ
chie-vous (mĭsˈ
chĭ-vŭs), full of mischief.
mis-givˈ
ing (mĭs-gĭvˈ
ĭng), fear, distrust.
mis-ruleˈ(mĭs-ro̅ o̅ lˈ
), disorder, bad government.
mis-shapˈ en (mĭs-shāp’n), deformed, having a bad or ugly shape or
form.
misˈ
sile (mĭsˈ
ĭl), a weapon or object thrown.
mocˈ
ca-sin (mŏkˈ ȧ-sĭn), a shoe of deer-skin, with the sole and upper
cut in one piece.
mockˈ
er-y (mŏkˈ
ẽr-ĭ), ridicule, insult; imitation.
mode (mōd), manner.
modˈ
er-ate (mŏdˈ
ẽr-a᷵t), reasonable; calm.
modˈ
i-cum (mŏdˈ
ĭ-kŭm), a little, a small quantity.
Moˈ
dred (mōˈ
drĕd).
Moˈ
hawks (mōˈ hôks), Indians of the principal tribe of the Iroquois
Confederacy, formerly occupying the Mohawk Valley, New York.
moˌ
les-taˈ
tion (mōˌ
lĕs-tāˈ
shŭn), disturbance, annoyance.
molt (mōlt), shed, cast off.
moˈ
ment (mōˈ
mĕnt), importance.
moˈ
men-ta-ry (mōˈ
mĕn-tȧ-rĭ), short-lived.
mo-menˈ
tum (mō-mĕnˈ
tŭm), the force of motion in a moving body.
monˈ
grel (mŭnˈ
grĕl), of mixed origin.
mo-notˈ
o-ny (mō-nŏtˈ
ō-nĭ), sameness, want of variety.
monˈ
strous (mŏnˈ
strŭs), marvelous, enormous.
Mon-teithˈ(mŏn-tēthˈ
).
mon-teˈ
ro (mŏn-tāˈ
rō), a hunting cap with flaps.
Monˌ
te-zuˈma (mŏnˌ te᷵-zo̅ o̅ ˈ
mȧ), a war chief or emperor of the
Aztecs in ancient Mexico.
moodˈ
y (mo̅ o̅ dˈ
ĭ), gloomy, sullen.
moor (mo̅ o̅ r), sandy ground more or less marshy.
moored (mo̅ o̅ rd), tied, fastened.
moose (mo̅ o̅ s), a large animal of the deer family.
morˈ
al-izving (mŏrˈ ăl-īzˌ
ĭng), thinking about the meaning of life,
drawing morals.
mo-rassˈ(mō-răsˈ
), swamp.
morˈ
sel (môrˈ
sĕl), a little piece.
morˈ
tal (môrˈ
tăl), subject to death; causing death.
mortal means, human ways.
morˌ
ti-fi-caˈ
tion (môrˌ
tĭ-fĭ-kāˈ
shŭn), shame, humiliation.
Moˈ
ses (mōˈ zĕz), the character in the Bible who led the Children of
Israel through the Wilderness to the Promised Land. Exodus I.
Mosˈ
koe-strom (mŏsˈ
kō-strŏm).
Mosˈ
lem mosque (mŏzˈ
lĕm mŏsk), a Mohammedan place of
worship.
Moˈ
ti Guj (mōˈ
tĭ go̅ o̅ j).
moˈ
tive (mōˈ
tĭv), cause, reason, object.
motˈ
tled (mŏtˈ
l’d), spotted.
mounˈ
tain-men (mounˈ
tĭn), men who live in mountainous regions.
Mount Helˈ
i-con (mount hĕlˈ
ĭ-kŏn).
Mount Par-nasˈ sus (mount pär-năsˈ ŭs), a mountain in Greece,
sacred to Apollo and the Muses.
mouthˈ
ings (mouthˈ
ĭngz), excited talking, ravings.
moy dore, moiˈ
dore (moiˈ
dōr), a gold coin of Portugal.
mufˈ
fled (mŭfˈ
l’d), wrapped up closely.
Mulatas Cays (mo̅ o̅ -läˈ
tȧs kās).
mule deer (mūl dēr), a long-eared deer of western North America.
mu-seˈ
um (mu᷵-zēˈ ŭm), a collection of natural, scientific, or literary
curiosities, or of works of art.
musˈ
ing (mūzˈ
ĭng), thinking, mediating.
musˈ
ket-eersˈ(mŭsˈ
kĕt-ērz), soldiers armed with muskets.
Musˈ
sul-mans (mŭsˈ
ŭl-mănz), Mohammedans.
musˈ
ter (mŭsˈtẽr), the sum total of a body or ship’s company;
assembly for parade; show, display; to collect.
muˈ
ta-ble (mūˈ
tȧ-b’l), changeable.
muˌ
ti-neerˈ(mūˌ
tĭ-nērˈ
), one who refuses to obey lawful authority.
muˈ
ti-ny (mūˈ
tĭ-nĭ), insurrection against, or refusal to obey authority.
muˈ
tu-al (mūˈ
tu᷵-ăl), common.
muzˈ
zle (mŭzˈ
’l), mouth.
my heart giveth unto you, my liking for you tells me.
myn-heerˈ(mīn-hār; mĭn-hērˈ
), the Dutch term for mister.
myrˈ
i-ad-handˈ
ed (mĭrˈ
ĭ-ăd-hăndˈ
ĕd), thousand-handed.
mysˈ
ter-y (mĭsˈ
tẽr-ĭ), profound secret.
myth (mĭth), imaginary person.
Narˌ
ra-ganˈsets (nărˌ ȧ-gănˈ
sĕts), a tribe of Algonquian Indians
formerly dwelling about Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island.
nar-rateˈ(nă-rātˈ
), relate, tell.
narˈ
ra-tive (nărˈ
ȧ-tĭv), story, account.
natˈ
u-ral hisˈto-ry (nătˈ
u᷵-răl hĭsˈ
tō-rĭ), the study of animals and
their habits.
natˈ
u-ral-ist (nătˈū-răl-ĭst), a student of natural history, especially of
the natural history of animals.
natˌ
u-ral provˈ
en-der (nătˌ
u᷵-răl prŏvˈ
ĕn-dẽr), usual food.
navˈ
i-gate (năvˈ
ĭ-gāt), to journey on, to travel by water.
Naˈ
zim (näˈ
zĭm).
ne-cesˈ
si-tate (ne᷵-sĕsˈ
ĭ-tāt), make necessary.
ne-cesˈ
si-ty (ne᷵-sĕsˈ
ĭ-tĭ), need.
necessity was upon them, they needed, were obliged to.
necˈ
ro-manˌ
cy (nĕkˈ rō-mănˌsĭ), the art of revealing the future by
communication with the spirits of the dead.
Nelˈ
son, Ho-raˈ
tio (1758-1805), a great English admiral.
nestˈ
ling (nĕstˈ
lĭng), young bird.
never a prophet so crazy, never a foreteller of events so excited,
or distracted with eager desire.
Newˈ
casˌ
tle (nūˈ
kȧsˌ
’l), a manufacturing city in the north of England.
New-eˈ
ra Elˈ
li-a (nū-ēˈ
rȧ ĕlˈ
lĭ-ȧ).
New South Shetland (shĕtˈ lănd), archipelago, in the Antarctic
Ocean, near Cape Horn.
Newˈton, Sir Isaac, an English philosopher and mathematician
(1642-1727).
nice (nīs), discriminating, exacting.
niche (nĭch), a hollow or recess, generally within the thickness of a
wall, for a statue or bust.
Nicholas Nickleby (nĭkˈ
ō-lȧs nĭk’l-bĭ).
Nieuw-Nederlandts, Dutch for New Netherlands.
Niˈ
gel (nīˈ
gĕl).
nigˈ
gard-ly (nīgˈ
ȧrd-lĭ), stingy.
nightˈ
rack, night wreckage.
nine at night, nine o’clock.
Nipˈ
muck (nĭpˈ
mŭk).
nobly proportioned, of great build.
noised abroad, told abroad.
nomˈ
i-nal (nŏmˈ
ĭ-năl), not real or actual.
noonˈ
ing (no̅ o̅ nˈ
ĭng), noontime.
northˈ
er (nôrˈ
thĕr), a wind from the north.
North-gaˈ
lis (nôrth-gāˈ
lĭs).
North-umˈ
ber-land (nôr-thŭmˈ
bẽr-lănd).
Nor-weˈgian (nŏr-wēˈjăn), pertaining to Norway, a country of
northern Europe.
noˈ
tion (nōˈ
shŭn), fancy, imagination.
notˌ
with-standˈ
ing (nŏtˌ
wĭth-stănˈ
dĭng), although.
novˈ
el (nŏvˈ
ĕl), new, unusual.
Nuˈ
bi-an ge-ogˈ ra-pher (nūˈ bĭ-ȧn je᷵-ogˈ-rȧ-fẽr). Poe in all
probability refers to the African geographer, Ptolemy.
nugˈ
get (nŭgˈ
ĕt), a native lump of precious metal.
nupˈ
tials (nŭpˈ
shălz), marriage.
obˈ
e-lisk (ŏbˈ
e᷵-lĭsk), an upright, pointed, four-sided pillar.
ob-liqueˈ
ly (ŏb-lēkˈ
lĭ), slantingly.
oˈ
boe (ōˈ
boi), a wind instrument.
obˌ
ser-vaˈ tion (ŏbˌzẽr-vāˈ
shŭn), taking notice; the ascertaining of the
altitude of a heavenly body to find a vessel’s position at sea.
obˈ
sta-cle (ŏbˈ
stȧ-k’l), hindrance.
obˈ
sti-na-cy (ŏbˈ
stĭ-nȧ-sĭ), stubbornness.
obˈ
sti-nate-ly main-tainedˈ (ŏbˈ
stĭ-nāt-lĭ mān-tāndˈ
), stubbornly
kept up.
oc-caˈ
sion (ŏ-kāˈ
zhŭn), occurrence, favorable opportunity.
oˈ
cean-warˈ
ri-ors (ōˈ
shŭn-wôrˈ
yẽrz), mariners.
Ock-la-waˈ ha (ŏk-lä-wäˈ
hä), a branch of the St. Johns river in
Florida.
ode (ōd), a short poem suitable to be set to music or sung.
of-fenˈ
sive war (ŏf-ĕnˈ
sĭv), an attack made by an invading army.
ofˈ
fice (ŏfˈ
ĭs), service.
offˈ
ing (ŏfˈ
ĭng), that part of the sea where there is deep water and
no need of a pilot.
of his own caste (kȧst), of his own class in society.
Og, King of Bashan (ŏg, king of bāˈ
shăn), a giant defeated by the
Hebrews. Deuteronomy III.
oˈ
gling (ōˈ
glĭng), glancing at, eyeing.
Old Noll (nōl), Oliver Cromwell.
olˈ
y-koekˌ(ŏlˈ
ĭ-ko͡ okˌ
), kind of doughnut.
oˈ
men (ōˈ
mĕn), sign, foreboding.
omˈ
i-nous (ŏmˈ
ĭ-nŭs), foreboding, threatening evil.
onˈ
er-ous (ŏnˈ
ẽr-ŭs), burdensome.
oph-thalˈ
mi-a (ŏf-thălˈ
mĭ-ȧ), inflammation of the membrane of the
eye.
opˌ
por-tuneˈ
ly (ŏpˌ
ŏr-tūnˈ
lĭ), timely.
op-presˈ
sion (ŏ-prĕshˈ
ŭn), cruelty.
op-pressˈ
ive (ŏ-prĕsˈ
ĭv), unjustly severe.
opˈ
u-lence (ŏpˈ
u᷵-lẽns), wealth.
orb (ôrb), a spherical body, globe.
or-dainedˈ(ŏr-dāndˈ
), appointed.
orˈ
di-na-ries (ôrˈ
dĭ-na᷵-rĭz), hotels.
ordˈ
nance (ôrdˈ
năns), cannon, artillery.
orˈ
gy (ôrˈ
jĭ), drunken revelry.
Orkˈ
ney (ôrkˈ
nĭ), a county in Scotland, including the Orkney Islands.
orˈ
ner-y (ôrˈ
nẽr-ĭ), dialect for ordinary, bad-tempered.
orˌ
ni-tholˈ
o-gy (ôrˌ
nĭ-thŏlˈ
ō-jĭ), the study of birds.
ortˈ
a-gues (ôrtˈ
ȧ-gūz), Spanish coins.
orˈ
tho-dox (ôrˈ
thō-dŏks), sound of belief, approved.
Otˈ
ter-holm (ŏtˈ
ẽr-hōm).
oust (oust), to take away, remove.
outˈ
lawˈ(outˈ
lôˈ
), one deprived of the protection of the law.
outˈ
line (outˈ
līn), edge.
out-stayˈ
ing (out-stāˈ
ĭng), staying beyond.
oˈ
ver-haulˈ(ōˈ
vẽr-hôlˈ
), overtake.
owed him a grudge, held it against him deservedly.
pace (pās), walk over.
pacˈ
i-fied (păsˈ
ĭ-fīd), quieted, smoothed over.
padˈ
dy (pădˈ
ĭ), unhusked rice.
paˈ
gan (pāˈ
găn), one who worships false gods, a heathen.
page (pāj), a youth undergoing training for knighthood.
pagˈ
eant (păjˈ ĕnt), a spectacle, a stately or showy parade, often
with floats.
pain of a fearful curse, threatening dire punishment.
paintˈ
ed shell, the ship.
Paisˈ
ley (pāzˈ
lĭ), a city near Glasgow, Scotland.
palˈ
frey (pălˈ
frĭ), saddle horse for a lady.
palˈ
ing (pālˈ
ĭng), fence.
palˈ
let (pălˈ
ĕt), a small mean bed, a bed of straw.
palˈ
lid (pălˈ
ĭd), pale.
PallˈMallˈ(pĕlˈmĕlˈ
; pălˈmălˈ ), in London, a street which is the center
of fashionable club life.
palm-tree todˈdy (päm-trē tŏˈ
dĭ), free or fermented sap of various
East Indian palms.
Pal-omˈ
i-des (păl-ŏmˈ
ĭ-dĕz).
palˈ
sy (pôlˈ
zĭ), paralysis, lack of energy.
palˈ
try (pôlˈ
trĭ), trifling, worthless.
pangs (pāngz), keen, intense pain.
panˈ
ic (pănˈ
ĭk), sudden fright.
panˈ
o-raˈ
ma (pănˈ
ō-räˈ
mȧ), a complete view in every direction.
pant (pȧnt), to breathe quickly or in a labored manner.
pa-radeˈ(pȧ-rādˈ
), display.
Parˈ
a-guay (părˈ
ȧ-gwā), a republic in South America.
Paˈ
ri-an (päˈ
re᷵-än), from Paros, a small island in the Aegean Sea
from which a beautiful white marble was obtained in ancient
times.
parˈ
ley (pärˈ
lĭ), speech; talk.
Parˈ
lia-ment (pärˈ
lĭ-mĕnt), the ruling body in England.
parˈ
si-mo-ny (pärˈ
sĭ-mō-nĭ), stinginess.
parˈ
tial-ly (părˈ
shăl-ĭ), in part.
par-ticˈ
u-lar-ize (pär-tĭkˈ
u᷵-lȧr-īz), to mention particularly or in
detail.
particularizing manner (pär-tĭkˈ
u᷵-lȧr-īzˈ
-ĭng), explaining every
detail.
par-ticˈ
u-lar-ly (pär-tĭkˈ
u᷵-lȧr-lĭ), expressly, in an especial manner.
par-ticˈ
u-lars (pär-tĭkˈ
u᷵-lȧrz), details.
parˈ
tridge (pärˈ
trĭj), a kind of bird.
pass (pȧs), passage, road.
passˈ
ing (pȧsˈ
ĭng), very.
pasˈ
sion (păshˈ
ŭn), feeling, deep interest or zeal.
pasˈ
sive (păsˈ
ĭv), indifferent, not active.
past musˈ
ter-ing (mŭsˈ
tẽr-ĭng), too much exhausted to tell.
patˈ
ent (pȧtˈ
ĕnt), apparent.
pa-terˈ
nal (pȧ-tûrˈ
năl), pertaining to a father.
paˈ
thos (pāˈ
thŏs), pity.
paˈ
tri-arch (pātrĭ-ärk), veteran, an old man.
pa-trolˈ(pȧ-trōlˈ
), to guard, watch.
paˈ
tron (pāˈ trŭn), a man of distinction under whose protection a
client placed himself; one who helps a person, cause, work,
sport, or the like.
pavˈ
er (pāvˈ
ẽr), one who lays bricks or stones.
pa-vilˈ
ion (pȧ-vĭlˈ
yŭn), tent.
Paw-neeˈ(pô-nēˈ
), one of an Indian tribe.
Paw-tuckˈ
et (pô-tŭkˈ
ĕt).
peag (pēg), shell beads used as money, etc., by the aborigines and
settlers of the Atlantic coast of North America.
peaˈ
-jackˈ
et (pēˈ
jăkˈ
ĕt), a thick, loose, woollen, double-breasted coat.
peal (pēl), a sound, loud summons.
peasˈ
ant (pĕzˈ
ănt), countryman.
peasˈ
ant-ry (pĕzˈ
ănt-rĭ), peasants.
pe-culˈ
iar (pe᷵-kūlˈ
yȧr), belonging to or characteristic of; strange.
pe-culˈ
iar porˈ
tion (pe᷵-kūlˈ
yȧr pôrˈ
shŭn), own particular share.
Peckˈ
su-ot (pĕkˈ
so̅ o̅ -ŏt), an Indian chief.
pe-cuˈ
ni-a-ry (pe᷵-kūˈ
nĭ-a᷵-rĭ), financial.
pedˈ
a-gogue (pĕdˈ
ȧ-gŏg), teacher.
pedˈ
i-gree (pĕdˈ
ĭ-grē), line of ancestors.
peer (pēr), equal; lord.
Pelˈ
li-nore (pĕlˈ
ĭ-nōr).
pelˈ
tries (pĕlˈ
trĭz), skins.
penˌ
e-tratˈ
ed (pĕnˌ
e᷵-trātˈ
ĕd), entered into.
penˈ
e-traˌ
tion (pĕnˈ
e᷵-trāˌ
shŭn), sharpness, discrimination.
penitence was sincere (pĕnˈ
ĭ-tĕns, sĭn-sērˈ
), were really sorry for
what they had done.
penˈ
i-tent (pĕnˈ
ĭ-tĕnt), sorrowful for offenses.
penˈ
non (pĕnˈ
ŭn), flag.
penˈ
ny-royˈ
al (pĕnˈ
ĭ-roiˈ
ăl), a plant of the mint family.
Penˈ
rith (pĕnˈ
rĭth), an ancient market town in northwestern England.
penˈ
sive (pĕnˈ
sĭv), thoughtful, sad.
pent (pĕnt), shut up or confined.
Penˈ
te-cost (pĕnˈte᷵-kŏst), a festival of the Christian church
observed annually in remembrance of the descent of the Holy
Ghost upon the disciples; the seventh Sunday after Easter.
peˈ
on (pēˈ
ŏn), a common laborer; a serf in some countries.
peˈ
o-ny (pēˈ
ō-nĭ), a large, showy flower, red, pink, or pure white.
Pequod or Pequot (pēˈkwŏt; pēˈ
kwōt), an Algonquian tribe of North
American Indians.
perˈ
ad-venˈ
ture (pĕrˈ
ăd-vĕnˈ
tu᷵r), perhaps.
per-amˈ
bu-laˈ
tion (pĕr-ăm-bu᷵-lāˈ
shŭn), walk.
per-cepˈ
ti-ble (pĕr-sĕpˈ
tĭ-b’l), able to be seen; noticeable.
perˈ
emp-tor-y (pĕrˈ
ĕmp-tō-rĭ), final, positive.
per-fidˈ
i-ous inˌ
sti-gaˈ
tion (pẽr-fĭdˈ
ĭ-ŭs ĭnˌ
stĭ-gāˈ
shŭn), treacherous
goading.
perˈ
fi-dy (pûrˈ
fĭ-dĭ), treachery.
perˈ
il (pĕrˈ
ĭl), danger.
perˈ
il-ous task, dangerous undertaking.
perˌ
pen-dicˈ
u-lar (pûrˌ
pĕn-dĭkˈ
u᷵-lȧr), exactly upright or vertical.
per-plexˈ
i-ty (pẽr-plĕksˈ
ĭ-tĭ), complication.
Perˈ
sant (pĕrˈ
sȧnt).
perˌ
se-cuˈ tion (pûrˌ se᷵-kūˈ shŭn), the infliction of loss, pain, or death
for belief, etc.; pursuing to injure or trouble.
perˌ
se-vereˈ(pûrˌ
se᷵-vērˈ
), to continue.
per-sistˈ
ed (pẽr-sĭstˈ
ĕd), stood firm.
perˈ
son-a-ble (pûrˈ
sŭn-ȧ-b’l), good looking.
per-suaˈsive iron hooks (pẽr-swāˈ
sĭv), iron hooks or goads which
force.
perˌ
ti-naˈ
cious (pûrˌ
tĭ-nāˈ
shŭs), constant.
pe-ruseˈ(pe᷵-ro̅ o̅ zˈ
), read.
per-vadeˈ(pẽr-vādˈ
), spread through.
per-verseˈ(pẽr-vûrsˈ
), turned aside or away from the right; contrary.
pe-tiˈ
tion (pe᷵-tĭshˈ
ŭn), written request.
petˈ
ty (pĕtˈ
ĭ), small.
pewˈ
ter (pūˈ
tẽr), dishes made of a combination of tin and some
other metal.
phanˈ
tom (fănˈ
tŭm), a ghost, a fancied vision.
phase (fāz), aspect.
phe-nomˈ e-non, pl. phe-nomˈ e-na (fe᷵-nŏmˈ e᷵-nŏn), an
extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence.
phi-lanˈ
thro-pist (fĭl-ănˈ
thrō-pĭst), one who loves mankind and
seeks to promote the good of others.
Phi-lisˈ
tines (fĭ-lĭsˈ
tĭnz), a people dwelling southwest of Palestine
who were frequently at war with the Hebrews.
Philˈ
lips Exˈe-ter A-cadˈ e-my (fĭlˈĭps ĕkˈse᷵-ter ȧ-kădˈ
e᷵-mĭ), a
preparatory school for boys in Exeter, N. H.
phi-losˈ
o-phy (fĭ-lŏsˈ
ō-fĭ), practical wisdom.
Phlegˈe-thon (flĕgˈe᷵-thŏn), in Greek mythology a river of fire in
the lower world.
physˈ
i-cal-ly (fĭzˈ
ĭ-kăl-lĭ), naturally.
physˌ
i-ogˈ
no-my (fĭzˌ
ĭ-ŏgˈ
nō-mĭ), face.
phy-siqueˈ(fĭ-zēkˈ
), constitution.
pi-azˈ
za (pĭ-ăzˈ
ȧ), porch.
piˈ
broch (pēˈ brŏk), a Highland air suited to some particular passion,
especially a martial air played on the bagpipe.
pickˈ
et (pĭkˈ
ĕt), a pointed stake, or post; to fasten with stakes.
pier-glass (pēr), a narrow mirror put up between windows.
piˈ
e-ty (pīˈ
e᷵-tĭ), goodness.
pilˈ
lage (pĭlˈ
a᷵j), plunder.
pilˈ
lion (pĭlˈ
yŭn), a pad or cushion put on behind a man’s saddle for a
woman to ride on.
piˈ
lot (pīˈ
lŭt), a person who directs the course of a ship along the
shore, or into and out of harbors and rivers.
pin (pĭn), a piece of wood or metal, used as a fastening or support,
a peg.
pined (pīnd), wasted away, longed.
pinˈ
ion (pĭnˈ
yŭn), wing.
pinˈ
nace (pĭnˈ
a᷵s), a small sailing vessel.
pinˈ
na-cle (pĭnˈ
ȧ-k’l), highest point.
pˈ
ints, dialect for points.
piˌ
o-neerˈ(pīˌ
ō-nērˈ), one who goes before, as into the wilderness,
preparing the way for others to follow.
pipe the merry old strain, sing the merry old song.
pipˈ
er (pīpˈ
ẽr), a very large genus of plants, to which the tropical
pepper belongs.
piqued (pēkt), prided.
pitches (pĭchˈ
ĕz), points, peaks.
pitch of pride, height of pride, overbearance.
plaˈ
ca-ble (plāˈ
kȧ-b’l), willing to forgive.
placˈ
id (plăsˈ
ĭd), quiet.
plaidˈ
ed mountaineers (plădˈ ĕd mounˈ tĭn-ērz), Highlanders wearing
the tartans or plaids of their clan.
plainˈ
tive (plānˈ
tĭv), sorrowful, melancholy.
planˈ
et-presˈ
sing ocean, the ocean pressing upon the planet earth.
plan-taˈ
tion (plăn-tāˈ
shŭn), land planted, an estate, usually large.
plantˈ
er (plănˈ tẽr), one who plants or sows, one who owns or
cultivates a plantation.
plasˈ
tic (plăsˈ
tĭk), pertaining to molding or modeling.
pla-teauˈ(plȧ-tōˈ
), a broad, level, elevated area of land.
platˈ
formˌ(plătˈ
fôrmˌ
), plan, basis.
platˈ
i-num (plătˈĭ-nŭm), a white metal, more valuable than gold,
used for jewelry and in mechanics.
Platte (plăt), a river in Nebraska.
plausible in perusal (plôˈ
zĭ-b’l in pe᷵-ro̅ o̅ zˈ
ăl), sensible to read.
playˈ
wrightˌ(plāˈ
rītˌ
), a maker of plays, a dramatist.
pliˌ
a-bilˈ
i-ty (plīˌ
ȧ-bĭlˈ
ĭ-tĭ), ready yielding.
plight (plīt), sorry condition.
Po-casˈ
set Neck (pō-căsˈ
ĕt).
poet lauˈ
re-ate (lôˈ
re᷵-a᷵t), a poet appointed to the office of
laureate, the most honored poet of the land, in England, the
court poet.
poignˈ
ant (poinˈ
ănt), keen, severe.
Poˌ
ka-nokˈ
et (pōˌ
kȧ-nŏkˈ
ĕt).
poˈ
lar bear (pōˈ
lȧr bâr), a large bear inhabiting the Arctic regions.
po-litˈi-cal ex-isˈ
ten-ces (pō-lĭtˈ
ĭ-kăl ĕks-ĭsˈ
tĕn-sĭz), governmental
life.
polˌ
i-tiˈ
cian (pŏlˌ
ĭ-tĭshˈ
ăn), a statesman, one interested in politics.
polˈ
i-tics (pŏlˈ
ĭ-tĭks), the science and art of government.
pol-luteˈ(pŏ-lūtˈ
), to soil, defile.
pol-luˈ
tion (pŏ-lūˈ
shŭn), uncleanness, impurity.
pome-granˈate (pŏm-grănˈ
a᷵t), a fruit like an orange in size and
color.
pomˈ
mel (pŭmˈ
ĕl), the knob at the front of a saddle.
pomp (pŏmp), brilliant display.
ponˈ
der-ous (pŏnˈ
dẽr-ŭs), heavy, weighty.
popˈ
ish (pōpˈ
ĭsh), pertaining to the Pope.
Popˈ
lar (pŏpˈ
lär), a district in the east end of London, where there
are many docks; among others, that of the famous East India
Company.
popˈ
py (pŏpˈ
ĭ), a flower, usually red, the symbol of sleep.
popˈ
u-lar o-pinˈ
ion (pŏpˈ
u᷵-lȧr ō-pĭnˈ
yŭn), belief of the public in
general.
popˈ
u-lous (pŏpˈ
u᷵-lŭs), containing many inhabitants.
porˈ
tal (pōrˈ
tăl), entrance.
por-tendˈ(pŏr-tĕndˈ
), foretell.
por-tenˈ
tous (pŏr-tĕnˈ
tŭs), foreshadowing.
porˈ
ter (pōrˈ
tẽr), gate keeper.
porˈ
ti-co (pōrˈ
tĭ-kō), a colonnade, a covered space before a building.
pos-sesˈ
sion (pŏ-zĕshˈ
ŭn), ownership.
pos-terˈ
i-ty (pŏs-tẽrˈ
ĭ-tĭ), descendants.
posˈ
tern-gate (pōsˈ
tẽrn-gāt), rear gate.
posˈ
ture (pŏsˈ
tu᷵r), attitude, position.
poˈ
tent (pōˈ
tĕnt), strong, powerful.
poˈ
ten-tate (pōˈ
tĕn-tāt), ruler.
powˈ
wowˈ(pouˈ
wouˈ
), medicine man.
pracˈ
ticed (prăkˈ
tĭst), skillful.
prayed him for sucˈ
cor (sŭkˈ
ẽr), begged him for aid.
pre-caˈ
ri-ous (pre᷵-kāˈ
rī-ŭs), not to be depended on, dangerous.
pre-cauˈ
tion (pre᷵-kôˈ
shŭn), previous care.
preˈ
cept (prēˈ
sĕpt), order.
pre-cepˈ
tor (pre᷵-sĕpˈ
tẽr), ruler, master.
precˈ
ious (prĕshˈ
ŭs), valuable.
pre-cipˈ
i-tate (pre᷵-sĭpˈ
ĭ-tāt), throw headlong, rush; fall suddenly.
pre-cipˈ
i-tous (pre᷵-sĭpˈ
ĭ-tŭs), steep.
pre-cipˈ
i-tous de-scentsˈ(pre᷵-sĭpˈ
ĭ-tŭs de᷵-sĕnts), waterfalls.
pre-ciseˈ(pre᷵-sīsˈ
), minutely exact.
preˌ
con-ceivedˈ(prēˌ
kŏn-sēv’dˈ
), formed in the mind beforehand.
pre-domˈ
i-nate (pre᷵-dŏmˈ
ĭ-nāt), to rule.
preface (prĕfˈ
ās), introduction.
prejˈ
u-diced (prĕjˈ
o͡ o-dĭst), biased.
prelˈ
a-cy (prĕlˈ
ȧ-sĭ), a body of church dignitaries.
prelˈ
ate (prĕlˈ
a᷵t), a church dignitary.
preˌ
ma-tureˈ
ly (prēˌ
mȧ-tūrˈ
-lĭ), untimely.
preˈ
mi-um (prēˈ
mĭ-ŭm), reward.
preˌ
mo-niˈ
tion (prēˌ
mō-nĭshˈ
ŭn), forewarning.
pre-posˈ
ter-ous (pre᷵-pŏsˈ
tẽr-ŭs), ridiculous, unheard of.
presˈ
age (prēˈ
sa᷵j), sign, token.
pre-senˈ
ti-ment (prē-sĕnˈ
tĭ-mĕnt), a feeling of something about to
happen.
presˈ
er-vaˈ
tion (pre᷵-zûr-vāˈ
shŭn), being saved from destruction.
press (prĕs), throng.
pre-sumedˈupon in-dulˈ gence (prē-zumedˈupon ĭn-dūlˈ
jĕns), took
advantage of the tolerance of the Indians.
pre-sumˈ ing (pre᷵-zūmˈ
ĭng), undertaking without authority, daring,
venturing.
pre-sumpˈ
tu-ous (pre᷵-zŭmpˈ
tu᷵-ŭs), rash, arrogant.
pre-tendˈ
er (pre᷵-tĕndˈ
ẽr), false claimant.
pre-tenˈ
tion (pre᷵-tĕnˈ
shŭn), claim.
preˌ
ter-natˈ
u-ral (prĕtˌ
ẽr-nătˈ
u᷵-răl), beyond what is natural,
abnormal.
pre-vail (pre᷵-vālˈ
), persuade, overcome.
pre-vailˈ
ing (pre᷵-vālˈ
ĭng), most common, predominant.
prevˈ
a-lence (prĕvˈ
ȧ-lĕns), general existence.
prey (prā), any animal that may be seized by another to be
devoured.
prickˈ
ing (prĭkˈ
ĭng), stinging.
prickˈ
ly-pear (prĭkˈ
lĭ-pâr), a flat-jointed, sharp-pointed cactus having
pear-shaped fruit.
priˈ
ma-cy (prīˈ
mȧ-sĭ), first rank.
pri-meˈ
val (prī-mēˈ
văl), first, original.
primˈ
i-tive (prĭmˈ
ĭ-tĭv), first, original.
prince of bragˈ
garts (prĭns of brăgˈ
ȧrts), chief of boasters.
Prince of Orange, William III of England.
Princeton University (prĭnsˈ
tŏn ū-nĭ-vẽrˈ
sĭ-tĭ), at Princeton, New
Jersey.
pri-va-cy (prīˈ
vȧ-sĭ), seclusion.
procˈ
la-maˌ
tion (prŏkˈ
lȧ-māˌ
shŭn), notice.
prodˈ
i-gal (prŏdˈ
ĭ-găl), spendthrift.
pro-diˈ
gious (prō-dĭjˈ
ŭs), extraordinary in degree, huge.
pro-diˈ
gious apˈ pa-riˌ
tion (prō-dĭjˈ
ŭs ăpˈ
-ȧ-rĭshˌ
ŭn), marvelous
appearance.
prodˈ
uce (prŏdˈ
ūs), yield, result.
pro-fanedˈ(prō-fāndˈ
), abused, debased.
pro-fesˈ
sion (prō-fĕshˈ
ŭn), acknowledgment, claim, promise.
pro-fesˈ
sion-al (prō-fĕshˈ
ŭn-ăl), regular, expert.
profˈ
fer (prŏfˈ
ẽr), offer.
projˈ
ect (prŏjˈ
ĕkt), plan.
promˈ
on-to-ry (prŏmˈ
ŭn-tō-rĭ), high point of land projecting into the
sea.
prone (prōn), disposed, inclined.
proneˈ
ness to sus-piˈ
cion (prōnˈ
nĕs to sŭs-pĭshˈ
ŭn), inclination to
distrust.
pro-penˈ
si-ty (prō-pĕnˈ
sĭ-tĭ), inclination, habit.
prophˈ
e-cy (prŏfˈ
e᷵-sĭ), a foretelling.
prophˈ
et (prŏfˈ
ĕt), one who foretells.
pro-porˈ
tion-ate (prō-pōrˈ
shŭn-āt), at the same rate.
pro-porˈ
tioned (prō-pōrˈ
shŭnd), corresponding, suited.
pro-priˈ
e-ty (prō-prīˈ
e᷵-tĭ), fitness.
prosˈ
pect (prŏsˈ
pĕkt), outlook, position, hope.
prosˈ
per-ous gales, favorable-winds.
pro temˈ
po-re (prō tĕmˈ
pō-rē), for the time being, temporarily.
pro-testˈ
ing (prō-tĕstˈ
ĭng), declaring, proclaiming.
Provˈ
i-dence (prŏvˈ
ĭ-dĕns), God.
provˈi-denˌtial-ly (prŏvˈ
ĭ-dĕnˌ
shăl-lĭ), guided by Providence; with
foresight.
pro-vinˈ
cial (prō-vĭnˈ
shăl), narrow, not liberal.
provˈ
o-caˈ
tion (prŏvˈ
ō-kāˈ
shŭn), cause of resentment.
prowˈ
ess (prouˈ
ĕs), skill.
pruˈ
dence (pro̅ o̅ ˈ
dĕns), judgment.
pruˈ
dence dicˈ
tates (pro̅ o̅ ˈ
dĕns dĭkˈ
tāts), reason advises.
pruˈ
dent (pro̅ o̅ ˈ
dĕnt), wise, careful.
psalmˈ
o-dy (sämˈ
ō-dĭ), art of singing psalms.
pubˈ
lic measˈ ures (pŭbˈ
lĭk mĕzhˈ
u᷵rz), action taken by the colonists
together.
puˈ
is-sant (pūˈ
ĭ-sănt), powerful.
pull up, stop.
pul-saˈ
tion (pŭl-sāˈ
shŭn), a beating or throbbing.
pumpˈ
kin (pŭmpˈ
kĭn).
puncˈ
tu-al-ly (pŭnkˈ
tu᷵ˈ
ăl-ĭ), exactly, precisely.
pur-blindˈprank (pŭr-blīndˈ
), careless act.
purˈ
port (pûrˈ
pōrt), meaning.
put his person in adventure, endangered himself.
quaffed (kwȧft), drank.
quagˈ
mires (kwăgˈ
mīrz), soft, wet lands which yield under the feet.
quail (kwāl), to give way, tremble.
Quakˈ
er (kwākˈ
ẽr), one of a religious sect; gray-clothed.
qualˈ
i-ties (kwŏlˈ
ĭ-tĭz), distinguishing features or traits.
quarˈ
ry (qwŏrˈrĭ), a place where marble is dug from the earth; the
object of the chase or hunt.
quarˈ
ter (kwôrˈ
tẽr), after part of a ship’s side; mercy.
quarˈ
ter-ing to me (kwôrˈ
tẽr-ĭng), ranging to and fro towards me.
quaˈ
ver (kwāˈ
vẽr), certain musical shakes or trills.
Queen of Sheˈ
ba (shēˈ
bȧ), a famous queen of old. I Kings X, 1-13.
quench (kwĕnch), check, destroy.
querˈ
u-lous (kwĕrˈ
o͡ ob-lŭs), complaining.
queued (kūd), plaited into pigtails.
quinˈ
tal (kwĭnˈ
tăl), a hundred weight.
quivˈ
er (kwĭvˈ
ẽr), a case for arrows.
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