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 Practical
Data Science with
Jupyter

Explore Data Cleaning, Pre-processing,

Data Wrangling, Feature Engineering and
Machine Learning using Python and Jupyter

Prateek Gupta

www.bpbonline.com
FIRST EDITION 2019

SECOND EDITION 2021

Copyright © BPB Publications, India

ISBN: 978-93-89898-064

All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any
means or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the
prior written permission of the publisher with the exception to the
program listings which may be entered, stored and executed in a
computer system, but they can not be reproduced by the means
of publication, photocopy, recording, or by any electronic and
mechanical means.

LIMITS OF LIABILITY AND DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY

The information contained in this book is true to correct and the

best of author’s and publisher’s knowledge. The author has made
every effort to ensure the accuracy of these publications, but
publisher cannot be held responsible for any loss or damage
arising from any information in this book.

All trademarks referred to in the book are acknowledged as

properties of their respective owners but BPB Publications cannot
guarantee the accuracy of this information.
Distributors:

BPB PUBLICATIONS

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 Dedicated to

All Aspiring Data Scientists

Who have chosen to solve this world’s problem with data

 About the Author

Prateek Gupta is a seasoned Data Science professional with nine

years of experience in finding patterns, applying advanced
statistical methods and algorithms to uncover hidden insights. His
data-driven solutions maximize revenue, profitability, and ensure
efficient operations management. He has worked with several
multinational IT giants like HCL, Zensar, and Sapient.

He is a self-starter and committed data enthusiast with expertise

in fishing, winery, and e-commerce domain. He has helped various
clients with his machine learning expertise in automatic product
categorization, sentiment analysis, customer segmentation, product
recommendation engine, and object detection and recognition
models. He is a firm believer in “Hard work triumphs talent when
talent doesn’t work hard”.

His keen area of interest is in the areas of cutting-edge research

papers on machine learning and applications of natural language
processing with computer vision techniques. In his leisure time,
he enjoys sharing knowledge through his blog and motivates
young minds to enter the exciting world of Data Science.

His Blog: http://dsbyprateekg.blogspot.com/

His LinkedIn Profile: www.linkedin.com/in/prateek-gupta-64203354

 Acknowledgement

I would like to thank some of the brilliant knowledge sharing

minds - Jason Brownlee Ph.D., Adrian Rosebrock, Ph.D., and
Andrew Ng, from whom I have learned and am still learning
many concepts. I would also like to thank open data science
community, Kaggle and various data science bloggers for making
data science and machine learning knowledge available to
everyone.

I would also like to express my gratitude to almighty God, my

parents, my wife Pragya, and my brother Anubhav, for being
incredibly supportive throughout my life and for the writing of this
book.

Finally, I would like to thank the entire BPB publications team,

who made this book possible. Many thanks to Manish Jain, Nrip
Jain, and Varun Jain for giving me the opportunity to write my
second book.
 Preface

Today, Data Science has become an indispensable part of every

organization, for which employers are willing to pay top dollars to
hire skilled professionals. Due to the rapidly changing needs of
industry, data continues to grow and evolve, thereby increasing the
demand for data scientists. However, the questions that
continuously haunt every company – are there enough highly-
skilled individuals who can analyze how much data will be
available, where it will come from, and what the advancement are
in analytical techniques to serve them more significant insights? If
you have picked up this book, you must have already come
across these topics through talks or blogs from several experts
and leaders in the industry.

To become an expert in any field, everyone must start from a

point to learn. This book is designed with keeping such
perspective in mind, to serve as your starting point in the field of
data science. When I started my career in this field, I had little
luck finding a compact guide that I could use to learn concepts
of data science, practice examples, and revise them when faced
with similar problems at hand. I soon realized Data Science is a
very vast domain, and having all the knowledge in a small version
of a book is highly impossible. Therefore, I decided I accumulate
my experience in the form of this book, where you’ll gain
essential knowledge and skill set required to become a data
scientist, without wasting your valuable time finding material
scattered across the internet.
I planned the chapters of this book in a chained form. In the first
chapter, you will be made familiar with the data and the new data
science skills set. The second chapter is all about setting up tools
for the trade with the help of which you can practice the
examples discussed in the book. In chapters three to six, you will
learn all types of data structures in Python, which you will use in
your day-to-day data science projects. In 7th chapter you will lean
how to interact with different databases with Python. The eighth-
chapter of this book will teach you the most used statistical
concepts in data analysis. By the ninth chapter, you will be all set
to start your journey of becoming a data scientist by learning how
to read, load, and understand different types of data in Jupyter
notebook for analysis. The tenth and eleventh chapters will guide
you through different data cleaning and visualizing techniques.

From the twelfth chapter onwards, you will have to combine

knowledge acquired from previous chapters to do data pre-
processing of real-world use-cases. In chapters thirteen and
fourteen, you will learn supervised and unsupervised machine
learning problems and how to solve them. Chapters fifteen and
sixteen will cover time series data and will teach you how to
handle them. After covering the key concepts, I have included four
different case studies, where you will apply all the knowledge
acquired and practice solving real-world problems. The last three
chapters of this book will make you industry-ready data scientists.
Using best practices while structuring your project and use of
GitHub repository along with your Data Science concepts will not
make you feel naive, while working with other software engineering
team.
The book you are holding is my humble effort to not only cover
fundamentals of Data Science using Python, but also save your
time by focusing on minimum theory + more practical examples.
These practical examples include real-world datasets and real
problems, which will make you confident in tackling similar or
related data problems. I hope you find this book valuable, and
that it enables you to extend your data science knowledge as a
practitioner in a short time.
 Downloading the coloured images:

Please follow the link to download the

Coloured Images of the book:

https://rebrand.ly/75823

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 Table of Contents

1. Data Science Fundamentals

Structure
Objective
What is data?
Structured data
Unstructured data
Semi-structured data
What is data science?
What does a data scientist do?
Real-world use cases of data science
Why Python for data science?
Conclusion

2. Installing Software and System Setup

Structure
Objective
System requirements
Downloading Anaconda
Installing the Anaconda on Windows
Installing the Anaconda in Linux
How to install a new Python library in Anaconda?
Open your notebook – Jupyter
Know your notebook
Conclusion

3. Lists and Dictionaries

Structure
Objective
What is a list?

How to create a list?

Different list manipulation operations
Difference between Lists and Tuples
What is a Dictionary?
How to create a dictionary?
Some operations with dictionary
Conclusion

4. Package, Function, and Loop

Structure
Objective
The help() function in Python
How to import a Python package?
How to create and call a function?
Passing parameter in a function
Default parameter in a function
How to use unknown parameters in a function?
A global and local variable in a function
What is a Lambda function?
Understanding main in Python
while and for loop in Python
Conclusion

5. NumPy Foundation
Structure
Objective
Importing a NumPy package
Why use NumPy array over list?
NumPy array attributes
Creating NumPy arrays

Accessing an element of a NumPy array

Slicing in NumPy array
Array concatenation
Conclusion

6. Pandas and DataFrame

Structure
Objective
Importing Pandas
Pandas data structures
Series
DataFrame
.loc[] and .iloc[]
Some Useful DataFrame Functions
Handling missing values in DataFrame
Conclusion

7. Interacting with Databases

Structure
Objective
What is SQLAlchemy?
Installing SQLAlchemy package
How to use SQLAlchemy?
SQLAlchemy engine configuration
Creating a table in a database
Inserting data in a table
Update a record
How to join two tables
Inner join
Left join

Right join
Conclusion

8. Thinking Statistically in Data Science

Structure
Objective
Statistics in data science
Types of statistical data/variables
Mean, median, and mode
Basics of probability
Statistical distributions
Poisson distribution
Binomial distribution
Normal distribution
Pearson correlation coefficient
Probability Density Function (PDF)
Real-world example
Statistical inference and hypothesis testing
Conclusion

9. How to Import Data in Python?

Structure
Objective
Importing text data
Importing CSV data
Importing Excel data
Importing JSON data
Importing pickled data
Importing a compressed data
Conclusion

10. Cleaning of Imported Data

Structure
Objective
Know your data
Analyzing missing values
Dropping missing values
Automatically fill missing values
How to scale and normalize data?
How to parse dates?
How to apply character encoding?
Cleaning inconsistent data
Conclusion

11. Data Visualization

Structure
Objective
Bar chart
Line chart
Histograms
Scatter plot
Stacked plot
Box plot
Conclusion

12. Data Pre-processing

Structure
Objective
About the case-study
Importing the dataset
Exploratory data analysis

Data cleaning and pre-processing

Feature Engineering
Conclusion

13. Supervised Machine Learning

Structure
Objective
Some common ML terms
Introduction to machine learning (ML)
Supervised learning
Unsupervised learning
Semi-supervised learning
Reinforcement learning
List of common ML algorithms
Supervised ML fundamentals
Logistic Regression
Decision Tree Classifier
K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier
Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)
Gaussian Naive Bayes Classifier
Support Vector Classifier
Solving a classification ML problem
About the dataset
Attribute information
Why train/test split and cross-validation?
Solving a regression ML problem
How to tune your ML model?
How to handle categorical variables in sklearn?
The advanced technique to handle missing data
Conclusion

14. Unsupervised Machine Learning

Structure
Objective
Why unsupervised learning?
Unsupervised learning techniques
Clustering
K-mean clustering
Hierarchical clustering
t-SNE
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Case study
Validation of unsupervised ML
Conclusion

15. Handling Time-Series Data

Structure
Objective
Why time-series is important?
How to handle date and time?
Transforming a time-series data
Manipulating a time-series data
Comparing time-series growth rates
How to change time-series frequency?
Conclusion

16. Time-Series Methods

Structure
Objective
What is time-series forecasting?
Basic steps in forecasting

Time-series forecasting techniques

Autoregression (AR)
Moving Average (MA)
Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA)
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)
Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving-Average (SARIMA)
Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving-Average with Exogenous
Regressors (SARIMAX)
Vector Autoregression Moving-Average (VARMA)
Holt Winter’s Exponential Smoothing (HWES)
Forecast future traffic to a web page
Conclusion

17. Case Study-1

Predict whether or not an applicant will be able to repay a loan
Conclusion

18. Case Study-2

Build a prediction model that will accurately classify which text
messages are spam
Conclusion

19. Case Study-3

Build a film recommendation engine
Conclusion

20. Case Study-4

Predict house sales in King County, Washington State, USA, using
regression

Conclusion

21. Python Virtual Environment

Structure
Objective
What is a Python virtual environment?
How to create and activate a virtual environment?
How to open Jupyter notebook with this new environment?
How to set an activated virtual environment in PyCharm IDE?
What is requirements.txt file?
What is README.md file?
Upload your project in GitHub
Conclusion

22. Introduction to An Advanced Algorithm - CatBoost

Structure
Objective
What is a Gradient Boosting algorithm?
Introduction to CatBoost
Install CatBoost in Python virtual environment
How to solve a classification problem with CatBoost?
Push your notebook in your GitHub repository
Conclusion

23. Revision of All Chapters’ Learning

Conclusion

Index
 CHAPTER 1

Data Science Fundamentals

“Learning from data is virtually universally useful. Master it and

you will be welcomed anywhere.”

– John Elder, founder of the Elder Research

Elder Research is America’s largest and most experienced analytics

consultancy. With his vision about data, John started his company
in 1995, yet the importance of finding information from the data
is a niche and the most demanding skill of the 21st century.
Today data science is everywhere.

The explosive growth of the digital world requires professionals

with not just strong skills, but also adaptability and a passion for
staying on the forefront of technology. A recent study shows that
demand for data scientists and analysts is projected to grow by
28 percent by 2021. This is on top of the current market need.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, growth for data
science jobs skills will grow about 28% through 2026. Unless
something changes, these skill-gaps will continue to widen. In this
first chapter, you will learn how to be familiar with data, your role
as an aspiring data scientist, and the importance of Python
programming language in data science.
Structure

What is data?

What is data science?

What does a data scientist do?

Real-world use cases of data science

Why Python for data science?

Objective

After studying this chapter, you should be able to understand the

data types, the amount of the data generated daily, and the need
for data scientists with currently available real-world use cases.
What is data?

The best way to describe data is to understand the types of data.

Data is divided into the following three categories.
Structured data

A well-organized data in the form of tables that can be easily be

operated is known as structured data. Searching and accessing
information from such type of data is very easy. For example, data
stored in the relational database, i.e., SQL in the form of tables
having multiple rows and columns. The spreadsheet is another
good example of structured data. Structured data represent only
5% to 10% of all data present in the world. The following figure
1.1 is an example of SQL data, where an SQL table is holding the
merchant related data:

Figure 1.1: Sample SQL Data

Unstructured data

Unstructured data requires advanced tools and software’s to access

information. For example, images and graphics, PDF files, word
document, audio, video, emails, PowerPoint presentations,
webpages and web contents, wikis, streaming data, location
coordinates, etc., fall under the unstructured data category.
Unstructured data represent around 80% of the data. The
following figure 1.2 shows various unstructured data types:

Figure 1.2: Unstructured data types

Semi-structured data

Semi-structured data is structured data that is unorganized. Web

data such as JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) files, BibTex files,
CSV files, tab-delimited text files, XML, and other markup
languages are examples of semi-structured data found on the web.
Semi-structured data represent only 5% to 10% of all data present
in the world. The following figure 1.3 shows an example of JSON
data:

Figure 1.3: JSON data

What is data science?

It’s become a universal truth that modern businesses are awash

with data. Last year, McKinsey estimated that Big Data initiatives
in the US healthcare system could account for $300 billion to $450
billion in reduced healthcare spending or 12-17 percent of the $2.6
trillion baselines in US healthcare costs. On the other hand though,
bad or unstructured data is estimated to be costing the US
roughly $3.1 trillion a year.

Data-driven decision making is increasing in popularity. Accessing

and finding information from the unstructured data is complex
and cannot be done easily with some BI tools; here data science
comes into the picture.

Data science is a field that extracts the knowledge and insights

from the raw data. To do so, it uses mathematics, statistics,
computer science, and programming language knowledge. A
person who has all these skills is known as a data scientist. A
data scientist is all about being curious, self-driven, and
passionate about finding answers. The following figure 1.4 shows
the skills that a modern data scientist should have:
Figure 1.4: Skills of a modern data scientist
What does a data scientist do?

Most data scientists in the industry have advanced training in

statistics, math, and computer science. Their experience is a vast
horizon that also extends to data visualization, data mining, and
information management. The primary job of a data scientist is to
ask the right question. It’s about surfacing hidden insight that can
help enable companies to make smarter business decisions.

The job of a data scientist is not bound to a particular domain.

Apart from scientific research, they are working in various domains
including shipping, healthcare, e-commerce, aviation, finance,
education, etc. They start their work by understanding the
business problem and then they proceed with data collection,
reading the data, transforming the data in the required format,
visualizing, modeling, and evaluating the model and then
deployment. You can imagine their work cycle as mentioned in the
following figure

Figure 1.5: Work cycle of a data scientist

Eighty percent of a data scientist’s time is spent in simply finding,
cleansing, and organizing data, leaving only 20 percent to perform
analysis. These processes can be time-consuming and tedious. But
it’s crucial to get them right since a model is only as good as
the data that is used to build it. And because models generally
improve as they are exposed to increasing amounts of data, it’s in
the data scientists’ interests to include as much data as they can
in their analysis.

In the later chapters of this book, you will learn all the above-
required skills to be a data scientist.
Real-world use cases of data science

Information is the oil of the 21st century, and analytics is the

combustion engine. Whether you are uploading a picture on
Facebook, posting a tweet, emailing anybody, or shopping in an e-
commerce site, the role of data science is everywhere. In the
modern workplace, data science is applied to many problems to
predict and calculate outcomes that would have taken several
times more human hours to process. Following are some list of
real-world examples where data scientists are playing a key role:

Google’s AI research arm is taking the help of data scientists to

build the best performing algorithm for automatically detecting
objects.

Amazon has built a product recommendation system to

personalize their product.

Santander Group of Bank has built a model with the help of data
scientists to identify the value of transactions for each potential
customer.

Airbus in the maritime industry is taking the help of data

scientists to build a model that detects all ships in satellite
images as quickly as possible to increase knowledge, anticipate
threats, trigger alerts, and improve efficiency at sea.
YouTube is using an automated video classification model in
limited memory.

Data scientists at the Chinese internet giant Baidu released details

of a new deep learning algorithm that they claim can help
pathologists identify tumors more accurately.

The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA®) is using an

algorithm to detect a visual signal for pneumonia in medical
images which automatically locate lung opacities on chest
radiographs.

The Inter-American Development Bank is using an algorithm that

considers a family’s observable household attributes like the
material of their walls and ceiling, or the assets found in the
home to classify them and predict their level of need.

Netflix data uses data science skills on the movie viewing patterns
to understand what drives user interest and uses that to make
decisions on which Netflix original series to produce.
Why Python for data science?

Python is very beginner friendly. The syntax (words and structure)

is extremely simple to read and follow, most of which can be
understood even if you do not know any programming. Python is
a multi-paradigm programming language – a sort of Swiss Army
knife for the coding world. It supports object-oriented
programming, structured programming, and functional
programming patterns, among others. There’s a joke in the Python
community that Python is generally the second-best language for
everything.

Python is a free, open-source software, and consequently, anyone

can write a library package to extend its functionality. Data science
has been an early beneficiary of these extensions, particularly
Pandas, the big daddy of them all.

Python’s inherent readability and simplicity makes it relatively easy

to pick up, and the number of dedicated analytical libraries
available today means that data scientists in almost every sector
will find packages already tailored to their needs, freely available
for download.

The following survey was done by KDnuggets – a leading site on

business analytics, Big Data, data mining, data science, and
machine learning – clearly shows that Python is a preferable
choice for data science/machine learning:
Figure 1.6: Survey by KDnuggets
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
He who flatters women most pleases them best, and they are
most in love with him whom they think is most in love with
them.
Chesterfield.

Suitors of a wealthy girl seldom seek for proof of her past

virtue.
Anonymous.

Imperious Venus is less potent than caressing Venus.

Anonymous.

The clown knows very well that the women are not in love with
him, but with Hamlet, the fellow in the black cloak and plumed
hat.
Holmes.

Do you not know I am a woman? When I think, I must speak.

Shakespeare.

Women, asses, and nuts require strong hands.

 Italian Proverb.

Woman sends forth her sympathies on adventure. She embarks

her whole soul in the traffic of affection; and if shipwrecked, her
case is hopeless.
Washington Irving.

A woman is sometimes fugitive, irrational, indeterminable,

illogical and contradictory. A great deal of forbearance ought to
be shown her.
Amiel.

What a strange illusion it is to suppose that beauty is goodness!

A beautiful woman utters absurdities: we listen, and we hear
not the absurdities but wise thoughts.
Tolstoi.

A woman cannot guarantee her heart, even though her husband

be the greatest and most perfect of men.
George Sand.
It is born in maidens that they should wish to please everything
that has eyes.
Gleim.

The woman who throws herself at a man’s head will soon find
her place at his feet.
Desnoyers.

Women and wine, game and deceit, make the wealth small and
the wants great.
Proverb.

I confess I like the quality ladies better than the common kind
even of literary ones.
Holmes.

Women sometimes deceive the lover—never the friend.

Mercier.

You see in no place of conversation the perfection of speech so

much as in accomplished women.
 Steele.

A fan is indispensable to a woman who can no longer blush.

Anonymous.

When a wrong idea possesses a woman, much bitterness flows

from her tongue.
Euripides.

Marriage communicates to women the vices of men, but never

their virtues.
Fourier.

In love, the confidant of a woman’s sorrow often becomes the

consoler of it.
Anonymous.

A royal court without women is like a year without spring, a

spring without flowers.
Francis I. of France.
A woman full of faith in the one she loves is but a novelist’s
fancy.
Balzac.

O Pygmalion, who can wonder (no artist surely) that thou didst
fall in love with the work of thine own hands.
Leigh Hunt.

The mistakes of a woman result almost always from her faith in

the good and her confidence in the truth.
Balzac.

Let an action be never so trivial in itself, women always make it

appear of the most importance.
Pope.

There are only two beautiful things in the world—women and

roses; and only two sweet things—women and melons.
Malherbe.
Before promising a woman to love only her, one should have
seen them all, or should see only her.
Dupuy.

Many young girls have a strange audacity blended with their

instinctive delicacy.
Holmes.

Friendship that begins between a man and a woman will soon

change its name.
Anonymous.

The happiest women, like the happiest nations, have no history.

George Eliot.

Women are formed by nature to feel some consolation in

present troubles, by having them always in their mouth and on
their tongue.
Euripides.
Women give entirely to their affections, set their whole fortunes
on the die, lose themselves eagerly in the glory of their
husbands and children.
Emerson.

We ask four things for a woman—that virtue dwell in her heart,

modesty in her forehead, sweetness in her mouth, and labour in
her hands.
Chinese Proverb.

In all ill-matched marriages, the fault is less the woman’s than

the man’s, as the choice depended on her the least.
Mme. de Rieux.

Love lessens the woman’s refinement and strengthens the

man’s.
Richter.

Who takes an eel by the tail, or a woman at her word, soon

finds he holds nothing.
Proverb.
Homeliness is the best guardian of a young girl’s virtue.
Mme. de Genlis.

In condemning the vanity of women, men complain of the fire

they themselves have kindled.
Lingrée.

A prude ought to be condemned to meet only indiscreet lovers.

Raisson.

Women always speak the truth, but not the whole truth.
Italian Proverb.

If all women’s faces were cast in the same mould, that mould
would be the grave of love.
Bichat.

What colour would it not have given to my thoughts, and what

thrice-washed whiteness to my words, had I been fed on
woman’s praises.
 Holmes.

One may see the heart of women through the rents which one
may make in their self-love.
Anonymous.

Women and music should never be dated.

Goldsmith.

Men never are consoled for their first love, nor women for their
last.
Weiss.

A timorous woman often drops into her grave before she is

done deliberating.
Addison.

It is much worse to irritate an old woman than a dog.

Menander.
There are women so hard to please that it seems as if nothing
less than an angel will suit them; hence it comes that they often
meet with devils.
Marguerite de Valois.

Woman is a charming creature, who changes her heart as easily

as her gloves.
Balzac.

Women go further in love than most men, but men go further in

friendship than women.
La Bruyère.

Woman’s function is a guiding, not a determining one.

Ruskin.

At first woman fosters our dearest hopes with the affection of a

mother; then, like a giddy hen she forsakes the nest.
Goethe.

A girl of sixteen accepts love; a woman of thirty incites it.

 Ricard.

A woman who loves, however erring, can never be entirely

selfish, for love has a humanising influence, and a true passion
renders any self-sacrifice easy.
Peabody.

A secret passion defends the heart of a woman better than her

moral sense.
De La Bretonne.

Women’s hearts are made of stout leather; there’s a plaguey

sight of wear in them.
Haliburton.

A woman who pretends to laugh at love is like the child who

sings at night when he is afraid.
Rousseau.

Woman among savages is a beast of burden; in Asia she is a

piece of furniture; in Europe she is a spoiled child.
 De Meilhan.

Women that are least bashful are not infrequently the most
modest.
Colton.

True feeling is a rustic vulgarity the flirt does not tolerate; she
counts its healthiest and most honest manifestation all
sentiment.
Mitchell.

Shakespeare has no heroes, he has only heroines.

Ruskin.

Some men are different; all women are alike.

Delvau.

The empire of woman is an empire of sweetness, skilfulness and

attractiveness; her orders are caresses, her evils are tears.
Rousseau.
Women need not be beautiful every day of their lives; it is
sufficient that they have moments which one does not forget,
and the return of which one expects.
Cherbuliez.

There are some lips from which even the proudest women love
to hear the censure which appears to disprove indifference.
Lytton.

It is in the nature of the feminine sex to seek here below to

corrupt men, and therefore wise men never abandon
themselves to the seductions of women.
Laws of Manu.

Would that the race of women had never existed—except for

me alone!
Euripides.

Fools that on women trust; for in their speech is death, hell in

their smile.
Tasso.
At the age of sixty, to marry a beautiful girl of sixteen is to
imitate those ignorant people who buy books to be read by their
friends.
Ricard.

Women forgive injuries, but never forget slights.

Haliburton.

The virtue of women is often the love of reputation and quiet.

Rochefoucauld.

Woman is the most precious jewel taken from Nature’s casket

for the ornamentation and happiness of man.
Guyard.

Women have such a wonderful power of secreting adjectives

that they cannot speak the truth when they try.
Sheldon.
Women divine that they are loved long before it is told them.
Marivaux.

The nervous fluid in man is consumed by the brain, in woman

by the heart; it is there that they are most sensitive.
Bayle.

There will always remain something to be said of woman, as

long as there is one on the earth.
De Boufflers.

The virtue of widows is a laborious virtue; they have to combat

constantly with the remembrance of past bliss.
Jerome.

A woman whose ruling passion is not vanity is superior to any

man of equal capacity.
Lavater.

Woman’s natural mission is to love, to love but one, to love

always.
 Michelet.

One reason why women are forbidden to preach the gospel is

that they would persuade without argument and reprove
without giving offence.
John Newton.

How little do lovely women know what awful beings they are in
the eyes of inexperienced youth.
Washington Irving.

During their youth women wish to be treated as divinities; they

adore the ideal; they cannot bear the idea of being what Nature
wishes them to be.
Anonymous.

Love is a bird that sings in the heart of a woman.

Karr.

Woman’s happiness is in obeying. She objects to men who

abdicate too much.
 Michelet.

Nature sent woman into the world with the bridal dower of love.
Richter.

The moral amelioration of man constitutes the chief mission of

women.
Comte.

Most ladies who have had what is considered as an education,

have no idea of an education progressive through life.
Foster.

One of the principal occupations of men is to divine women.

Lacretelle.

Men do not always love those they esteem; women, on the

contrary, esteem only those they love.
Dubay.
I will not affirm that women have no character; rather, they
have a new one every day.
Heine.

The only person who can cure one of a woman is that woman
herself.
Anonymous.

Virtue is a beautiful thing in women when they don’t go about

with it like a child with a drum, making all sorts of noise with it.
Jerrold.

Wiles and deceits are woman’s specialities.

Æschylus.

What man seeks in love is woman; what woman seeks in love is

man.
Houssaye.

There is no grace that is taught by the dancing-master, no style

adopted into the etiquette of courts, but was first the whim and
mere action of some brilliant woman.
Emerson.

The conversation of women in society resembles the straw used

in packing china; it is nothing, yet without it, everything would
be broken.
Mme. de Salm.

The woman who does not choose to love should cut the matter
short at once by holding out no hope to her suitor.
Marguerite de Valois.

One single honest man may yet be seen; but wander all the
world round to find one honest woman, he will search in vain.
Wieland.

A woman forgives the audacity which her beauty has prompted

us to be guilty of.
Lesage.
To marry a wife, if we regard the truth, is an evil, but it is a
necessary evil.
Menander.

Nothing is more difficult to choose than a good husband—unless

it be to choose a good wife.
Rousseau.

The rudest man, inspired by love, is more persuasive than the

most eloquent man, if uninspired.
La Rochefoucauld.

One of the sweetest pleasures of a woman is to cause regret.

Gavarni.

Constancy is the chimera of love.

Vauvenargues.

The pretension of youth always gives to a woman a few more

years than she really has.
 Jouy.

I have only one advice to give you—fall in love with all women.
Montmarin.

A beautiful face is the most beautiful of all spectacles.

La Bruyère.

The sweetest harmony is the sound of the voice of the woman

one loves.
La Bruyère.

To marry is to domesticate the Recording Angel!

R. L. Stevenson.

When one writes of woman he must reserve the right to laugh

at his ideas of the day before.
Ricard.
Who hath a fair wife hath need of more than two eyes.
Proverb.

Men bestow compliments only on women who deserve none.

Mme. Bachi.

Woman is more the companion of her own thoughts and

feelings, and if they are turned to ministers of sorrow, where
shall she look for consolation?
Washington Irving.

Vanity, shame and, above all, temperament often makes the

valour of men and the virtue of women.
La Rochefoucauld.

Bachelors are providential beings; God created them for the

consolation of widows and the hope of maids.
De Finod.

As the faculty of writing is chiefly a masculine endowment, the

reproach of making the world miserable has been always
thrown upon the women.
Johnson.

We look at one little woman’s face we love, as we look at the

face of our mother earth, and see all sorts of answers to our
yearnings.
George Eliot.

There are some women who seem cold and beautiful stones,
their hearts icicles, their tears frozen gems pressed out by
injured pride.
Alger.

Position, Wren said, is essential to the perfecting of beauty—a

fine building is lost in a dark lane; a statue should be in the air;
much more true is it of woman.
Emerson.

A woman should never accept a lover without the consent of

her heart, nor a husband without the consent of her judgment.
De Lenclos.
Most women spend their lives in robbing the old tree from which
Eve plucked the first fruit.
Feuillet.

What is it that love does to women? Without it, she only sleeps;
with it alone, she lives.
Ouida.

Female levity is no less fatal to them after marriage than before.

Addison.

The highest dressers, the highest face-painters, are not the

loveliest women, but such as have lost their loveliness, or never
had any.
Leigh Hunt.

The heart of a woman never grows old; when it has ceased to

love it has ceased to live.
Rochepedre.
Neither in adversity nor in the joys of prosperity let me be
associated with woman-kind.
Æschylus.

Women ask if a man is discreet, as men ask if a woman is

pretty.
Anonymous.

It is only the coward who reproaches as a dishonour the love a

woman has cherished for him.
Mme. de Lambert.

There is scarcely a single cause in which a woman is not

engaged in some way fomenting the suit.
Juvenal.

Do not take women from the bedside of those who suffer; it is

their post of honour.
Mme. Fée.
It is lucky for the poets that their mistresses are not obliged to
sit to them. They would never write a line.
Leigh Hunt.

It is easier for a woman to defend her virtue against men than

her reputation against women.
Rochebrune.

Twice is a woman dear—when she comes to the house and

when she leaves it.
Anonymous.

A woman is like your shadow; follow her, she flies; fly from her,
she follows.
Proverb.

Woman is a changeable thing, as our Virgil informed us at

school; but her change par excellence is from the fairy you woo
to the brownie you wed.
Lytton.
How many ways to the heart has a woman?
Channing.

What manly eloquence could produce such an effect as woman’s

silence.
Michelet.

When maidens sue, men live like gods.

Proverb.

I think it takes a great deal from a woman’s modesty, going into

public life; and modesty is her greatest charm.
Mrs Ward Beecher.

The passion for praise, which is so very vehement in the fair

sex, produces excellent effects in women of sense.
Addison.

With women, friendship ends when rivalry begins.

Anonymous.