Convert binary to decimal

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int n;
cin >> n;

int i = 0;
int bin = 0;
int num;

while (n > 0) {
num = n % 10;

if (num == 1) {
bin += pow(2, i);
}

// Update n by removing the last digit

n /= 10;
// Increment i to keep track of the position
i++;
}

cout << bin;

return 0;
}

Convert decimal to binary

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int n;
cin>>n;

vector<int> arr;
 int m=0;

while( n > 0)
{
if(n % 2 == 0)
{
arr.push_back(0);
}
else
arr.push_back(1);

n = n/2;
m++;
}

for(int i=m - 1; i>=0; i--)

cout<<arr[i];

Convert decimal to words

//decimal to words

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

void convert_dec_to_word(string str)

{
string single_digit[]={"zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six",
"seven", "eight", "nine"};
string two_digit[]={"ten", "eleven","twelve",
"thirteen","fourteen","fifteen","sixteen","seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen"};
string tensmultiple[]={"", "",
"twenty","thirty","fourty","fifty","sixty","seventy", "eighty","ninety"};
string tenspower[]={"hundred", "thousand"};

if(str.length() == 0)
{
cout<<"";
return;
 }
else if (str.length() == 1)
{
cout<<single_digit[str[0] - '0']<<endl;
return;
}

int len=str.length();

for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++)

{
if(len > 2){
if(str[i] - '0' != 0)
{
cout<<single_digit[str[i] - '0']<<" ";
cout<<tenspower[len - 3]<<" ";

}
len--;
}
else{

if(str[i] - '0' == 1){

cout<<two_digit[str[i + 1] - '0'];
return;
}
else if(str[i] - '0' != 0){
cout<<tensmultiple[str[i] -'0']<<" ";
if(str[i +1] - '0' != 0){
cout<<single_digit[str[i + 1] - '0'];
return;
}
}
len--;
}
}

int main()
{
string str;
cin>>str;
convert_dec_to_word(str);

return 0;
}

STRINGS

 Input is direct i.e., cin>>str

 Output is via loop
 Defined as string str

1. Palindrome string
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main(){

string str;
cin>>str;

int n = str.length();
int flag = 0;

for(int i=0; i< n/2; i++)

{
if(str[i] != str[n - 1 -i]){
flag = 1;
break;
}
}

if(flag == 1)
cout<<"String is not palindrome";
else
cout<<"String is palindrome";
 }

2. Count Vowels, consonants, spaces

Point of mistakes:
 Getline str instead of cin
 For spaces comparison use ‘ ‘ instead of “ “ .

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main(){

string str;
getline(cin, str);

int n = str.length();

int vowels=0;
int consonants=0;
int space=0;

for(int i=0; i<n; i++)

{
if(str[i] ==' ')
space++;
else if(str[i]=='a' ||str[i]=='e' ||str[i]=='i' ||str[i]=='o' ||str[i]=='u')
vowels++;
else if(str[i]=='A' ||str[i]=='E' ||str[i]=='I' ||str[i]=='O' ||str[i]=='U')
vowels++;
else
consonants++;
}

cout<<"Vowels"<<vowels<<endl;
cout<<"Consonants"<<consonants<<endl;
cout<<"White Spaces"<<space;

}
3. ASCII Value
For single character string
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

void value(char str){

cout<<int(str);

int main(){

char str;
cin>>str;

value(str);
}
For input string
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

void value(string str){

int n = str.length();

for(int i=0; i<n; i++){

cout<<int(str[i]);
}
}

int main(){

string str;
cin>>str;

value(str);
}

4. Remove vowels

 Importance after i-- after replacing is very important in

case two vowels are present consecutively

O(N^2)
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main(){
string str;
getline(cin, str);

int n = str.length();

for(int i=0; i<n; i++){

if(str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'e' ||str[i] == 'i' ||str[i] == 'o' ||str[i] == 'u'
||str[i] == 'A' ||str[i] == 'E' ||str[i] == 'I' ||str[i] == 'O' ||str[i] == 'U'){
for(int j=i; j<n; j++)
{
str[j]=str[j+1];
}
}
}

for(int i=0; i<n; i++)

{
cout<<str[i];
}

O(N)
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

string remove_vowels(string str)

 {
for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++)
{

if(str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'e' ||str[i] == 'i' ||str[i] == 'o' ||str[i] == 'u'
||str[i] == 'A' ||str[i] == 'E' ||str[i] == 'I' ||str[i] == 'O' ||str[i] == 'U')
{
str=str.substr(0, i) + str.substr(i+1);
i--;

}
}

return str;

int main(){

string str;
getline(cin, str);

cout<<remove_vowels(str);

5. Remove spaces
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

string remove_spaces(string str)

{
for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++)
{
if(str[i] == ' ')
{
str = str.substr(0, i) + str.substr(i+1);
i--;
}
 }
return str;
}

int main(){

string str;
getline(cin, str);

cout<<remove_spaces(str);
}

6.Remove spaces
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

string remove_characters(string str)

{
string ans;
for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++)
{
int ascii= (int) str[i];

if((ascii>=65 && ascii<=90) || (ascii>=97 && ascii<=122))

ans.push_back(str[i]);
}

return ans;
}

int main(){

string str;
getline(cin, str);

cout<<remove_characters(str);
}

7.Reverse string
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

string reverse_string(string str)

{
string ans;

for(int i=str.length() - 1; i>=0; i--)

{
ans.push_back(str[i]);
}

return ans;
}

int main(){

string str;
getline(cin, str);

cout<<reverse_string(str);
}

8. Remove brackets
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

string remove_brackets(string str)

{

for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++)

{
if(str[i] == '(' || str[i] == ')'){
str=str.substr(0, i) + str.substr(i + 1);
i--;
}

return str;
}

int main()
{
string str;
getline(cin, str);

cout<<remove_brackets(str);
}

***9. Sum of the numbers in the string

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int string_sum(string str)

{
string temp_sum=" ";
int sum=0;

for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++)

{
if(str[i]>='0' && str[i]<='9')
{
temp_sum+=str[i];
}
else{
sum+=atoi(temp_sum.c_str());
temp_sum=" ";
}
}

return sum + atoi(temp_sum.c_str());

}

int main(){

string str;
getline(cin, str);
 cout<<string_sum(str); // aage krna hai
}

10. Capitalize first and last character of each word

//capitalize ke liye function kaunsa use hota
//first letter change kr dena
//baaki space encounter krna
//aur uske aage and piche ka capitalize kr dena

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

string capitalize_string(string str)

{
int n=str.length();
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
if(i==0){
str[i]=str[i] - 32;
}
else if(i == n - 1){
str[i]=str[i] - 32;
}
else if(str[i] == ' '){
str[i - 1 ]=str[i - 1 ] - 32;
str[i + 1 ]=str[i + 1 ] - 32;
}
}

return str;
}

int main()
{
string str;
getline(cin, str);

cout<<capitalize_string(str);
}
11.