ENGLISH NOTES Q2 ●​ When you write your own

Lesson 5.1 : Writing Citations ideas and opinions

●​ When you state something
●​ Citation that is common knowledge
Is the manner by which the writer
informs his or her readers that ●​ In-text Citations
certain ideas or materials in his or Is an acknowledgement of the
her work came from another source sources you used in writing your
of reference. essay. These are incorporated within
the body of your work.
Importance of Citations
●​ They allow you to give credit ●​ Citation Style
to the original writer(s). States which information is
●​ They show your reader that necessary and how this information
you have done extensive is supposed to be arranged and
research. formatted.
●​ They help guide readers who
wish to do more research on COMMONLY USED CITATION
the subject you have STYLES
broached.​ ●​ APA (American Psychological
Association) - commonly used
When to Use Citations in the fields of education,
●​ When making use of someone psychology, and the sciences
else’s ideas, research, theories,
or data ●​ MLA (Modern Language
●​ When quoting passages, Association) - usually used in
information, or facts the humanities
●​ When paraphrasing from a
source ●​ The Chicago Manual of Style
●​ When including excerpts from - often used in the fields of
an external source business, fine arts, and history.
●​ When lifting entire sentences
or paragraphs from a source In most Philippine schools, the
citation style often used is the APA
You do not need to cite your Style. This style recommends the use
sources if.. of the font style Times New Roman
in the font size 12. The body of the
paper should be double-spaced all one-half inch indented. Remove the
throughout. quotation marks. Type the whole
quotation and use double spacing.
A.​ When paraphrasing an idea
When using a reference with In the parenthetical citation, write
only one author, write the the surname of the author, the year
author’s last name followed of the publication, and the page
by a comma and the year it number.
was published. There should
be inside parentheses at the
end of the paragraph you are
paraphrasing.

Ex. Nature has a healing power that

we only need to unlock (Johnson,
2018).

B. When using direct

quotations
If the quotation is made up of
fewer than 40 words, include
the last name of the author,
year of publication, and page
(proceed by “p”.) in the
parenthetical citation.

Ex.
According to Johnson (2018),
Hosack’s mission is to “unlock the
saving power of nature” through the
scientific study of botany and the
cultivation and use of plant-based
medicines (p. 36)

If the quotation is more than 440

words, use block quotations. Start
the quotation on a new line that is
Lesson 5.2 : Referencing Sources IL: National Textbook
Company.
●​ Reference list
Enumerates the sources that Carnegie, Dale. 2012. How to
contributed to the information Develop Self-Confidence and
provided in the essay. It also Influence People by Public
presents important Speaking. New Delhi, India:
information about those A&A Publishers.
sources.
Lucas, Stephen. 2009. The Art
The list is found at the end of of Public Speaking. 10th ed.
the essay, one page after the New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.
conclusion
Rules for Making a Reference
The information provided in a List in the APA Style
reference list will help readers 1.​ Use the hanging
easily find the sources in case indentation for writing
they would like to do further the entries in the list.
research on the topic. 2.​ In stating the name of
the author, state the
Example of a reference list: surname first, followed
Butterfield, Jeff. 2017. by the first name, then
Illustrated Course Guide: the initials. In case a
Verbal Communication–Soft certain work has more
Skills for a Digital Workplace. than seven authors,
3rd ed. Boston: Cengage state the first 6
Learning. authors, use ellipses,
then state the name of
Carlin, Diana Prentice, and the last author of the
James Payne. 2012. Getting work.
Started in Public Speaking. 3.​ Arrange the entries in
Lincolnwood, IL: National alphabetical order
Textbook Company. based on the surname
of the first author of
———. 1995. Public Speaking every reference.
Today. 2nd ed. Lincolnwood, 4.​ In case there are entries
with the same author or
 group of authors stated number, Page number). Place
in the same order, of publication: Publisher.
arrange the entries in
chronological order, Brown, M. J. (1990). Cardiology. In
from the one with the The Medical Encyclopedia. (Vol. 15, p.
earliest publication 114). New York, NY: World Book, Inc.
date to the one that is
the most recent. 3.​ Online Periodical Articles -
5.​ In writing the titles of Last name of the author,
the books, capitalize Initial(s) of the author. (Year of
only the first letter of Publication). Title of the
the title, the first letter article. Title of the Online
of the subtitle, and Periodical, volume
proper nouns. number(issue number if
6.​ Use italics in formatting available). Retrieved from
the titles of longer works URL.
such as journals and
books. Smith, A. (2014). Shocking therapy.
Psychological Journal, 15. Retrieved
Examples of how to format sources from http://psychjourn.com/
in a reference list using the APA
Style: 4.​ Online Journal Article
1.​ Books - Last name of the retrieved with DOI (Digital
author, Initial(s) of the author. Object Identifier) - Last
(Year of publication). Title of name of the author, Initial(s)
the book. Place of publication: of the author. (Year of
Publisher publication). Title of the
article. Title of the Journal,
Reyes, M. (2002). English made easy. Volume number(issue
Manila: Diwa Publishing Company. number), page range doi:
0000000/000000000000 or
2.​ Encyclopedia Entries - Last http://dx.doi.org/10.0000/000
name of the author, Initial(s) 0
of the author. (Year of
Publication). Title of the Walker H., Smith, A., & Ryan, N.
article. In Title of the (2011). Stress. Neurobiology of
encyclopedia. (Volume Stress, 9, 325-331.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.0 Casey, C. (1989). Global Warming. In
3.001 The World Book Encyclopedia. (Vol.
7, p. 114). Boston, Massachusetts:
5.​ Online Journal Article World Book, Inc.
retrieved without DOI - Last
name of the author, Initial(s) 2. Using the APA style, format
of the author. (Year of these reference elements for
Publication). Title of the an online journal reference
article. Title of the Journal, entry.
Volume number(issue
number), page range. a.​ Research on culture-bound
Retrieved from URL. syndromes: New directions
b.​ Richard Cullen and Sarah Gray
Johnson, J. & Stewart, T. (2001). c.​ Pages 1322-1327
Physiological stress response. British d.​ The American Journal of
Journal of Psychology, 87(5), Psychiatry
532-537. Retrieved from e.​ 2017
http://bjp.physcologyonline.org/doi/ f.​ Volume 156
full/10.1176/bjp.142.9.1321 g.​ Issue 9
h.​ http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org
DRILLS /doi/full/10.1176/ajp.156.9.132
2
1.​ Using the APA Style, format
these reference elements for a
Cullen, R. & Gray, S. (2017). Research
book reference entry.
on culture-bound syndromes: New
directions. The American Journal of
a.​ Charles Casey
Psychiatry, 9, 1322-1327.
b.​ Volume 7
http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/f
c.​ 1989
ull/10.1176/ajp.156.9.1322
d.​ Page 114
e.​ The World Book Encyclopedia
f.​ World Book, Inc.
g.​ Global Warming
h.​ Boston, Massachusetts