1.

0 Experiment01:Load test on dc shunt motor to draw speed –torque and horsepower – efficiency
characteristics

1.1 Learning Objectives

To perform tests on dc machine to determine their characteristics.

1.2 Aim

To Perform load test on DC shunt motor and obtain the following characteristics.
A) SpeedVs.Torque
B) EfficiencyVs.Hp/outputpower

1.3 Material/Equipment Required

S. Particulars Range Quantity

no
1 DCshuntmotor 3HP/2.2KW,1500rpm 01
2 3-Pointstarter - 01
3 Voltmeter 0-300V(MC) 01
4 Ammeter 0-10A(MC) 02
5 Rheostat 200Ω,2.8A 01
6 Rheostat 25Ω,10A 01
7 Tachometer - 01
8 Connectingwires -- Few

1.4 Theory

It is direct method and consists of applying a load to a pulley mounted on the motor shaft.
The brake band is fixed with the help spring balance and is connected to a suspended weight W.
The motor runs and the load on the motor is adjusted till it carries full load current.

The net pull on the band due to friction at the pulley is (W1-W2) Kg-Wt or 9.81 (W1-W2)
Newton.
W1=SuspendedweightinKg.
W2=ReadingonspringbalanceinKg-wt r =
radius of the pulley in meter.
N=motorspeedinrpm

TheshafttorqueTshdevelopedbythemotor=(W1-W2)KgWt=9.81(W1-W2)Newton. Output
power = 2Π𝑁𝑇𝑠𝑕Watt
60

LetV=SupplyVoltage
I=Currenttakenbythemotorinamperes
Input to motor = VI Watt

𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 2Π𝑁(𝑊1−𝑊2)×𝑟×9.81
Efficiency= =
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 60×𝑉𝐼
The simple load test described above can be used for small motors only because in the
case of Large motor it is difficult to dissipate the large amount of heat generated.

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1.5 Procedure

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

1. Keep the field rheostat (200Ω/2.8A)in cutout position & armature rheostat in cutin position.
2. Switch ON the supply by closing the DPST switch.
3. Gradually cut out the armature rheostat & cutin the field rheostat step by step to bring motor to rated speed.
4. Gradually apply mechanical load step by step with the help of break load arrangement and note down
the corresponding readings of voltmeter, ammeters, load and speed.
5. Repeat above procedure till the rated current of motor is achieved.
6. Reduce the load to zero.
7. Bring field rheostat and armature rheostat to their original positions and switch OFF the supply.
8. Plot the graph of
9. a)Speed Vs.torque
b)Efficiency Vs .output power in HP

1.6 Circuit Diagram

1.7 Specifications& Tabulation

Specifications:
1. Power = kw
2. Voltage = v
3. Current= amp
4. Speed = rpm

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 TABULATION:

Sl. Supply Line Input Spring Torquein Speed Output Efficiency

No Voltage current power in Balance Nm N in Powerin %η=
inVolts in HP load in T=𝑠×𝑟× rpm HP 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Amps (VIL/746) Kg 9.81 𝑃𝑜/746 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
(Il=Ia+If) (S=S1- × 100
S2)
1

1.8 Formula/Calculations
Circumference ofapulley
Circumferenceofapulley=2Πr r=
2Π
2Π𝑁𝑇𝑠𝑕
Outputpower,Po = Watt
60

𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Efficiency=
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

1.9 Natureof Graph

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1.10 Results

1.11 Conclusion

1.12 Remarks

Faculty Signature

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2.0 Experiment02:Speed control of dc shunt motor by armature and field control.

2.1 Learning Objectives

To control the speed of dc motor

2.2 Aim

Speed control of Dcmotorby 1)Armature control

2)Flux control or Field control method

2.3 Materials/Equipments Required

S. Particulars Range Quantity

no
1 DCshuntmotor 5HP/3.7KW,1500rpm 01
2 3-Pointstarter - 01
3 Voltmeter 0-300V(MC) 01
4 Ammeter 0-10A(MC) 01
5 Rheostat 200Ω,2.8A 01
6 Rheostat 50Ω,5A 01
7 Tachometer - 01
8 Connectingwires -- Few

2.4 Theory

1) Armaturecontrolmethod:
In this method, shunt-field current is maintained constant, while the voltage applied
to the armature is varied. DC motor speed is proportional to the counter emf (N∝ Eb). This is
equal to the applied voltage minus the armature circuit IR drop. At rated current, the torque
remains constant regardless of the dc motor speed (since the magnetic flux is constant) and,
therefore, the dc motor has constant torque capability over its speed range.
This method is used when speed below the rated speed required.As the supply voltageis
normally constant, the voltage across the armature is varied by adding a variable resistance in
series with the armature.
The shunt field winding is excited by the normal voltage hence Ish is constant (rated) in this
method. Initially the armature rheostat position is set minimum and rated voltage gets applied
across the armature. So, speed is rated for a given load, armature current is fixed. So when
extra resistance isadded inarmature circuit,Iaremainssame and there isa voltage drop across the
resistance added (IaR). Hence voltage across the armature decreases, decreasing the speed
belowthe normal value. By varying this extra resistance various speeds belowthe rated value
can be obtained. So for a constant load torque the speed is directly proportional to the voltage
across the armature.

2) FluxcontrolorFieldcontrol method:
Speed is inversely proportional to the flux. The flux is dependent on the current through the
shunt field winding. The flux can be controlled by adding a rheostat in series with the shunt
field winding. At the beginning Rheostat kept at minimum position. The supply voltage is atits
rated value so current through the shunt field winding is also at its rated value. Hence the
speedisalsoratednormalspeedtherheostatisincreasedduetowhichshuntfieldcurrentIsh
1
decreasesdecreasingthefluxproducedasN∝ .Thespeedofthemotorincreasesbeyond
𝜑
itsratedvalue.Itisrecommendedthatratedvaluesofelectricalparametersshouldnotbe

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 exceeded but the speed which is mechanical parameter can be increased up to twice its rated
value. As field windingresistance ishigh,the field currentis smallhence power loss (𝐼2𝑅)𝑠𝑕 in the
external resistance is very small. This makes the method more economical and efficient.As the
field current is small size of the rheostat required is small

2.5 Procedure

Armaturecontrolmethod:
1. Connections are made as per the circui tdiagram.
2. Keep the field rheosta tincut-outposition(200Ω/2.8A)and armature rheostat in cutin position
(50Ω,5A).
3. Switch ON the supply by closing the DPST switch.
4. Keep the field current to a constant value,gradually cut-out the armature rheostat step by step and
note down the armature voltage and speed reading at each step.
5. Keep all rheostat stot heir original position and switch OFF the supply.
6. Plot the graph of armature voltage V/Sspeed of motor.

Flux controlor Field control method:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep the field rheostat incut-out position(200Ω/2.8A)and armature rheostat in cut in position
(50Ω/5A).
3. Switch ON the supply by closing the DPST switch.
4. Gradually cutout the armature rheostat to bring motor to rated speed.
5. Keep the armature voltage to a constant value then gradually cut in the field rheostat step by step
And note down the field current and speed at each step.
6. Bring all rheostats to original position and switch OFF the supply.
7. Plot the graph of field currentV/Sspeed of motor.

2.6 Circuit Diagram

2.7 Specifications& Tabulation

Specifications:
1. Power = KW
2. Voltage = V
3. Current= A
4. Speed = rpm

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 TABULATION:
Armature Control method: FluxcontrolmethodorFieldcontrolmethod:
Field current remains constant. Armature Voltage remains constant.
For IF= ForVA=

Armature Speed Field Speedin

S.No. S.No.
voltage in rpm currentin rpm
inVolts Amps

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

2.8 Formula/Calculations

2.9 NatureofGraph

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2.10 Results

2.11 Conclusion

2.12 Remarks

FacultySignature

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3.0 Experiment03:Swinburne’s Test on dc motor.

3.1 Learning Objectives

To conduct test for pre-determination of the performance characteristics of dc machines

3.2 Aim

To perform the Swinburne’s test on DC shunt motor to find efficiency at different load
conditions.

3.3 Materials/Equipments Required

S.no Particulars Range Quantity

1 3-Pointstarter - 01
2 Rheostat 200Ω,2.8A 01
3 Ammeter 0-5A 01
4 Ammeter 0-2A 01
5 Voltmeter 0-300V 01
6 Multimeter -- 01
7 Tachometer -- 01
8 Connectingwires -- Few

3.4 Theory

In this method the dc machine is run as motorat no load and losses of the machine are determined
once the losses of the machine are known its efficiency at any desired load can be determined in
advance It may be noted that this method is applicable to those machines in which flux is
practically constant at all loads ex: shunt and compound machines.
The motor is run on no-load at its rated voltage at the starting some resistance is
connected in series with the armature which is cut when motor attains sufficient speed.. Speed is
adjusted to the rated speed with the help of shunt field rheostat. The no load armature current is
measured by ammeter A1 and the shunt current is measured by ammeter A2.

Advantages of Swinburne’s Test:

i) The power required to carry out the test is small because it isa no-load test.There foret his
method is quite economical.
ii) The efficiency can be determined at any load because constant losses are known.
iii) This test is very convenient.

DisadvantagesofSwinburne’sTest:

i) It does not take into account the stray load losses that occur when the machine is loaded.
ii) Thistestdoesnotenableustochecktheperformanceofthemachineonfullload.
iii) Thistestdoesnotgivequiteaccurateefficiencyofthe machine.Itisbecauseironlossesunder
actualloadaregreaterthanthose measured.Thisismainlyduetoarmaturereactiondistorting the
field.

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3.5 Procedure

1. Connection sare made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep field rheostat incut out position 200Ω/2.8A & Armature rheost at in Cut in position
50Ω/5A.
3. Switch ON the supply by closing the DPST switch.
4. Gradually cutout the armature rheostat & cutin the field rheostat step by step to bring
Motor to the rated speed.
5. Note down the corresponding reading of ammeter and voltmeter.
6. Bring field rheostat to its original position and switch OFF the supply.

3.6 Circuit Diagram

3.7 Specifications& Tabulation

Specifications:
1. Power = KW
2. Voltage = V
3. Current= A
4. Speed = rpm

TABULATION:
Supply Armature Field No load Speed
Voltagein Currentin Current CurrentILA inrpm
Volts Ia0 Amps Ish mps

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 3.8 Formula/Calculations

Armature resistance Ra=

Determination of constant losses:

Armatureresistance=Ra= Ω
Input to motor on no load = VIL = W
2
Armature copper loss = I R=
a0a W
Constantlosses=Noloadinputtomotor –Noloadarmaturecopperlosses W0 =VIL
– (I2Ra) a0

= W
EfficiencyofMotoratFullload:
Full load rated current (IFL) = A
Armature current Ia= IFL –Ish = A
Input to motor at full load = VIFL =
Armature copper loss =I2 aaR= W
Shunt field copper loss =VIsh = W
Totalcopperloss=armaturecopperlosses+fieldcopperlosses
=I2Ra+VI
a sh

=
= W
Totallosses=Constantlosses+Totalcopperlosses
=W0+I2R+VI
aa sh

= W
Outputpower=Inputpower–Totallosses
=VIFL–totallosses
=
= W
Efficiency (η)=Outputpower X100
Inputpower
=

= %

3.9 Results&Analysis

Load FullLoad ½ Load ¾thLoad ¼thLoad

% Efficiency

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3.10 Conclusion

3.11 Remarks

FacultySignature

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